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公开(公告)号：US4017571A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-12
申请号：US346999
申请日：1973-04-02
CPC分类号： B29C44/12 , B01D39/2027 , B01D39/2051 , B01D39/2093 , B22F3/1112 , B01D2239/0471 , B01D2239/10 , B01D2239/1208 , B01D2239/1241
摘要： The preparation of three dimensional skeletal structures using the step of deforming rounded beads to form a mold or matrix is described. A filler material is introduced and then rigidified to form the skeletal structure. The deformable beads are composed of materials which deform upon compression or expansion due to pressure from adjacent beads and included, for instance, metals, waxes, salts, polymers, and ceramic compositions in their plasticly deformable states. The filler material which rigidifies to form the skeletal structure can be composed of solidifiable materials such as metals, polymers, or ceramic compositions. The solid material volume of the skeletal structure so formed upon removal of the beads is between about two percent (2%) to twenty percent (20%) of a corresponding volume of a non-skeletal solid material. The corresponding porosities representing the interconnected void volumes are between about eighty percent (80%) and ninety-eight percent (98%) of a corresponding volume of a non-skeletal solid material. The skeletal structures so formed can be flexible, semiflexible or rigid and are useful as heat exchangers, catalyst supports, distillation tower packings, filters and the like.
摘要翻译： 描述了使用使圆珠变形以形成模具或基质的步骤的三维骨架结构的制备。 引入填充材料然后硬化以形成骨架结构。 可变形的珠粒由在压缩或膨胀时由于相邻珠粒的压力而变形的材料组成，并且包括例如金属，蜡，盐，聚合物和陶瓷组合物处于其可塑性变形状态。 硬化以形成骨架结构的填料可以由可固化的材料如金属，聚合物或陶瓷组合物组成。 在除去珠子之后形成的骨架结构的固体材料体积为相应体积的非骨骼固体材料的约2％（2％）至20％（20％）。 表示相互连接的空隙体积的相应的孔隙度是相应体积的非骨架固体材料的约80％（80％）和98％（98％）。 如此形成的骨架结构可以是柔性的，半刚性的或刚性的，并且可用作热交换器，催化剂载体，蒸馏塔填料，过滤器等。
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公开(公告)号：US4017570A
公开(公告)日：1977-04-12
申请号：US346998
申请日：1973-04-02
CPC分类号： B29C44/12 , B01D39/2037 , B01D39/2051 , B01D39/2093 , B22F3/1112 , B01D2239/0471
摘要： The preparation of three dimensional skeletal structures using the step of deforming rounded beads to form a mold or matrix is described. A filler material is introduced and then rigidified to form the skeletal structure. The deformable beads are composed of materials which deform upon compression or expansion due to pressure from adjacent beads and included, for instance, metals, waxes, salts, polymers, and ceramic compositions in their plasticly deformable states. The filler material which rigidifies to form the skeletal structure can be composed of solidifiable materials such as metals, polymers, or ceramic compositions. The solid material volume of the skeletal structure so formed upon removal of the beads is between about 2% to 20% of a corresponding volume of a non-skeletal solid material. The corresponding porosities representing the interconnected void volumes are between about 80% and 98% of a corresponding volume of a non-skeletal solid material. The skeletal structures so formed can be flexible, semiflexible or rigid and are useful as heat exchangers, catalyst supports, distillation tower packings, filters and the like.
摘要翻译： 描述了使用使圆珠变形以形成模具或基质的步骤的三维骨架结构的制备。 引入填充材料然后硬化以形成骨架结构。 可变形的珠粒由在压缩或膨胀时由于相邻珠粒的压力而变形的材料组成，并且包括例如金属，蜡，盐，聚合物和陶瓷组合物处于其可塑性变形状态。 硬化以形成骨架结构的填料可以由可固化的材料如金属，聚合物或陶瓷组合物组成。 在除去珠子之后形成的骨架结构的固体材料体积为相应体积的非骨骼固体材料的约2％至20％。 表示相互连接的空隙体积的相应的孔隙度是相应体积的非骨架固体材料的约80％至98％。 如此形成的骨架结构可以是柔性的，半刚性的或刚性的，并且可用作热交换器，催化剂载体，蒸馏塔填料，过滤器等。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4106970A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US828349
申请日：1977-08-29
CPC分类号： B29C66/8322 , B29C44/10 , B29C65/022 , B29C65/024 , B29C65/10 , B29C66/69 , B29C66/73921 , B29C66/8161 , B29C66/8242 , B29C67/205 , B29C70/28 , B29C66/71
摘要： An improved method is described for thermally bonding contacting pieces of a thermoplastic material provided in a variable volume confined space surrounded by a combustible gas. The combustible gas is ignited and explosion diffused externally of the pieces of thermoplastic material and thus heats the pieces without damage sufficiently to produce interbonding when the heated pieces are compacted in the confined space. The heated pieces are compacted isostatically or non-isostatically using various apparatus which reduce the volume of the confined space. Preferably a moveable piston is provided in a cylinder to form the confined space for the pieces. The driving means for the piston can be a combustible gas which is ignited or non-combustible gas under pressure or a resilient means or other mechanical means. The products of the method are in the form of a porous mass composed of the interbonded pieces which are undamaged by the explosion.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种改进的方法，用于热粘合由可燃气体围绕的可变容积密闭空间中的热塑性材料的接触片。 可燃气体被点燃并且爆炸扩散在热塑性材料片的外部，从而加热件而不损伤，当加热件在密闭空间内压实时产生粘结。 使用减少限制空间的体积的各种装置，均匀地或不均匀地压实加热件。 优选地，可动活塞设置在气缸中以形成用于碎片的限制空间。 用于活塞的驱动装置可以是可燃气体，其是在压力下被点燃或不可燃气体或弹性装置或其它机械装置。 该方法的产品是由不受爆炸破坏的粘合片组成的多孔质量的形式。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus utilizing a porous vitreous carbon body particularly for fluid heating 失效利用多孔玻璃碳体特别是流体加热的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4220846A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-02
