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公开(公告)号：US07456632B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-25
申请号：US10549913
申请日：2004-03-22
CPC分类号： G01V3/30
摘要： A method for monitoring a high-resistivity reservoir rock formation (2) below one or more less resistive formations (3). The method includes transmitting an electromagnetic signal (S) propagating from near a seafloor or land surface (1) by means of an electromagnetic transmitter (5) powered by a voltage signal generator (G). The electromagnetic signal (S) propagates from the seafloor (1) and is guided along a conductive string (7) to the high-resistive formation (2), and propagates as a guided-wave electromagnetic signal (S2) at a relatively higher speed (V2) inside the high-resistivity formation (2) than a propagation speed (V3) in the less resistive formations (3). The guided-wave electromagnetic signal (S2) gives rise to an upward refracting electromagnetic signal (R3) having the relatively lower propagation speed (V3) in the less resistive formations (3) and having an exit angle nearer to the normal (N) to the interface between the high-resistivity formation (2) and the lower-resistivity formation (3), and gives rise to a steeply rising refraction wave front (F3). The refracted electromagnetic wave front (F3) includes refracted electromagnetic signals (R3) detected along an array of sensor antennas (6a, 6b, 6c, . . . , 6k, . . . , 6n) positioned along the seafloor. The array having a direction away from the transmitter (5).
摘要翻译： 一种用于监测低于一个或多个较小阻性结构（3）的高电阻率储层岩层（2）的方法。 该方法包括通过由电压信号发生器（G）供电的电磁发射器（5）传输从靠近海底或地面（1）传播的电磁信号（S）。 电磁信号（S）从海底（1）传播，并沿着导电线（7）引导到高电阻结构（2），并作为导波电磁信号（S 2）以相对较高的速度传播 高电阻率地层（2）内部的速度（V 2）大于传播速度（V 3）。 导波电磁信号（S 2）产生在较小阻抗构造（3）中具有相对较低传播速度（V 3）的向上折射电磁信号（R 3），并具有更接近正常的出射角（ N）到高电阻率层（2）和下电阻率层（3）之间的界面，并产生急剧上升的折射波前（F 3）。 折射电磁波前（F 3）包括沿着沿着位置沿传感器天线阵列（6a，6b，6c，...，6k，...，6n）检测的折射电磁信号（R 3） 海底。 阵列具有远离发射器（5）的方向。
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公开(公告)号：US07453265B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-18
申请号：US10549172
申请日：2004-03-19
CPC分类号： E21B47/042 , G01F23/284 , G01V3/30 , Y02A90/344
摘要： A device for monitoring the position of an oil/water contact (OWC, 22) between an oil-continuous fluid (2o) overlying a water-continuous fluid (2w) inside a casing pipe (7). The device includes a transmitter (5) for a generating an electromagnetic signal (ST) and the transmitter (5) is provided with electrical energy (GT) from a voltage signal generator (G). The transmitter (5) is arranged inside the casing pipe (7) in the oil-continuous fluid (2o) and above the oil-water contact (22). The electromagnetic wave signal (ST) partly propagates downwards from the transmitter (5), is partly reflected from the oil-water contact (22), and is partly reflected by the end of the casing, giving rise to an upward propagating, reflected electro-magnetic signal (SR). The device also includes a sensor (6) for detecting the reflected electromagnetic signal (SR), and the sensor (6) is also arranged above the oil-water contact (22), providing a sensor signal (RR) to a receiver (60) for receiving the sensor signal (RR) and further to an analyzing device (61) for analyzing the sensor signal (RR), e.g. with respect to two-way propagation time or amplitude in order to calculate an elevation level for the oil-water contact.
