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公开(公告)号：US4224576A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US943894
申请日：1978-09-19
IPC分类号： H01J25/02 , H01S3/0947 , H01S1/00 , H01J23/16
CPC分类号： H01J25/025 , H01S3/0947
摘要： An apparatus for amplifying coherent radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths includes the combination of a travelling-wave-tube cyclotron-maser-amplifier structure and a magnetron-injection electron gun. The amplifier structure includes a fast-wave drift tube and an electromagnetic wave launcher within the bore of a superconducting magnet. The magnetron-injection electron gun is also within the bore of the magnet and is coupled to the drift tube. As a travelling wave is launched in a preferred mode in the drift tube, the electron gun injects an annular beam of relativistic electrons having both large energy transverse to the axis of the device and small energy spread into the drift tube so that the electrons gyrate at their cyclotron frequency in orbits about the lines of the axial magnetic field produced by the magnet. The travelling wave is amplified by extracting energy from the relativistic electron beam. Efficiency of this energy transfer is optimized by tapering the magnetic field near the output end of the wave-beam interaction region.
摘要翻译： 用于在毫米波和亚毫米波长处放大相干辐射的装置包括行波管回旋加速器 - 激光放大器结构和磁控管注入电子枪的组合。 放大器结构包括在超导磁体的孔内的快波漂移管和电磁波发射器。 磁控管注射电子枪也在磁体的孔内并且耦合到漂移管。 由于在漂移管中以优选的方式发射行波，所以电子枪注入相对论电子的环形光束，该相对论电子具有横向于器件轴线的大能量，并且小能量扩散到漂移管中，使得电子在 它们的回旋加速器围绕由磁体产生的轴向磁场的线轨道运动。 通过从相对论电子束中提取能量来放大行波。 通过使波束相互作用区域的输出端附近的磁场逐渐变细来优化能量传递的效率。
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公开(公告)号：US4567401A
公开(公告)日：1986-01-28
申请号：US389132
申请日：1982-06-12
CPC分类号： H01J23/24
摘要： A wide-band distributed coupler for coupling rf energy from an input waveguide into a tapered interaction waveguide in a traveling-wave amplifier comprising a plurality of channel filters connecting between the input and interaction waveguides, with each filter coupled to the interaction waveguide at the appropriate cross-sectional position along its tapered length where the interaction waveguide cutoff frequency approximately matches the wave frequency propagated by the filter. Each filter comprises, in one embodiment, a main coaxial cavity tuned to a distinct center frequency, a first simple isolation cavity for coupling rf energy between the input waveguide and the main cavity, and at least one second simple isolation cavity for coupling energy between the main cavity and the tapered interaction waveguide. This coupler is compatible both in bandwidth and geometry with the tapered interaction waveguide.
摘要翻译： 一种用于将来自输入波导的rf能量耦合到行波放大器中的锥形相互作用波导的宽带分布耦合器，其包括连接在输入和相互作用波导之间的多个通道滤波器，每个滤波器以适当的方式耦合到相互作用波导 横截面位置沿其锥形长度，其中相互作用波导截止频率近似匹配由滤波器传播的波频率。 在一个实施例中，每个滤波器包括调谐到不同中心频率的主同轴腔，用于在输入波导和主腔之间耦合rf能量的第一简单隔离腔，以及至少一个第二简单隔离腔， 主腔和锥形相互作用波导。 该耦合器在带宽和几何形状上与锥形相互作用波导兼容。
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公开(公告)号：US4362968A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-07
申请号：US162702
申请日：1980-06-24
CPC分类号： H01J25/02
摘要： A slow-wave, cyclotron-type, travelling-wave-tube amplifier in which the m-wave interaction is the result of a Weibel-type instability. The travelling wave is slowed down in its propagation through the waveguide by a dielectric liner located on the inner wall of the waveguide. The bunching mechanism is the result of the V.sub..perp. .times.B.sub..perp. Lorentz force.
