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1.发明授权Methods and apparatus for lattice-structured multiple description vector quantization coding 有权网格结构多重描述矢量量化编码方法与装置公开(公告)号：US06594627B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-15
申请号：US09533232
申请日：2000-03-23
IPC分类号： G10L1912
CPC分类号： G10L19/12 , G10L2019/0004
摘要： A lattice-structured multiple description vector quantization (LSMDVQ) encoder generates M descriptions of a signal to be encoded, each of the descriptions being transmittable over a corresponding one of M channels. The encoder is configured based at least in part on a distortion measure which is a function of a central distortion and at least one side distortion. For example, if M=2, the distortion measure may be an average mean-squared error (AMSE) function of the form ƒ(D0, D1, D2), where D0 is a central distortion resulting from reconstruction based on receipt of both a first and a second description, and D1 and D2 are side distortions resulting from reconstruction using only a first description and a second description, respectively. Further performance improvements may be obtained through perturbation of the lattice points. The LSMDVQ techniques of the invention can also be extended to cases of M greater than two, for which the encoder may utilize an ordered set of M codebooks &Lgr;1, &Lgr;2, . . . , &Lgr;M of increasing size, with the coarsest codebook corresponding to a lattice. In such cases, for each number k of descriptions received, there may be a single decoding function that maps the received vector to a corresponding one of the codebooks &Lgr;k, such that reconstruction of the signal requires no more than M such decoding functions.
摘要翻译： 格子结构的多描述矢量量化（LSMDVQ）编码器生成要编码的信号的M个描述，每个描述可以通过M个通道中的相应一个传送。 该编码器至少部分地基于作为中心失真和至少一个侧面失真的函数的失真度量来配置。 例如，如果M = 2，失真测量可以是形式ƒ（D0，D1，D2）的平均均方误差（AMSE）函数，其中D0是基于接收到a 第一和第二描述，D1和D2分别是仅使用第一描述和第二描述的重建产生的侧面失真。 通过扰动晶格点可以获得进一步的性能改进。 本发明的LSMDVQ技术也可以扩展到大于2的M的情况，编码器可以使用M个码本LAMBD1，LAMBD2的有序集合。 。 。 ，LAMBDM的尺寸越来越大，其中最粗的码本对应于格子。 在这种情况下，对于接收到的每个k个描述，可以存在将接收到的矢量映射到码本LAMBDk中的相应一个的单个解码功能，使得该信号的重建需要不超过M个这样的解码功能。
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2.发明授权Multiple description transform coding using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 失效使用任意维度的最优变换进行多描述变换编码公开(公告)号：US06345125B2
公开(公告)日：2002-02-05
申请号：US09030488
申请日：1998-02-25
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of a signal for transmission over in channels of a communication medium. In illustrative embodiments, the invention provides optimal or near-optimal transforms for applications in which at least one of n and m is greater than two, and applications in which the failure probabilities of the m channels are non-independent and non-equivalent. The signal to be encoded may be a data signal, a speech signal, an audio signal, an image signal, a video signal or other type of signal, and each of the m channels may correspond to a packet or a group of packets to be transmitted over the medium. A given n×m transform implemented by the MD JSC encoder may be in the form of a cascade structure of several transforms each having dimension less than n×m. The transform may also be configured to provide a substantially equivalent rate for each of the m channels.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器编码用于在通信介质的信道中传输的信号的n个分量。 在说明性实施例中，本发明为n和m中的至少一个大于2的应用以及m个信道的故障概率是非独立的和非等价的应用提供了最佳或接近最佳的变换。 要编码的信号可以是数据信号，语音信号，音频信号，图像信号，视频信号或其他类型的信号，并且每个m个信道可以对应于要被分组的分组或一组分组 通过介质传输。 由MD JSC编码器实现的给定的nxm变换可以是各自具有小于n×m的维度的几个变换的级联结构的形式。 该变换还可以被配置为为m个通道中的每个通道提供基本相等的速率。
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3.发明授权Methods and apparatus for wireless transmission using multiple description coding 有权使用多重描述编码的无线传输方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06983243B1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-03
申请号：US09698437
申请日：2000-10-27
CPC分类号： H04L1/0057 , H03M7/30
摘要： A multiple description coder generates a number of different descriptions of a given portion of a signal in a wireless communication system, using multiple description scalar quantization (MDSQ) or another type of multiple description coding. The different descriptions of the given portion of the signal are then arranged into packets such that at least a first description of the given portion is placed in a first packet and a second description is placed in a second packet. Each of the packets are then transmitted using a frequency hopping modulator, and the hopping rate of the modulator is selected or otherwise configured based at least in part on the number of descriptions generated for the different portions of the signal. For example, in an embodiment in which two descriptions are generated for each portion of the signal, a first description for a current one of the portions of the signal is placed in a current packet along with a second one of the descriptions for a previous portion of the signal, and the frequency hopping rate of the modulator is doubled relative to a hopping rate used for single description transmission.