申请号：US928051
申请日：1978-07-26
CPC分类号： H01C17/20 , F24H3/0405 , F24H9/1863 , H05B3/145
摘要： A body of a specially prepared, porous vitreous carbon which does not crack or substantially change in electrical resistance with time when heated to elevated temperatures in air and which is used in a method or apparatus to heat a fluid stream flowing in the pores of the body as a result of natural convection or pumping of the fluid is described. The body is composed of electrically conductive rigid, interconnected and multidirectional continuous strands of vitreous carbon forming a rigid porous, three dimensional skeletal structure. The body as an electrical resistance element has current conductive paths between at least two regions; is shaped to provide particular cross-sections along the conductive paths; and has electrical connector means attached at the regions of the body so that current can be distributed through the body. The electrical resistance element is particularly useful as a heating element for air flowing through the pores in electrically powered room space heaters, hair dryers, hand dryers and the like and can also function as a self-cooling resistor. In a like manner, electromagnetic energy is used to heat a body of the porous vitreous carbon so as to heat a fluid stream flowing through the pores.
摘要翻译： 一种特殊制备的多孔玻璃碳体，其在空气中加热至高温时不会破裂或电阻随时间显着变化，并且用于加热在身体孔中流动的流体流的方法或装置 描述了流体的自然对流或泵送的结果。 身体由导电刚性，互连和多向连续的玻璃碳链组成，形成刚性多孔，三维骨架结构。 作为电阻元件的主体在至少两个区域之间具有电流导电路径; 成形为沿着导电路径提供特定的横截面; 并且具有附接在身体的区域处的电连接器装置，使得电流可以通过身体分布。 电阻元件特别可用作用于电动室内空间加热器，吹风机，干手器等中的空气的空气的加热元件，并且还可以用作自冷却电阻器。 以类似的方式，使用电磁能来加热多孔玻璃碳体，以便加热流过孔的流体流。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4155795A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-22
申请号：US864267
申请日：1977-12-27
CPC分类号： B29C66/8322 , B29C44/10 , B29C65/022 , B29C65/024 , B29C65/10 , B29C66/69 , B29C66/73921 , B29C66/8161 , B29C66/8242 , B29C67/205 , B29C70/28 , B29C66/71
摘要： An improved method is described for thermally bonding contacting pieces of a thermoplastic material provided in a variable volume confined space surrounded by a combustible gas. The combustible gas is ignited and explosion diffused externally of the pieces of thermoplastic material and thus heats the pieces without damage sufficiently to produce interbonding when the heated pieces are compacted in the confined space. The heated pieces are compacted isostatically or non-isostatically using various apparatus which reduce the volume of the confined space. Preferably a moveable piston is provided in a cylinder to form the confined space for the pieces. The driving means for the piston can be a combustible gas which is ignited or non-combustible gas under pressure or a resilient means or other mechanical means. The products of the method are in the form of a porous mass composed of the interbonded pieces which are undamaged by the explosion.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种改进的方法，用于热粘合由可燃气体围绕的可变容积密闭空间中的热塑性材料的接触片。 可燃气体被点燃并且爆炸扩散在热塑性材料片的外部，从而加热件而不损伤，当加热件在密闭空间内压实时产生粘结。 使用减少限制空间的体积的各种装置，均匀地或不均匀地压实加热件。 优选地，可动活塞设置在气缸中以形成用于碎片的限制空间。 用于活塞的驱动装置可以是可燃气体，其是在压力下被点燃或不可燃气体或弹性装置或其它机械装置。 该方法的产品是由不受爆炸破坏的粘合片组成的多孔质量的形式。
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6.发明授权Method utilizing a porous vitreous carbon body particularly for fluid heating 失效利用多孔玻璃碳体的方法，特别是用于流体加热的方法
公开(公告)号：US4334350A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-15
申请号：US128191
申请日：1980-03-07
CPC分类号： F24H3/0405 , F24H9/1863 , H01C7/00 , H05B3/145 , Y10T29/49083 , Y10T29/49098
摘要： A method for the heating of a fluid stream flowing in the pores of a body of specially prepared porous reticulated vitreous carbon which does not crack or substantially change in electrical resistance with time when heated to elevated temperature in air is described. The body is composed of electrically conductive rigid, interconnected and multidirectional continuous strands of vitreous carbon forming a rigid porous, three dimensional skeletal structure. The body as an electrical resistance element has current conductive paths between at least two regions; is shaped to provide particular cross-sections along the conductive paths; and has electrical connector means attached at the regions of the body so that current can be distributed through the body. The electrical resistance element is particularly useful as a heating element for air flowing through the pores in electrically powered room space heaters, hair dryers, hand dryers and the like and can also function as a self-cooling resistor. In a like manner, electromagnetic energy is used to heat a body of the porous vitreous carbon so as to heat a fluid stream flowing through the pores.