摘要翻译： 一种慢波，回旋加速器型行波管放大器，其中波束相互作用是威贝尔型不稳定性的结果。 行波通过位于波导内壁上的绝缘衬垫通过波导的传播减慢。 聚束机制是V正交xB正交洛伦兹力的结果。
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公开(公告)号：US4533875A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-06
申请号：US389133
申请日：1982-06-16
CPC分类号： H01J25/025 , H01S1/00 , H03F3/58 , H03F3/608
摘要： A high power amplifier for amplifying millimeter-wave radiation comprising: a length of metallic waveguide tapered from a small cross-sectional end to a larger cross-sectional end; a magnetron-type electron injection gun for injecting a spiral beam of relativistic electrons at the small end of the waveguide for propagation axially therein so that the wall radius of the tapered waveguide increases in the downstream direction of the electron beam; an input coupler for launching electromagnetic waves to be amplified into the waveguide at the large waveguide end thereof such that the individual frequencies in the input waves are reflected at various points along the constriction of the waveguide taper so that they copropagate with and are amplified by the electron beam; and a magnetic circuit for generating an axial magnetic field within the tapered waveguide with a unique profile approximately in accordance with the following equation to maintain synchronism: ##EQU1## where the z subscript is the waveguide axial direction, the .perp. subscript designates the direction perpendicular to this axial direction, and the o subscript represents those quantities at the entrance point for the electron beam into the waveguide.This device has been found experimentally to have negligible launching loss and low sensitivity to electron velocity spread.
摘要翻译： 一种用于放大毫米波辐射的高功率放大器，包括：从小截面端到较大横截面端逐渐变细的金属波导的长度; 用于在波导的小端处注入相对论电子的螺旋光束以在其中轴向传播的磁控管型电子注入枪，使得锥形波导的壁半径在电子束的下游方向上增加; 用于发射电磁波的输入耦合器，以在其波导端的大波导端处放大到波导中，使得输入波中的各个频率沿着波导锥度的收缩部的各个点被反射，使得它们与波导锥形共同传播并被放大 电子束; 以及用于在锥形波导内产生具有大致按照以下等式的独特轮廓的磁路，以保持同步：其中z下标是波导轴向，其中ORTHOGONAL下标表示垂直于 该轴向方向，o下标表示电子束进入波导的入口处的那些量。 实验发现该装置具有可忽略的发射损失和对电子速度传播的低灵敏度。
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公开(公告)号：US5814939A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US600016
申请日：1996-02-12
申请人： Kwo R. Chu , Larry R. Barnett , Chaoen Wang , Yih S. Yeh , Tze T. Yang , Han Y. Chen , Shih H. Chen , Yi C. Tsai , Trine Y. Dawn
发明人： Kwo R. Chu , Larry R. Barnett , Chaoen Wang , Yih S. Yeh , Tze T. Yang , Han Y. Chen , Shih H. Chen , Yi C. Tsai , Trine Y. Dawn
IPC分类号： H01J23/075
CPC分类号： H01J23/075
摘要： A mechanically tunable magnetron injection gun (MIG) provides an annular, relativistic beam of electrons for injection into an axially aligned magnetic field of a gyrotron-class device. The electron emitter encircles a center electrode. Turning a knob adjusts the center electrode's axial position relative to the rest of the cathode. The adjustable center electrode provides an effective means for local field adjustment. The center electrode is located in a particularly sensitive electric field region and adjusts the electric field so as to tune the electron beam from the inside out. Adjusting the center electrode position while the device is in operation is a means for providing mechanical tunability (with respect to beam quality and transverse-to-axial velocity ratio) for the MIG. The mechanical tunability feature provides the MIG with an extra degree of freedom for the optimization of the beam quality, it provides the versatility of operation in a much greater parameter space, it can be used to compensate for machining errors and thermal deformations, and it can provide tunability for single anode MIGs.