摘要翻译： 一种用于监测覆盖在套管（7）内的水连续流体（2w）的油连续流体（2o）之间的油/水接触（OWC，22）的位置的装置。 该装置包括用于产生电磁信号（ST）的发射器（5），并且从电压信号发生器（G）向发射器（5）提供电能（G
T）。 发射器（5）布置在油连续流体（2o）内和油水接触件（22）上方的套管（7）内。 从发射器（5）向下部分地传播的电磁波信号（S SUB T T）部分地从油 - 水接触（22）反射，并且部分地被壳体的端部反射，给出 上升到向上传播的反射电磁信号（S SUB R S）。 该装置还包括用于检测反射电磁信号（S SUB R＆S）的传感器（6），传感器（6）也布置在油 - 水接触（22）上方，提供传感器信号 （R SUB R）连接到用于接收传感器信号（R SUB R）的接收器（60），并且还包括分析装置（61），用于分析传感器信号（R' SUB> R＆gt;），例如 相对于双向传播时间或幅度，以计算油 - 水接触的高程水平。 -
公开(公告)号：US20090278541A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-12
申请号：US12223914
申请日：2007-02-12
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/12 , G01V3/083 , Y02A90/344
摘要： A method for analysing acquired electromagnetic measurements (R) made at or in a sea (4) over a seafloor (1) with rock formations (3) having relatively low resistivity (ρ3) for detecting a possibly underlying petroleum bearing reservoir formation (2) having relatively high resistivity (ρ2), wherein a low frequency electromagnetic transmitter (5) arranged in the sea (4) emits an electromagnetic field (P) propagating in the sea (4), in the rocks (3, 2) and in the air (0) above the sea; wherein electromagnetic sensors (6) are arranged with desired offsets (x) in the sea (4) for measuring the electromagnetic field (P(x)) while the field propagates, characterized in that one or more component of the electromagnetic field (P) is measured at least one large offset (xL) from the transmitter (5) where the field (P) essentially only has its origin from the field propagating as a field (P0) through the air (0); that the one or more components of the electromagnetic field (P) measured at the large offset (xL) is calculated back to a recalculated field (F0(x)) to one or more offsets (x) being shorter than the large offset (xL); that the recalculated field (P0(X)) is subtracted from the field (P(x)) for possibly highlighting a field which arising due to the possibly petroleum bearing reservoir formation (2) having relatively high resistivity (ρ2).
摘要翻译： 一种用于分析在具有相对较低电阻率（rho3）的岩层（3）的海底（1）上或在海上（4）制造的获取的电磁测量（R）的方法，用于检测可能的潜在石油轴承储层形成（2） 具有相对较高的电阻率（rho2），其中布置在海中的低频电磁发射器（5）发射在海中（4）中传播的电磁场（P），在岩石（3,2）和 海上空气（0） 其中电磁传感器（6）在场传播时在海（4）中以希望的偏移（x）布置以测量电磁场（P（x）），其特征在于，电磁场（P）的一个或多个分量 测量来自发射机（5）的至少一个大偏移（xL），其中场（P）基本上仅具有通过空气（0）作为场（P0）传播的场的起点; 在大偏移（xL）处测量的电磁场（P）的一个或多个分量被计算回到重新计算的场（F0（x））到一个或多个偏移量（x）短于大偏移（xL ）; 重新计算的场（P0（X））从场（P（x））中减去，可能突出显示由于具有相对高的电阻率（rho2）的石油轴承储层形成（2）而引起的场。
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公开(公告)号：US07982465B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-19
申请号：US12223914
申请日：2007-02-12
CPC分类号： G01V3/12 , G01V3/083 , Y02A90/344
摘要： A method for analyzing acquired electromagnetic measurements (R) made at or in a sea (4) over a seafloor (1) with rock formations (3) having relatively low resistivity (ρ3) for detecting a possibly underlying petroleum bearing reservoir formation (2) having relatively high resistivity (ρ2), wherein a low frequency electromagnetic transmitter (5) arranged in the sea (4) emits an electromagnetic field (P) propagating in the sea (4), in the rocks (3, 2) and in the air (0) above the sea; wherein electromagnetic sensors (6) are arranged with desired offsets (x) in the sea (4) for measuring the electromagnetic field (P(x)) while the field propagates, characterized in that one or more component of the electromagnetic field (P) is measured at least one large offset (xL) from the transmitter (5) where the field (P) essentially only has its origin from the field propagating as a field (P0) through the air (0); that the one or more components of the electromagnetic field (P) measured at the large offset (xL) is calculated back to a recalculated field (F0(x)) to one or more offsets (x) being shorter than the large offset (xL); that the recalculated field (P0(X)) is subtracted from the field (P(x)) for possibly highlighting a field which arising due to the possibly petroleum bearing reservoir formation (2) having relatively high resistivity (ρ2).
摘要翻译： 一种用于分析在具有相对低电阻率（3）的岩层（3）的海底（1）上或在海上（4）制造的获取的电磁测量（R）的方法，用于检测可能的潜在石油轴承储层形成 2）具有相对高的电阻率（2），其中布置在海中的低频电磁发射器（5）在岩石（3,2）中发射在海中传播的电磁场（P） ）和在海上的空气（0）; 其中电磁传感器（6）在场传播时在海（4）中以希望的偏移（x）布置以测量电磁场（P（x）），其特征在于，电磁场（P）的一个或多个分量 测量来自发射机（5）的至少一个大偏移（xL），其中场（P）基本上仅具有通过空气（0）作为场（P0）传播的场的起点; 在大偏移（xL）处测量的电磁场（P）的一个或多个分量被计算回到重新计算的场（F0（x））到一个或多个偏移量（x）短于大偏移（xL ）; 从场（P（x））中减去重新计算的场（P0（X）），以便可能突出显示由于具有相对较高电阻率（2）的石油轴承储层形成（2）而引起的场。
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公开(公告)号：US20090267608A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-29
申请号：US11794665
申请日：2006-01-09
IPC分类号： G01V3/12
CPC分类号： G01V3/083 , G01V3/12 , Y02A90/344
摘要： A method for determining electrical properties of a submarine petroleum fluid-bearing formation (1) under overburden geological layers (2) of thickness (s) under a seafloor (3) of a sea (4),said method comprising the following steps: arranging one or more transmitter antennas (9) in said sea (4), and arranging one or more electromagnetic receivers (8) in said sea (4), said sea having a shallow sea depth (d) of 50-350 meters; using said transmitter antenna (9) transmitting electromagnetic signals (10) of one or more pulses (11) having frequency of very low frequency between 0.01 Hz and 0.10 Hz; using said receiver antennas (8) having an offset from said transmitter (9), for receiving propagated electromagnetic signals (12) due to said emitted; electromagnetic signals (10); analysing one or more components of said received signals (12) from receivers (8) having offsets between about 1 km and 12 km, whether said signals (12) differ significantly from a corresponding signal that would occur from a water-bearing formation (1), indicating a petroleum fluid-bearing formation (1).
