公开(公告)号：US4583710A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-22

申请号：US376811

申请日：1982-05-10

申请人： Thomas E. Adams ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Bennett H. Rockney ,  Richard J. S. Morrison

发明人： Thomas E. Adams ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Bennett H. Rockney ,  Richard J. S. Morrison

IPC分类号： H01F7/16 ,  H01F7/18 ,  H03K17/64 ,  F16K31/02

CPC分类号： H03K17/64 ,  H01F7/1638 ,  H01F7/18 ,  H01F2007/1692 ,  Y10T137/86421

摘要： An electromagnetically operated valve for generating a fast, pulsed molecular beam is disclosed. Two axially aligned solenoids are mounted in a valve housing, the front end of which is closed by end plate having a central valve aperture. The solenoids are held in spaced apart relationship by a non-magnetic ring to define a gap between the faces of the two solenoid windings. A thin disc of magnetic material moves between the solenoid cores upon energization of first one and then the other of the windings. A small diameter non-magnetic tube extends from the center of the disc coaxially through one of the solenoid cores and terminates in a stainless steel tip which carries a valve head in the form of a short rod having a flat end. The tube is axially movable by the disc to move the valve head into and out of engagement with the end plate to close and open the valve aperture. The tube is surrounded by a metal bellows which serves to isolate it and the solenoids from a sample gas reservoir surrounding the valve head and formed by the end plate and the valve housing. The aperture in the end plate is a conical hole which serves both as a valve seat and as an expansion nozzle for the gas released by operation of the valve.The two solenoid coils are driven by suitable multivibrators which produce timed pulses to drive one solenoid to open the valve and to drive the other solenoid to close the valve, with suitable switching circuitry being provided to operate the valve at a high rate of speed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于产生快速脉冲分子束的电磁操作阀。 两个轴向对准的螺线管安装在阀壳体中，阀壳体的前端由具有中心阀孔的端板封闭。 螺线管通过非磁性环保持间隔开的关系，以限定两个螺线管绕组的表面之间的间隙。 磁性材料的薄片在第一个电磁线圈和另一个绕组通电时在电磁铁芯之间移动。 小直径非磁性管从盘的中心同轴地延伸穿过其中一个电磁铁芯，并终止于不锈钢尖端，该尖端承载具有扁平端的短杆形式的阀头。 管可以通过盘轴向移动，以将阀头移动到与端板接合并脱离与端板的接合以关闭和打开阀孔。 该管被金属波纹管包围，该金属波纹管用于将其与围绕阀头并由端板和阀壳体形成的样气储存器隔开。 端板中的孔是一个锥形孔，其既用作阀座又用作用于通过操作阀释放的气体的膨胀喷嘴。 两个螺线管线圈由合适的多谐振荡器驱动，该多谐振荡器产生定时脉冲以驱动一个螺线管来打开阀门，并驱动另一个螺线管关闭阀门，提供合适的开关电路以以高速度操作阀门。

公开(公告)号：US06483581B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-19

申请号：US09446673

申请日：1999-12-22

申请人： Dor Ben-Amotz ,  Yanan Jiang ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Ken Haber ,  George M. Laurence, Jr.

发明人： Dor Ben-Amotz ,  Yanan Jiang ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Ken Haber ,  George M. Laurence, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01J344

CPC分类号： G01N21/65 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J3/0289 ,  G01J3/0291 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/85 ,  G01N2021/656

摘要： A hand-held material identification apparatus 10 uses a spectrograph and detector array detecting a Raman spectrum produced by a sample illuminated by a laser source to recognize a variety of materials with a command to recognition time cycle of about one second or less. The width of the spectrum detected by each detector in the array is less than ¼th the excitation source wavelength deviation to permit smoothing of the spectrum detected by the discrete spectral elements to eliminate pixel noise without loss of Raman spectral information. The Raman spectra are produced by materials illuminated by an inexpensive near-infrared multimode laser operated in a pulse mode to deliver between 0.05 and 0.5 joules of photon energy, with the Raman spectra being detected before any significant heating of the sample occurs. The identification apparatus 10 qualitatively determines the chemical composition of reinforced and unreinforced copolymers and composites such as ABS, polypropylene, talc-filled polypropylene, polycarbonate, PMMA, polyethylene, and PVC, from samples of different colors and textures with a high degree of success without the need for special positioning or sample preparation.

摘要翻译： 手持材料识别装置10使用检测由激光源照射的样品产生的拉曼光谱的光谱仪和检测器阵列，以识别大约1秒以下的识别时间周期的指令来识别各种材料。 由阵列中的每个检测器检测到的光谱的宽度小于激发源波长偏差的1/4，以允许平滑由离散光谱元素检测的光谱，以消除像素噪声而不损耗拉曼光谱信息。 拉曼光谱由以脉冲模式操作的便宜的近红外多模激光器照射的材料产生，以传递0.05至0.5焦耳的光子能量，在样品发生任何显着加热之前，检测拉曼光谱。 识别装置10从不同颜色和纹理的样品定性地确定增强和非增强共聚物和复合材料如ABS，聚丙烯，填充滑石的聚丙烯，聚碳酸酯，PMMA，聚乙烯和PVC的化学组成，而没有 需要特殊定位或样品制备。

公开(公告)号：US06744500B2

公开(公告)日：2004-06-01

申请号：US10002680

申请日：2001-10-23

申请人： James E. Bradbury ,  Donald R. Smith ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Philipp Kukura

发明人： James E. Bradbury ,  Donald R. Smith ,  Edward R. Grant ,  Philipp Kukura

IPC分类号： G01J344

CPC分类号： G01N33/34 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N2021/656

摘要： Pulp and/or paper samples are scanned with a Laser Raman Spectroscopic probe, utilizing Raman spectroscopic technology, to generate Raman spectroscopic images of all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants contained in the sample, to compare the same with a library of Raman spectroscopic fingerprints of known constituents and/or contaminants, and to identify and communicate data on all or selected ones of the constituents and/or contaminants for purposes of controlling the paper making process and/or determination of the quality of the paper produced.

摘要翻译： 使用拉曼光谱技术用激光拉曼光谱探针扫描纸浆和/或纸样品，以产生样品中包含的所有或选定的成分和/或污染物的拉曼光谱图像，以将其与 为了控制造纸过程和/或确定所生产的纸张的质量，已知成分和/或污染物的拉曼光谱指纹，以及识别和传送所有成分和/或污染物上的所有或选定的成分和/或污染物的数据。