摘要翻译： 机械可调磁控管注射枪（MIG）提供环形的相对论电子束，用于注入到陀螺仪级装置的轴向对准的磁场中。 电子发射器环绕中心电极。 旋转旋钮调节中心电极相对于阴极其余部分的轴向位置。 可调中心电极为局部场调整提供了有效的手段。 中心电极位于特别敏感的电场区域中，并且调节电场以便从内向外调谐电子束。 在设备运行时调节中心电极位置是为MIG提供机械可调谐性（相对于光束质量和横向 - 轴向速度比）的一种手段。 机械可调特性为MIG提供了一个额外的自由度来优化光束质量，它提供了更大参数空间中操作的通用性，可用于补偿加工误差和热变形，并且可以 为单个阳极MIG提供可调性。
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公开(公告)号：US4554484A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-19
申请号：US527626
申请日：1983-08-29
申请人： Michael E. Read , Yuval Carmel , Kwo R. Chu , Achintya K. Ganguly
发明人： Michael E. Read , Yuval Carmel , Kwo R. Chu , Achintya K. Ganguly
CPC分类号： H01J25/025 , Y10S505/88
摘要： A complex cavity gyrotron designed for stable operation at high order modes. The device comprises circuitry for generating an annular electron beam, a coupled cavity disposed coaxially with the electron beam and having a first and second adjacent coaxial sections with the dimensions of these coaxial sections adjusted so that different modes with the same azimuthal eigen number but different radial eigen numbers are simultaneously resonant at approximately the same frequency in the two sections, and circuitry for generating an axial magnetic field within the cavity. Few, if any, combinations of modes other than the combination chosen will simultaneously resonate in the cavity thereby effecting higher order mode suppression. The present design has a low susceptibility to beam velocity spread and is effective for any combination of modes with identical azimuthal eigen numbers.
摘要翻译： 一个复杂的腔室陀螺仪设计用于在高阶模式下稳定运行。 该装置包括用于产生环形电子束的电路，与电子束同轴设置的耦合腔，并且具有第一和第二相邻的同轴部分，其中这些同轴部分的尺寸被调整为使得具有相同方位角本征数但不同径向的不同模式 特征号在两个部分中以大致相同的频率同时谐振，以及用于在腔内产生轴向磁场的电路。 如果有的话，除了所选择的组合以外的模式的组合将在空腔中同时共振，从而实现更高阶模式抑制。 本设计对光束速度扩展的敏感度低，并且对于具有相同方位角本征数的模式的任何组合是有效的。
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公开(公告)号：US06313710B1
公开(公告)日：2001-11-06
申请号：US09567573
申请日：2000-05-04
申请人： Liming Chen , Hezhong Guo , Han Y. Chen , Ming H. Tsao , Tze T. Yang , Yi C. Tsai , Kwo R. Chu
发明人： Liming Chen , Hezhong Guo , Han Y. Chen , Ming H. Tsao , Tze T. Yang , Yi C. Tsai , Kwo R. Chu
IPC分类号： H03B904
摘要： The interaction structure with integral coupling and bunching section and method of use of the present invention produces backward wave oscillations in an RF structure which combines ballistic bunching and extended beam-wave interaction in a complex resonator assembly. The complex extended interaction structure includes a five-gap electromagnetically-coupled cavity structure with a coaxial section inserted between the first and second cavities. The first cavity serves as a buncher cavity while the four subsequent cavities serve as energy cavities. In the coaxial section, beam and wave propagate in separate channels. The field in the buncher cavity is coupled to the four subsequent energy extraction cavities through the wave channel between the inner and outer conductors of the coaxial section, while the electron beam drifts along a cylindrical channel cut through the inner conductor of the coaxial section. The complex extended interaction structure of the present invention provides a drift channel (cutoff to the wave) to allow ballistic bunching of electrons. Since the buncher cavity is strongly coupled to the energy extraction cavities, the first gap exerts a large modulating voltage on the electrons, sufficient to produce a tightly bunched electron beam upon entrance into the energy extraction cavities.