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定海底（3）海底（3）下厚度的上覆岩层地层（2）的海底石油流体承载地层（1）的电性能的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤： 在所述海（4）中的一个或多个发射器天线（9），并且在所述海（4）中布置一个或多个电磁接收器（8），所述海具有浅海深度（d）为50-350米; 使用所述发射机天线（9）传送在0.01Hz和0.10Hz之间具有非常低频率频率的一个或多个脉冲（11）的电磁信号（10） 使用具有来自所述发射机（9）的偏移的所述接收机天线（8），用于由于所述发射接收传播的电磁信号（12）; 电磁信号（10）; 从具有约1km到12km之间的偏移的接收器（8）分析所述接收信号（12）的一个或多个分量，所述信号（12）是否与从含水地层（1 ），表明含石油流体的地层（1）。
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6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US08299794B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-30
申请号：US12227577
申请日：2007-05-16
IPC分类号： G01V3/00
摘要： A method for electromagnetic geophysical surveying of rock formations (1) under a sea-floor (3) comprising the following steps: *—towing first and second alternating field (E1, E2) emitting sources (s1, S2) in first and second depths below the sea surface, said first field (E1) having a first phase (Φ1);—said second alternating field (E2) given a second phase (Φ2) different from said first phase (Φ1), said sources (S1, S2) constituting a phased array emitter antenna with directivity for transmitting a major proportion of the combined electromagnetic energy downwards;—said first and second fields (E1, E2) for propagating partly down through the sea-floor (3) and being reflected and/or refracted through said rock formations (1) and partly propagating back through the seafloor (3);—said first and said second fields (E1, E2) for merging to a total field and being measured by electromagnetic receivers (r1, r2, . . . , rn) recording corresponding field registrations (Er1(t), Er2(t), Er3(t), . . . , Ern(t)).
摘要翻译： 一种用于在海底（3）下的岩层（1）的电磁地球物理测量方法，包括以下步骤：*在第一和第二深度中牵引第一和第二交变场（E1，E2）发射源（s1，S2） 所述第一场（E1）具有第一相位（Φ1）; - 所述第二交变场（E2）给出与所述第一相位（Φ1）不同的第二相位（Φ2），所述源极（S1，S2） 构成相对阵列发射天线，具有用于向下传输组合电磁能的主要部分的方向性; - 第一和第二场（E1，E2），用于部分向下传播通过海底（3）并被反射和/或折射 通过所述岩层（1）并部分地通过所述海底（3）传播; - 所述第一和所述第二场（E1，E2），用于合并到总场并由电磁接收器（r1，r2，...）测量。 ，rn）记录对应的场注册（Er1（t），Er2（t ），Er3（t），。 。 。 ，Ern（t））。
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公开(公告)号：US07812611B2
公开(公告)日：2010-10-12
申请号：US11794665
申请日：2006-01-09
CPC分类号： G01V3/083 , G01V3/12 , Y02A90/344
摘要： A method for determining electrical properties of a submarine petroleum fluid-bearing formation (1) under overburden geological layers (2) of thickness (s) under a seafloor (3) of a sea. The method includes:*arranging one or more transmitter antennas (9) in the sea, and arranging one or more electromagnetic receivers (8) in the sea, *the sea having a shallow sea depth (d) of 50-350 meters; *using the transmitter antenna (9) transmitting electromagnetic signals (10) of one or more pulses (11) having frequency of very low frequency between 0.01 Hz and 0.10 Hz; *using the receiver antennas (8) having an offset from the transmitter (9), for receiving propagated electro-magnetic signals (12) due to the emitted electromagnetic signals (10); *analyzing one or more components of the received signals (12) from receivers (8) having offsets between about 1 km and 12 km, whether the signals (12) differ significantly from a corresponding signal that would occur from a water-bearing formation (1), indicating a petroleum fluid-bearing formation (1).