摘要翻译： 多描述编码器使用多描述标量量化（MDSQ）或另一类型的多描述编码来生成无线通信系统中信号的给定部分的多个不同描述。 信号的给定部分的不同描述然后被布置成分组，使得给定部分的至少第一描述被放置在第一分组中，并且第二描述被放置在第二分组中。 然后使用跳频调制器发送每个分组，并且至少部分地基于为信号的不同部分生成的描述的数量来选择或以其他方式配置调制器的跳频速率。 例如，在对信号的每个部分生成两个描述的实施例中，对信号的当前部分的第一描述被放置在当前分组中，以及对于前一部分的第二描述 的信号，并且调制器的跳频率相对于用于单个描述传输的跳频速率加倍。
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4.发明授权Multiple description transform coding of images using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 有权使用任意维度的最优变换对图像进行多描述变换编码公开(公告)号：US06330370B2
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09163655
申请日：1998-09-30
IPC分类号： G06K936
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of an image signal for transmission over m channels of a communication medium. In an illustrative embodiment which uses statistical redundancy between the different descriptions of the image signal, the encoder forms vectors from transform coefficients of the image signal separated both in frequency and in space. The vectors may be formed such that the spatial separation between the transform coefficients is maximized. A correlating transform is then applied, followed by entropy coding, grouping as a function of frequency, and application of a cascade transform. In an illustrative embodiment which uses deterministic redundancy between the different descriptions of the image signal, the encoder may apply a linear transform, followed by quantization, to generate the multiple descriptions of the image signal. For example, vectors may be formed from transform coefficients of the image signal so as to include coefficients of like frequency separated in space. The vectors are expanded by multiplication with a frame operator, and then quantized using a step size which may be a function of frequency.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器对通信介质的m个信道上的图像信号的n个分量进行编码以进行传输。 在使用图像信号的不同描述之间的统计冗余的说明性实施例中，编码器从在频率和空间中分离的图像信号的变换系数形成向量。 可以形成向量，使得变换系数之间的空间间隔最大化。 然后应用相关变换，随后进行熵编码，作为频率的函数的分组以及级联变换的应用。 在使用图像信号的不同描述之间的确定性冗余的说明性实施例中，编码器可以应用线性变换，随后进行量化，以产生图像信号的多个描述。 例如，矢量可以由图像信号的变换系数形成，以便包括在空间中分离的相似频率的系数。 通过与帧运算符相乘来扩展向量，然后使用可能是频率函数的步长进行量化。
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5.发明授权Multiple description transform coding of audio using optimal transforms of arbitrary dimension 有权使用任意维度的最优变换对音频进行多重变换编码公开(公告)号：US06253185B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-26
申请号：US09190908
申请日：1998-11-12
申请人： Ramon Arean , Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
发明人： Ramon Arean , Vivek K. Goyal , Jelena Kovacevic
IPC分类号： G01L1900
CPC分类号： H04S1/00
摘要： A multiple description (MD) joint source-channel (JSC) encoder in accordance with the invention encodes n components of an audio signal for transmission over m channels of a communication medium, where n and m may take on any desired values. In an illustrative embodiment, the encoder combines a multiple description transform coder with elements of a perceptual audio coder (PAC). The encoder is configured to select one or more transform parameters for a multiple description transform, based on a characteristic of the audio signal to be encoded. For example, the transform parameters may be selected such that the resulting transformed coefficients have a variance distribution of a type expected by a subsequent entropy coding operation. The components of the audio signal may be quantized coefficients separated into a number of factor bands, and the transform parameter for a given factor band may be set to a value determined based on a transform parameter from at least one other factor band, e.g., the previous factor band. As another example, the transform parameter for one or more of the factor bands may be selected based on a determination as to whether the audio signal to be encoded is of a particular predetermined type. A desired variance distribution may also be obtained for the transformed coefficients by, e.g., pairing or otherwise grouping coefficients such that the coefficients of each pair or group are required to be in the same factor band.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的多描述（MD）联合源信道（JSC）编码器编码音频信号的n个分量，用于在通信介质的m个信道上进行传输，其中n和m可以采用任何期望的值。 在说明性实施例中，编码器将多重描述变换编码器与感知音频编码器（PAC）的元件组合。 编码器被配置为基于要编码的音频信号的特性来选择用于多描述变换的一个或多个变换参数。 例如，可以选择变换参数，使得所得到的经变换的系数具有由后续熵编码操作所期望的类型的方差分布。 音频信号的分量可以是分离成多个因子频带的量化系数，并且给定因子频带的变换参数可以被设置为基于来自至少一个其他因子频带的变换参数确定的值，例如， 以前的因子带。 作为另一示例，可以基于关于要编码的音频信号是否是特定预定类型的确定来选择一个或多个因子频带的变换参数。 也可以通过例如配对或以其他方式对系数进行分组来获得变换系数的期望方差分布，使得每对或组的系数被要求处于相同的因子带中。
