公开(公告)号：US20100039557A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12440222

申请日：2007-04-04

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： H04N5/145 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as a movie video and an animation video due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a genre determining portion (14) for determining whether the input image signal is a predetermined genre, and a controlling portion (15). The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (102) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the input image signal is relating to a movie or animation, the control portion (15) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理，所以防止运动图像的图像质量劣化的对象可能包括多个相同的连续图像，例如电影视频和动画视频。 图像显示装置设置有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插在输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数，类型确定 用于确定输入图像信号是否是预定类型的部分（14），以及控制部分（15）。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（102）。 在输入图像信号与电影或动画有关的情况下，控制部（15）将由运动矢量检测部（11e）检测出的运动矢量设定为零矢量，进行FRC部的运动补偿处理 （10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US08325272B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-04

申请号：US12440654

申请日：2007-04-10

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N5/08 ,  H04N7/12

CPC分类号： G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G5/393 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2340/16 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014 ,  H04N7/0147

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as 2-3 or 2-2 pulldown video due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a pulldown detecting portion (14) for detecting whether the input image signal is an image signal to which pulldown conversion has been performed, and a controlling portion (15). The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the input image signal is an image signal to which pulldown conversion has been performed, the controlling portion (15) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是防止由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理，运动图像的图像质量劣化可能包括多个相同的连续图像，例如2-3或2-2下拉视频。 图像显示装置设置有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插在输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数，下拉检测 用于检测所述输入图像信号是否已经执行了下拉变换的图像信号的部分（14）和控制部分（15）。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 在输入图像信号是已经执行了下拉变换的图像信号的情况下，控制部分（15）将由运动矢量检测部分（11e）检测的运动矢量设置为零向量，以进行运动补偿处理 的FRC部分（10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US20100020232A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-28

申请号：US12440654

申请日：2007-04-10

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G5/393 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2340/16 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014 ,  H04N7/0147

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as 2-3 or 2-2 pulldown video due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a pulldown detecting portion (14) for detecting whether the input image signal is an image signal to which pulldown conversion has been performed, and a controlling portion (15). The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the input image signal is an image signal to which pulldown conversion has been performed, the controlling portion (15) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是防止由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理，运动图像的图像质量劣化可能包括多个相同的连续图像，例如2-3或2-2下拉视频。 图像显示装置设置有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插在输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数，下拉检测 用于检测所述输入图像信号是否已经执行了下拉变换的图像信号的部分（14）和控制部分（15）。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 在输入图像信号是已经执行了下拉变换的图像信号的情况下，控制部分（15）将由运动矢量检测部分（11e）检测的运动矢量设置为零向量，以进行运动补偿处理 的FRC部分（10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US20090268089A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-29

申请号：US12441491

申请日：2007-04-06

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： H04N5/145 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  H04N5/142 ,  H04N5/165 ,  H04N5/57 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014 ,  H04N21/4318 ,  H04N21/44008 ,  H04N21/440281 ,  H04N21/4854

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as a movie video image or a CG video image due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a controlling portion (14) for controlling each portion according to an image tone mode selected by a user. The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the image tone mode selected by the user is a predetermined image tone mode, the controlling portion (14) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是防止运动图像由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理而可能包括诸如电影视频图像或CG视频图像的多个相同连续图像的运动图像的图像质量恶化。 图像显示装置具有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数，控制部分 （14），用于根据用户选择的图像色调模式来控制每个部分。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 在由用户选择的图像色调模式是预定的图像色调模式的情况下，控制部分（14）将由运动矢量检测部分（11e）检测到的运动矢量设置为零向量，以进行运动补偿处理 FRC部分（10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US08780267B2

公开(公告)日：2014-07-15

申请号：US12440222

申请日：2007-04-04

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N7/01 ,  H04N11/20

CPC分类号： H04N5/145 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as a movie video and an animation video due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a genre determining portion (14) for determining whether the input image signal is a predetermined genre, and a controlling portion (15). The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (102) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the input image signal is relating to a movie or animation, the control portion (15) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理，所以防止运动图像的图像质量劣化的对象可能包括多个相同的连续图像，例如电影视频和动画视频。 图像显示装置设置有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数，类型确定 用于确定输入图像信号是否是预定类型的部分（14），以及控制部分（15）。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（102）。 在输入图像信号与电影或动画有关的情况下，控制部（15）将由运动矢量检测部（11e）检测出的运动矢量设定为零矢量，进行FRC部的运动补偿处理 （10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US08228427B2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-24