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定海底海底（3）厚度的上覆岩层地层（2）的海底石油流体承载地层（1）的电性能的方法。 该方法包括：*在海中布置一个或多个发射天线（9），并在海中配置一个或多个电磁接收器（8），海底深度为深度（d）为50-350米; *使用发射天线（9）发射具有0.01Hz至0.10Hz之间的非常低频率频率的一个或多个脉冲（11）的电磁信号（10） *使用具有来自发射器（9）的偏移的接收机天线（8），用于由于所发射的电磁信号（10）而接收传播的电磁信号（12）。 从具有约1km到12km之间的偏移的接收机（8）分析接收信号（12）的一个或多个分量，信号（12）是否与从含水地层发生的对应信号显着不同（ 1），表示含石油流体的地层（1）。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110158043A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-30
申请号：US13002623
申请日：2009-03-16
CPC分类号： G01V11/00 , G01V1/201 , G01V3/083 , G01V3/12 , G01V2210/6163
摘要： A geophysical sensor cable has one or more sensor cable sections. Each of the sensor cable sections is provided with seismic and electromagnetic sensors arranged along said cable. The seismic sensors include a hydrophone and a seismic component receiver for seismic vector measurements while the sensor cable is at the sea-floor. The electromagnetic sensors include both E-field sensors and H-field sensors. The E-field sensors include pairs of first and second electrodes arranged with different positions along the cable and connected to a voltage amplifier. The H-field sensors include three mutually orthogonally arranged H-field component sensors.
摘要翻译： 地球物理传感器电缆具有一个或多个传感器电缆部分。 每个传感器电缆部分设置有沿着所述电缆布置的地震和电磁传感器。 当传感器电缆处于海底时，地震传感器包括水听器和用于地震矢量测量的地震分量接收器。 电磁传感器包括电场传感器和H场传感器。 电场传感器包括沿着电缆布置成具有不同位置并连接到电压放大器的成对的第一和第二电极。 H场传感器包括三个相互正交排列的H场分量传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US07453763B2
公开(公告)日：2008-11-18
申请号：US10562825
申请日：2004-06-18
IPC分类号： G01V1/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/38 , G01V1/201 , G01V3/08 , G01V11/00 , G01V11/007 , Y02A90/344
摘要： The invention includes a geographical sensor apparatus for use under water in the sea, including a plurality of seismic sensors (1) for sensing seismic waves associated with underground formations, and a plurality of EM-sensors constituted preferably by electrodes (4) for sensing electromagnetic waves associated with the underground formations. In a preferred receiver cable configuration embodiment of the invention, the geophysical sensor apparatus includes a seismic receiver cable with a linear array of a plurality of seismic sensors (1) and EM-sensors arranged inside a flexible outer skin (25), with the EM-sensors having electrodes on the outside of the outer skin. The cable is operated on the seafloor by a surface vessel, the vessel towing an electromagnetic transmitter antenna in addition to the seismic source.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于海洋中的水下的地理传感器装置，包括用于感测与地下结构有关的地震波的多个地震传感器（1），以及多个优选由电极（4）构成的EM传感器，用于感测电磁 与地下组合相关的波浪。 在本发明的优选的接收器电缆配置实施例中，地球物理传感器设备包括具有多个地震传感器（1）的线性阵列和布置在柔性外皮（25）内的EM-传感器的地震接收器电缆，其中EM 在外皮外侧具有电极的传感器。 电缆通过地面船舶在海底运行，船只除了地震源之外还牵引电磁发射机天线。
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10.发明授权公开(公告)号：US09176254B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-03
申请号：US13002623
申请日：2009-03-16
CPC分类号： G01V11/00 , G01V1/201 , G01V3/083 , G01V3/12 , G01V2210/6163
摘要： A geophysical sensor cable has one or more sensor cable sections. Each of the sensor cable sections is provided with seismic and electromagnetic sensors arranged along said cable. The seismic sensors include a hydrophone and a seismic component receiver for seismic vector measurements while the sensor cable is at the sea-floor. The electromagnetic sensors include both E-field sensors and H-field sensors. The E-field sensors include pairs of first and second electrodes arranged with different positions along the cable and connected to a voltage amplifier. The H-field sensors include three mutually orthogonally arranged H-field component sensors.
摘要翻译： 地球物理传感器电缆具有一个或多个传感器电缆部分。 每个传感器电缆部分设置有沿着所述电缆布置的地震和电磁传感器。 当传感器电缆处于海底时，地震传感器包括水听器和用于地震矢量测量的地震分量接收器。 电磁传感器包括电场传感器和H场传感器。 电场传感器包括沿着电缆布置成具有不同位置并连接到电压放大器的成对的第一和第二电极。 H场传感器包括三个相互正交排列的H场分量传感器。
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