公开(公告)号：US20080131993A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-05

申请号：US12005773

申请日：2007-12-27

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC分类号： H01L51/44

CPC分类号： H01L51/441 ,  H01L27/301 ,  H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A method which lower the series resistance of photosensitive devices includes providing a transparent film of a first electrically conductive material arranged on a transparent substrate; depositing and patterning a mask over the first electrically conductive material, such that openings in the mask have sloping sides which narrow approaching the substrate; depositing a second electrically conductive material directly onto the first electrically conductive material exposed in the openings of the mask, at least partially filling the openings; stripping the mask, leaving behind reentrant structures of the second electrically conductive material which were formed by the deposits in the openings of the mask; after stripping the mask, depositing a first organic material onto the first electrically conductive material in between the reentrant structures; and directionally depositing a third electrically conductive material over the first organic material deposited in between the reentrant structures, edges of the reentrant structures aligning deposition so that the third electrically conductive material does not directly contact the first electrically conductive material, and does not directly contact the second electrically conductive material.

摘要翻译： 降低光敏元件的串联电阻的方法包括提供布置在透明基板上的第一导电材料的透明膜; 在所述第一导电材料上沉积和图案化掩模，使得所述掩模中的开口具有接近所述基底的窄边; 将第二导电材料直接沉积在暴露于掩模的开口中的至少部分填充开口的第一导电材料上; 剥离掩模，留下由掩模的开口中的沉积物形成的第二导电材料的可重入结构; 在剥离掩模之后，将第一有机材料沉积在第一导电材料之间的可重入结构之间; 并且在第一有机材料上定向沉积第三导电材料，所述第一有机材料沉积在所述凹坑结构之间，所述凹槽结构的边缘对准沉积物，使得所述第三导电材料不直接接触所述第一导电材料，并且不直接接触所述第一导电材料 第二导电材料。

公开(公告)号：US07326955B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-05

申请号：US10911560

申请日：2004-08-05

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L27/142

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

摘要翻译： 提供一种器件，其具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域， 。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区的材料，使得λ1至少与λ2不同10％。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

公开(公告)号：US07915701B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-29

申请号：US12123095

申请日：2008-05-19

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L31/00

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

摘要翻译： 提供了具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域的装置。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区域的材料，使得λ1与λ2至少约10％不同。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

公开(公告)号：US20050110005A1

公开(公告)日：2005-05-26

申请号：US10721072

申请日：2003-11-26

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC分类号： H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/30

CPC分类号： H01L51/0504 ,  H01L51/002 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0062

摘要： An organic device is provided, having a first electrode and a second electrode. A first organic layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first organic layer includes a first organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and a second organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. A second organic layer is also disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second organic layer includes the second organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and the first organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. The first organic material may act as an n-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as a p-dopant in the first organic layer. Alternately, the first organic material may act as a p-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as an n-dopant in the first organic layer. Exemplary materials for the first and second organic materials include PTCDA and BTQBT. Devices that may be fabricated include organic light emitting devices, organic transistors, and organic photosensitive devices. Preferably, the electron affinity of the first organic material is within about 0.4 eV of the ionization potential of the second organic material, and more preferably within about 0.2 eV. The first and second organic layers may also be used in separate devices fabricated on the same substrate. A method of fabricating devices is provided, by co-depositing the first and second organic materials at different concentrations in different layers, such that a different material is the host in different layers.

摘要翻译： 提供了具有第一电极和第二电极的有机器件。 第一有机层设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第一有机层包括浓度为至少50％摩尔的第一有机材料和浓度小于50％摩尔的第二有机材料。 第二有机层也设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第二有机层包括浓度至少为50％摩尔的第二有机材料和第一有机材料，其浓度小于50％摩尔。 第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中充当n掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当p掺杂剂。 或者，第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中用作p掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当n掺杂剂。 用于第一和第二有机材料的示例性材料包括PTCDA和BTQBT。 可以制造的器件包括有机发光器件，有机晶体管和有机光敏器件。 优选地，第一有机材料的电子亲和力在第二有机材料的电离电位的约0.4eV内，更优选在约0.2eV内。 第一和第二有机层也可以用在同一衬底上制造的分开的器件中。 提供一种制造器件的方法，通过在不同层中以不同浓度共沉积第一和第二有机材料，使得不同的材料是不同层中的主体。

公开(公告)号：US07375370B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-20

申请号：US10979145

申请日：2004-11-03

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L29/08 ,  H01L35/24 ,  H01L51/00