摘要翻译： 具有整体耦合和聚束部分的相互作用结构和本发明的使用方法在复合谐振器组件中组合弹道聚束和延伸的波束相互作用的RF结构中产生反向波振荡。 复合延伸的相互作用结构包括五孔电磁耦合空腔结构，其中插入在第一和第二腔之间的同轴部分。 第一腔用作聚束腔，而四个随后的空腔用作能量腔。 在同轴部分中，波束和波在单独的通道中传播。 聚束器腔中的场通过同轴部分的内部和外部导体之间的波形通道耦合到四个随后的能量提取腔，而电子束沿着穿过同轴部分的内部导体的圆柱形通道漂移。 本发明的复合扩展相互作用结构提供了漂移通道（对波的截止），以允许电子的弹道聚束。 由于聚束腔与能量提取腔强耦合，所以第一间隙在电子上施加大的调制电压，足以在进入能量提取腔时产生紧密束缚的电子束。
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公开(公告)号：US4370621A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-25
申请号：US129294
申请日：1980-03-11
申请人： Phillip A. Sprangle , Robert A. Smith , Kwo R. Chu
发明人： Phillip A. Sprangle , Robert A. Smith , Kwo R. Chu
CPC分类号： H01S1/005 , H01J25/025
摘要： An electron cyclotron maser high-frequency generator/amplifier having a cavity resonator positioned in an axial magnetic field. A spiralling beam of relativistic electrons is injected into the cavity and stimulated emission of radiation by the electrons takes place at the frequency of a wave mode supported by the cavity resonator. The transverse efficiency, defined as the average electron energy loss divided by its initial transverse energy, is maximized by disposing a shaped iron collar about the cavity resonator to provide an axial magnetic field in the cavity resonator whose amplitude increases in the beam direction-of-travel. In an alternative embodiment, the transverse efficiency is maximized by tapering the inner wall of the cavity in the axial direction to provide a wave-mode in the cavity resonator whose electric-field amplitude increases in the beam direction-of-travel.
摘要翻译： 具有位于轴向磁场中的空腔谐振器的电子回旋加速器激光器高频发生器/放大器。 将相对论电子的螺旋形光束注入空腔中，并且通过由腔谐振器支持的波模式的频率发生受电子辐射的辐射。 定义为平均电子能量损失除以其初始横向能量的横向效率通过在空腔谐振器周围设置成形铁圈来在腔谐振器中提供轴向磁场而最大化，其中振子在波束方向上的振幅增加， 旅行。 在替代实施例中，横向效率通过使空腔的内壁沿轴向方向逐渐变细来最大化，以在空腔谐振器中提供波模式，其中电场振幅在光束行进方向上增加。
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公开(公告)号：US4376917A
公开(公告)日：1983-03-15
申请号：US163003
申请日：1980-06-25
CPC分类号： H01S1/005
摘要： A solid-state cyclotron maser for generating low power (1 watt or less) signals in the submillimeter frequency range (300 GHz-30,000 GHz) includes an accelerating region, a drift region, and a metal grid therebetween. Both regions are formed from semiconductor material, such as indium antimonide, having non-parabolic energy bands. The drift region is a thin disc having metallized outer surfaces, but includes an annular opening in the metal on the front side and a circular opening in the metal on the back side, and is grounded. A grid of metal rings is placed on the annular opening of the drift region. The accelerating region is a hollow cylinder having a metallized front surface. It couples to the drift region for covering the annular opening and the grid. A negative bias voltage is applied to the accelerating region and a magnetic field is applied to the maser at an angle to the axis of the maser. Electrons propagate in spiral trajectories through the accelerating region, grid and drift region. Movement of electrons within the non-parabolic energy bands of the semiconductor material causes changes in the effective mass of the electrons. Phase-bunching of electrons occurs and electrons radiate coherently. Energy is removed from the drift region at the opening on its back side.
摘要翻译： 用于在亚毫米频率范围（300GHz-30,000GHz）中产生低功率（1瓦特或更少）信号的固态回旋加速器激光器包括加速区域，漂移区域和它们之间的金属栅极。 两个区域都由具有非抛物线能带的半导体材料形成，例如锑化铟。 漂移区域是具有金属化的外表面的薄盘，但是在前侧的金属中包括环形开口，并且在后侧的金属中具有圆形开口，并且接地。 金属环的格栅放置在漂移区的环形开口上。 加速区域是具有金属化前表面的中空圆柱体。 它耦合到漂移区域以覆盖环形开口和电网。 向加速区域施加负偏置电压，并且以与激光器的轴线成一定角度向磁体施加磁场。 电子通过加速区域，网格和漂移区域以螺旋轨迹传播。 电子在半导体材料的非抛物线能带内的移动导致电子有效质量的变化。 发生电子相聚，电子相干地辐射。 能量在其背面的开口处从漂移区域移除。
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