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6.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20130088726A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-11
申请号：US13645952
申请日：2012-10-05
IPC分类号： G01B11/02
CPC分类号： G01S17/89 , G01S7/4817 , G01S7/4866 , G01S17/10 , H04N13/254
摘要： Depth information about a scene of interest is acquired by illuminating the scene, capturing reflected light energy from the scene with one or more photodetectors, and processing resulting signals, in at least one embodiment, a pseudo-randomly generated series of spatial light modulation patterns is used to modulate the light pulses either before or after reflection.
摘要翻译： 通过照亮场景获取关于感兴趣场景的深度信息，通过一个或多个光电探测器捕获来自场景的反射光能，并且在至少一个实施例中处理结果信号，伪随机生成的一系列空间光调制模式是 用于在反射之前或之后调制光脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US20120081114A1
公开(公告)日：2012-04-05
申请号：US13326622
申请日：2011-12-15
CPC分类号： G01R33/5611
摘要： An MR imaging system uses the multiple RF coils for acquiring corresponding multiple image data sets of the slice. An image data processor comprises at least one processing device conditioned for, generating a composite MR image data set representing a single image in a single non-iterative operation by performing a weighted combination of luminance representative data of individual corresponding pixels of the multiple image data sets in providing an individual pixel luminance value of the composite MR image data set. The image data processor reduces noise in the composite MR image data set by generating a reduced set of significant components in a predetermined transform domain representation of data representing the composite image to provide a de-noised composite MR image data set. An image generator comprises at least one processing device conditioned for, generating a composite MR image using the de-noised composite MR image data set.
摘要翻译： MR成像系统使用多个RF线圈来获取切片的相应多个图像数据集。 图像数据处理器包括至少一个处理装置，该处理装置被调节为：通过执行多个图像数据集合中各个对应像素的亮度代表数据的加权组合来生成在单个非迭代操作中表示单个图像的复合MR图像数据集 提供复合MR图像数据集合的单独像素亮度值。 图像数据处理器通过在表示合成图像的数据的预定变换域表示中生成缩减的重要分量集合来降低复合MR图像数据集中的噪声，以提供去噪复合MR图像数据集。 图像生成器包括至少一个处理装置，该处理装置被调节为使用去噪合成MR图像数据集生成复合MR图像。
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公开(公告)号：US06198412B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-06
申请号：US09234562
申请日：1999-01-20
申请人： Vivek K. Goyal
发明人： Vivek K. Goyal
IPC分类号： H03M740
CPC分类号： H03M7/3082 , H03M7/30 , H03M7/40
摘要： Transform encoding techniques are disclosed which permit reductions in entropy coding memory requirements. In an illustrative embodiment, a selected discrete linear transform is applied to a discrete-valued version of an information signal to be encoded. The transform is selected such that it produces a transformed output that can be entropy coded using a reduced codeword memory without a substantial increase in entropy coding rate. The entropy coding may be, for example, scalar entropy coding which independently codes each of the components of the transformed discrete-valued version of the information signal, using a single entropy codebook for all of the components to be encoded. As another example, the entropy coding may utilize scalar entropy coding for a first subset of the components of the transformed discrete-valued version of the information signal, using a first codebook for each of the subset of components to be encoded, and vector entropy coding for a second subset of the components, using a second, larger codebook for each of the vectors to be encoded. Other types of entropy coding can also be improved through appropriate selection of the discrete transform.