摘要翻译： 描述了当在空气中加热到升高的温度时，加热在特殊制备的多孔网状玻璃碳体的孔中流动的流体流的方法，该多孔网状玻璃碳不会随时间而开裂或基本上改变电阻。 身体由导电刚性，互连和多向连续的玻璃碳链组成，形成刚性多孔，三维骨架结构。 作为电阻元件的主体在至少两个区域之间具有电流导电路径; 成形为沿着导电路径提供特定的横截面; 并且具有附接在身体的区域处的电连接器装置，使得电流可以通过身体分布。 电阻元件特别可用作用于电动室内空间加热器，吹风机，干手器等中的空气的空气的加热元件，并且还可以用作自冷却电阻器。 以类似的方式，使用电磁能来加热多孔玻璃碳体，以便加热流过孔的流体流。
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7.发明授权Method and apparatus utilizing a porous vitreous carbon body particularly for fluid heating 失效利用多孔玻璃碳体特别是流体加热的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4310747A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-12
申请号：US128193
申请日：1980-03-07
CPC分类号： H01C7/00 , F24H3/0405 , F24H9/1863 , H05B3/145
摘要： A body of a specially prepared, porous vitreous carbon which does not crack or substantially change in electrical resistance with time when heated to elevated temperatures in air and which is used in a method or apparatus to heat a fluid stream flowing in the pores of the body as a result of natural convection or pumping of the fluid is described. The body is composed of electrically conductive rigid, interconnected and multidirectional continuous strands of vitreous carbon forming a rigid porous, three dimensional skeletal structure. The body as an electrical resistance element has current conductive paths between at least two regions; is shaped to provide particular cross-sections along the conductive paths; and has electrical connector means attached at the regions of the body so that current can be distributed through the body. The electrical resistance element is particularly useful as a heating element for air flowing through the pores in electrically powered room space heaters, hair dryers, hand dryers and the like and can also function as a self-cooling resistor. In a like manner, electromagnetic energy is used to heat a body of the porous vitreous carbon so as to heat a fluid stream flowing through the pores.
摘要翻译： 一种特殊制备的多孔玻璃碳体，其在空气中加热至高温时不会破裂或电阻随时间显着变化，并且用于加热在身体孔中流动的流体流的方法或装置 描述了流体的自然对流或泵送的结果。 身体由导电刚性，互连和多向连续的玻璃碳链组成，形成刚性多孔，三维骨架结构。 作为电阻元件的主体在至少两个区域之间具有电流导电路径; 成形为沿着导电路径提供特定的横截面; 并且具有附接在身体的区域处的电连接器装置，使得电流可以通过身体分布。 电阻元件特别可用作用于电动室内空间加热器，吹风机，干手器等中的空气的空气的加热元件，并且还可以用作自冷却电阻器。 以类似的方式，电磁能用于加热多孔玻璃碳体，以便加热流过孔的流体流。
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公开(公告)号：US4067956A
公开(公告)日：1978-01-10
申请号：US730830
申请日：1976-10-08
IPC分类号： C04B38/06 , B01J21/18 , C01B31/00 , C01B31/02 , C01B31/14 , C04B35/52 , C04B35/524 , C04B38/00 , H01M4/64
CPC分类号： C04B35/522 , B01J21/18 , C01B31/00 , C01B31/14 , C04B35/524 , C04B38/0022 , H01M4/64 , C04B2111/00793 , C04B2111/0081 , C04B2111/94 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A reticulated anisotropic porous carbon structure composed of bent or crimped interconnected and continuous strands is described. The structure is isomorphic with the compression bent strands of the flexible reticulated polyurethane structure from which it is derived. The structure compression can be sufficient for interbonding of the bent strands which overlay each other or the bent strands can be essentially free of bonding to adjacent strands. The carbon structure is derived by providing a compressed reticulated anisotropic polyurethane structure composed of the bent strands which is then infused with a liquid thermosetting resin or resin solution or resin precursor, removing any excess liquid resin or resin precursor or resin solution from the surfaces of the strands; and then carbonizing the infused strands at an elevated temperature. The reticulated carbon structures so formed are relatively unreactive, even at very high temperatures, under reducing or neutral conditions and are particularly useful as corrosive and high temperature material filters, battery electrodes, porous catalysts or catalyst supports as well as for making carbide containing articles by infusion of the pores with a carbide forming metal or cladding thereof such as with carbide or nitride coatings by chemical vapor deposition and the like.