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

公开(公告)号：US07314773B2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-01

申请号：US11205122

申请日：2005-08-17

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC分类号： H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/441 ,  H01L27/301 ,  H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A method which lower the series resistance of photosensitive devices includes providing a transparent film of a first electrically conductive material arranged on a transparent substrate; depositing and patterning a mask over the first electrically conductive material, such that openings in the mask have sloping sides which narrow approaching the substrate; depositing a second electrically conductive material directly onto the first electrically conductive material exposed in the openings of the mask, at least partially filling the openings; stripping the mask, leaving behind reentrant structures of the second electrically conductive material which were formed by the deposits in the openings of the mask; after stripping the mask, depositing a first organic material onto the first electrically conductive material in between the reentrant structures; and directionally depositing a third electrically conductive material over the first organic material deposited in between the reentrant structures, edges of the reentrant structures aligning deposition so that the third electrically conductive material does not directly contact the first electrically conductive material, and does not directly contact the second electrically conductive material.

公开(公告)号：US07196366B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-27

申请号：US10911559

申请日：2004-08-05

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L31/062

CPC分类号： H01L51/4253 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

摘要翻译： 提供一种器件，其具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域， 。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区的材料，使得λ1至少与λ2不同10％。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

公开(公告)号：US20060027801A1

公开(公告)日：2006-02-09

申请号：US10911560

申请日：2004-08-05

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry Rand

IPC分类号： H01L29/08

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

摘要翻译： 提供一种器件，其具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域， 。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区的材料，使得λ1至少与λ2不同10％。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

公开(公告)号：US08586967B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

申请号：US10910371

申请日：2004-08-04

申请人： Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand ,  Stephen Forrest

发明人： Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand ,  Stephen Forrest

IPC分类号： H01L51/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/0072 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L31/0256 ,  H01L51/0037 ,  H01L51/0038 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0073 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L2251/301 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided, having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoactive region includes a first organic layer comprising a mixture of an organic acceptor material and an organic donor material, wherein the first organic layer has a thickness not greater than 0.8 characteristic charge transport lengths, and a second organic layer in direct contact with the first organic layer, wherein: the second organic layer comprises an unmixed layer of the organic acceptor material or the organic donor material of the first organic layer, and the second organic layer has a thickness not less than about 0.1 optical absorption lengths. Preferably, the first organic layer has a thickness not greater than 0.3 characteristic charge transport lengths. Preferably, the second organic layer has a thickness of not less than about 0.2 optical absorption lengths. Embodiments of the invention can be capable of power efficiencies of 2% or greater, and preferably 5% or greater.

摘要翻译： 提供一种具有第一电极，第二电极和设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的光活性区的装置。 光活性区域包括包含有机受体材料和有机供体材料的混合物的第一有机层，其中第一有机层具有不大于0.8特征电荷输送长度的厚度，以及与第一有机层直接接触的第二有机层 有机层，其中：所述第二有机层包含所述有机受体材料的未混合层或所述第一有机层的有机供体材料，并且所述第二有机层具有不小于约0.1光学吸收长度的厚度。 优选地，第一有机层具有不大于0.3个特征电荷输送长度的厚度。 优选地，第二有机层具有不小于约0.2光学吸收长度的厚度。 本发明的实施例能够实现2％以上，优选5％以上的功率效率。

公开(公告)号：US20050224905A1

公开(公告)日：2005-10-13

申请号：US10822774

申请日：2004-04-13

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry Rand ,  Jiangeng Xue

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry Rand ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC分类号： H01L21/00 ,  H01L31/06 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/42

CPC分类号： B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided, having a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The photoactive region includes a first organic layer comprising a mixture of an organic acceptor material and an organic donor material, wherein the first organic layer has a thickness not greater than 0.8 characteristic transport lengths, and a second organic layer in direct contact with the first organic layer, wherein: the second organic layer comprises an unmixed layer of the organic acceptor material or the organic donor material of the first organic layer, and the second organic layer has a thickness not less than about 0.1 optical absorption lengths. Preferably, the first organic layer has a thickness not greater than 0.3 characteristic transport lengths. Preferably, the second organic layer has a thickness of not less than about 0.2 optical absorption lengths. Embodiments of the invention can be capable of power efficiencies of 2% or greater, and preferably 5% or greater.

摘要翻译： 提供一种具有第一电极，第二电极和设置在第一电极和第二电极之间的光活性区的装置。 光活性区域包括包含有机受体材料和有机供体材料的混合物的第一有机层，其中第一有机层具有不大于0.8特征传输长度的厚度，以及与第一有机层直接接触的第二有机层 层，其中：第二有机层包含有机受体材料的未混合层或第一有机层的有机供体材料，第二有机层具有不小于约0.1光学吸收长度的厚度。 优选地，第一有机层具有不大于0.3特征输送长度的厚度。 优选地，第二有机层具有不小于约0.2光学吸收长度的厚度。 本发明的实施例能够实现2％以上，优选5％以上的功率效率。