申请号：US12441491

申请日：2007-04-06

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa ,  Hiroyuki Furukawa ,  Masafumi Ueno ,  Kenichiroh Yamamoto ,  Takashi Yoshii

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： H04N5/145 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  H04N5/142 ,  H04N5/165 ,  H04N5/57 ,  H04N7/0112 ,  H04N7/0132 ,  H04N7/014 ,  H04N21/4318 ,  H04N21/44008 ,  H04N21/440281 ,  H04N21/4854

摘要： It is an object to prevent the image quality deterioration of a moving image likely to include a plurality of the same consecutive images such as a movie video image or a CG video image due to the motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing. An image displaying device is provided with an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames in an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which a motion compensation processing has been given between the frames in the input image signal, a controlling portion (14) for controlling each portion according to an image tone mode selected by a user. The FRC portion (10) includes a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between the frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. In the case that the image tone mode selected by the user is a predetermined image tone mode, the controlling portion (14) set the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to zero-vector to make the motion compensation processing of the FRC portion (10) ineffective.

摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是防止运动图像由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理而可能包括诸如电影视频图像或CG视频图像的多个相同连续图像的运动图像的图像质量恶化。 图像显示装置具有FRC部分（10），用于通过内插输入图像信号中的帧之间已经给出运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号中的帧数;控制部分 （14），用于根据用户选择的图像色调模式来控制每个部分。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量来分配帧之间的内插矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 信息，以及用于从内插向量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 在由用户选择的图像色调模式是预定的图像色调模式的情况下，控制部分（14）将由运动矢量检测部分（11e）检测到的运动矢量设置为零向量，以进行运动补偿处理 FRC部分（10）无效。

公开(公告)号：US08384826B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12447181

申请日：2007-04-10

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： H04N7/0132 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2310/061 ,  G09G2320/0247 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2360/16 ,  H04N5/14 ,  H04N5/145 ,  H04N7/01 ,  H04N7/0137

摘要： Deterioration of the image quality of a moving image which is deteriorated due to a motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing is prevented. An image display device comprises an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames of an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which the motion compensation processing is performed between frames of the input image signal and a controlling portion (15) for controlling the operation of the FRC portion (10) after determining whether or not the degree of deterioration of the input image signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. The FRC portion (10) comprises a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. If the degree of deterioration of the input image signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the controlling portion (15) makes the motion compensation of the FRC portion (10) ineffective by setting the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to a zero vector.

摘要翻译： 防止由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理而恶化的运动图像的图像质量恶化。 图像显示装置包括FRC部分（10），用于通过内插输入图像信号的帧和控制部分（15）之间执行运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号的帧数， 在确定输入图像信号的劣化程度是否等于或高于预定值之后控制FRC部分（10）的操作。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量信息在帧之间分配插值矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 以及用于从内插矢量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 如果输入图像信号的劣化程度等于或高于预定值，则控制部分（15）通过设置由运动矢量检测部分检测到的运动矢量使得FRC部分（10）的运动补偿无效 （11e）到零矢量。

公开(公告)号：US20100007789A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-14

申请号：US12447181

申请日：2007-04-10

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Seiji Kohashikawa

IPC分类号： H04N7/01

CPC分类号： H04N7/0132 ,  G09G3/20 ,  G09G3/3611 ,  G09G2310/061 ,  G09G2320/0247 ,  G09G2320/0261 ,  G09G2320/106 ,  G09G2340/0435 ,  G09G2360/16 ,  H04N5/14 ,  H04N5/145 ,  H04N7/01 ,  H04N7/0137

摘要： Deterioration of the image quality of a moving image which is deteriorated due to a motion-compensated frame rate conversion (FRC) processing is prevented. An image display device comprises an FRC portion (10) for converting the number of frames of an input image signal by interpolating an image signal to which the motion compensation processing is performed between frames of the input image signal and a controlling portion (15) for controlling the operation of the FRC portion (10) after determining whether or not the degree of deterioration of the input image signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. The FRC portion (10) comprises a motion vector detecting portion (11e) for detecting a motion vector between frames of the input image signal, an interpolating vector evaluating portion (11f) for allocating an interpolating vector between the frames based on the motion vector information, and an interpolating frame generating portion (12d) for generating an interpolating frame from the interpolating vector. If the degree of deterioration of the input image signal is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the controlling portion (15) makes the motion compensation of the FRC portion (10) ineffective by setting the motion vector detected by the motion vector detecting portion (11e) to a zero vector.