摘要翻译： 描述了由弯曲或卷曲的互连和连续的股线构成的网状各向异性多孔碳结构。 该结构与其衍生的柔性网状聚氨酯结构的压缩弯曲股线是同构的。 结构压缩对于彼此重叠的弯曲的线束的相互粘结可以是足够的，或者弯曲的线束可以基本上不与相邻的线束结合。 碳结构是通过提供由弯曲的线构成的压缩的网状各向异性聚氨酯结构而得到的，然后将其注入液态热固性树脂或树脂溶液或树脂前体，从其表面除去多余的液体树脂或树脂前体或树脂溶液 股 然后在升高的温度下对输注的链进行碳化。 这样形成的网状碳结构即使在非常高的温度下，在还原或中性条件下也是相对不反应的，并且特别适用于腐蚀性和高温的材料过滤器，电池电极，多孔催化剂或催化剂载体，以及通过 用碳化物形成金属或其包层如碳化物或氮化物涂层通过化学气相沉积等输入孔。
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公开(公告)号：US4801020A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-31
申请号：US040604
申请日：1987-04-21
CPC分类号： G01N29/27 , G01B5/0002 , G01N27/9026
摘要： An apparatus wherein a spherical object is rotated on its equatorial axis (b-b) and its polar axis (a-a) adjacent a sensor (s) for detecting defects is described. The roller shaft (128) has spherical projections (129 and 130) and spaced apart parallel spindles or shafts (127) with a ball support (131) which provides centering of the spherical object or ball (B) regardless of the diameter. Preferably multiple test cage assemblies (12) are used for balls of various sizes to insure stability of the ball during testing. The apparatus is particularly used for testing of ballbearings for defects.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种装置，其中球面物体在其赤道轴线（b-b）上旋转，并且其邻近传感器的极轴（a-a）用于检测缺陷。 辊轴（128）具有球形突起（129和130）和间隔开的平行主轴或轴（127），球形支撑件（131）提供球形物体或球（B）的中心，而与直径无关。 优选地，多个测试笼组件（12）用于各种尺寸的球以确保球在测试期间的稳定性。 该装置特别用于测试缺陷的球形件。
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公开(公告)号：US4022875A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-10
申请号：US634615
申请日：1975-11-24
IPC分类号： C04B35/524 , C04B38/00 , C01B31/00 , C01B31/02
CPC分类号： C04B35/524 , C04B38/0022
摘要： A rapid method for forming vitreous carbon foams from flexible polyurethane foams having membranes dividing contiguous cells, which faithfully reproduces the geometry of the uncarbonized polyurethane foams, by infusing the polyurethane foams with substantially unresinified or unpolymerized furfuryl alcohol which is capable of resinification at temperatures above room temperature is described. An important step in the method which permits rapid carbonization without cracking and which is essential to faithful foam geometry reproduction is the substantial removal of the liquid non-infused furfuryl alcohol from the polyurethane foam surfaces after the infusion or swelling step. The carbonized foam is in the form of vitreous, disordered or glassy carbon and is particularly useful for corrosive and/or high temperature applications such as insulation, corrosion resistant chemical processing components and the like.
摘要翻译： 一种用于形成玻璃碳泡沫的快速方法，该柔性聚氨酯泡沫具有分隔相邻细胞的膜，其忠实地再现了未碳化聚氨酯泡沫的几何形状，通过将聚氨酯泡沫与基本上未稠化或未聚合的糠醇进行混合，所述糠醇能够在高于室温 描述温度。 允许快速碳化而不开裂并且对于忠实的泡沫几何形状重现是必需的方法中的重要步骤是在输注或溶胀步骤之后从聚氨酯泡沫表面实质上去除液体未投入的糠醇。 碳化泡沫体为玻璃质，无序或玻璃状碳的形式，并且特别适用于腐蚀性和/或高温应用，如绝缘，耐腐蚀化学处理组分等。
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