摘要翻译： 公开了允许减少熵编码存储器要求的变换编码技术。 在说明性实施例中，将选择的离散线性变换应用于待编码的信息信号的离散值版本。 选择变换使得其产生可以使用缩减的码字存储器进行熵编码的变换输出，而不会大大增加熵编码率。 熵编码可以是例如标量熵编码，其使用用于要编码的所有要分量的单熵码本独立地对信息信号的经变换的离散值版本的每个分量进行编码。 作为另一示例，熵编码可以利用信息信号的变换离散值版本的分量的第一子集的标量熵编码，使用要编码的分量子集中的每一个的第一码本，以及矢量熵编码 对于组件的第二子集，对要编码的每个矢量使用第二较大的码本。 还可以通过适当选择离散变换来改进其他类型的熵编码。
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公开(公告)号：US09759995B2
公开(公告)日：2017-09-12
申请号：US13572768
申请日：2012-08-13
CPC分类号： G03B39/00 , G01J1/0437 , G01J1/08 , G01J1/4228 , G03B39/005 , G06T5/50 , G06T2207/10152 , G06T2207/20221
摘要： Diffuse image measurement system and digital image formation method. The system includes a source of light with time-varying intensity directed at a scene to be imaged. A time-resolved light meter is provided for receiving light reflected from the scene to generate time-resolved samples of the intensity of light incident at the light meter. The temporal variation in the intensity of light incident at the light meter is associated with a function of a radiometric property of the scene, such as a linear functional of reflectance, and a computer processes the samples to construct a digital image. The spatial resolution of the digital image is finer than the spatial support of the illumination on the scene and finer than the spatial support of the sensitivity of the light meter. Using appropriate light sources instead of impulsive illumination significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio and reconstruction quality.
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10.发明申请Method For Joint Sparsity-Enforced K-Space Trajectory and Radiofrequency Pulse Design 有权联合稀疏强制K空间轨迹和射频脉冲设计方法公开(公告)号：US20090256570A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-15
申请号：US12422512
申请日：2009-04-13
IPC分类号： G01R33/32
CPC分类号： G01R33/561 , G01R33/4824 , G01R33/4836 , G01R33/5611 , G01R33/5612
摘要： A system and method is provided for simultaneously designing a radiofrequency (“RF”) pulse waveform and a magnetic field gradient waveform in a magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) system. The method includes determining a desired pattern of RF excitation and determining, from the desired pattern of RF excitation, a plurality of k-space locations indicative of the magnetic field gradient waveform and a plurality of complex weighting factors indicative of RF energy deposited at each k-space location. The method also includes calculating, from the determined k-space locations, the magnetic field gradient waveform and calculating, from the complex weighting factors, the RF pulse waveform that will produce the desired pattern of RF excitation when produced with the calculated magnetic field gradient.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种在磁共振成像（“MRI”）系统中同时设计射频（“RF”）脉冲波形和磁场梯度波形的系统和方法。 该方法包括确定期望的RF激励模式，并根据所需的RF激励模式确定表示磁场梯度波形的多个k空间位置以及指示在每个k处沉积RF能量的多个复加权系数 - 空间位置。 该方法还包括从确定的k空间位置计算磁场梯度波形，并从复数加权因子计算当用所计算的磁场梯度产生时将产生期望的RF激励模式的RF脉冲波形。
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