摘要翻译： 防止由于运动补偿帧速率转换（FRC）处理而恶化的运动图像的图像质量恶化。 图像显示装置包括FRC部分（10），用于通过内插输入图像信号的帧和控制部分（15）之间执行运动补偿处理的图像信号来转换输入图像信号的帧数， 在确定输入图像信号的劣化程度是否等于或高于预定值之后控制FRC部分（10）的操作。 FRC部分（10）包括用于检测输入图像信号的帧之间的运动矢量的运动矢量检测部分（11e），用于基于运动矢量信息在帧之间分配插值矢量的内插矢量评估部分（11f） 以及用于从内插矢量生成内插帧的内插帧生成部分（12d）。 如果输入图像信号的劣化程度等于或高于预定值，则控制部分（15）通过设置由运动矢量检测部分检测到的运动矢量使得FRC部分（10）的运动补偿无效 （11e）到零矢量。

公开(公告)号：US08724734B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-13

申请号：US12812549

申请日：2009-01-23

申请人： Shigeaki Sasaki ,  Takeshi Mori ,  Hitoshi Ohmuro ,  Yusuke Hiwasaki ,  Akitoshi Kataoka ,  Kimitaka Tsutsumi

发明人： Shigeaki Sasaki ,  Takeshi Mori ,  Hitoshi Ohmuro ,  Yusuke Hiwasaki ,  Akitoshi Kataoka ,  Kimitaka Tsutsumi

IPC分类号： H04L27/00

CPC分类号： H03M7/3082 ,  G10L19/00 ,  H04N19/194 ,  H04N19/85 ,  H04N19/94

摘要： A coding method with a small error is provided. In the coding method of the present invention, a normalization value obtained from an input signal is corrected for an error calculated from an input and output in vector quantization and is then quantized. The coding method includes a normalization stage of normalizing the input signal in accordance with the normalization value of the input signal, calculated in each frame; a dividing stage of dividing the normalized frame into divided input signal sequences in accordance with a predetermined rule; a vector quantization stage of applying vector quantization to the divided input signal sequences to generate a vector quantization index; and a normalization value correction stage of correcting the normalization value of the input signal for the error obtained from the input and output in the vector quantization stage.

摘要翻译： 提供了一个小错误的编码方法。 在本发明的编码方法中，对于从矢量量化中的输入和输出计算的误差校正从输入信号获得的归一化值，然后对其进行量化。 编码方法包括根据在每帧中计算的输入信号的归一化值对输入信号进行归一化的归一化阶段; 根据预定规则将归一化帧划分成分割输入信号序列的分割级; 将矢量量化应用于分割输入信号序列以生成矢量量化索引的矢量量化级; 以及归一化值校正级，用于校正从矢量量化级中的输入和输出获得的误差的输入信号的归一化值。

公开(公告)号：US08585914B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

申请号：US13497438

申请日：2010-12-22

申请人： Takeshi Mori ,  Takeshi Hosokawa

发明人： Takeshi Mori ,  Takeshi Hosokawa

IPC分类号： B44C1/22

CPC分类号： B32B17/10174 ,  B32B17/10146 ,  B32B17/10183 ,  B32B17/10761 ,  C03C23/0025 ,  C03C2218/33 ,  C23C14/042

摘要： [Object] To provide a method for producing a vehicle window glass pane that possesses both a solar radiation energy blocking function and a radio wave transmitting function.[Means for achieving the Object] A method for producing a vehicle window glass pane on which an infrared reflective film is formed by a vacuum film forming method, which is characterized by having a process in which an edge portion of an infrared reflective film having a radio wave transmissible window produced by using a masking member is removed by dry etching, and further characterized in that the dry etching is carried out by using a grindstone or a laser.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种具有太阳辐射能量阻挡功能和无线电波发射功能的车辆窗玻璃的制造方法。 实现该目的的手段一种通过真空成膜方法形成红外线反射膜的车辆用窗玻璃的制造方法，其特征在于，具有以下工序：红外线反射膜的边缘部分具有 通过干蚀刻除去通过使用掩模构件产生的无线电波传播窗，其特征还在于通过使用磨石或激光进行干法蚀刻。