公开(公告)号：US5162271A

公开(公告)日：1992-11-10

申请号：US669133

申请日：1991-03-13

Applicant: Harry W. Carpenter ,  James W. Bohlen ,  Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Harry W. Carpenter ,  James W. Bohlen ,  Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/45 ,  C04B41/52 ,  C04B41/81 ,  C04B41/88 ,  C04B41/89

CPC classification number: C04B41/009 ,  C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/4584 ,  C04B41/52 ,  C04B41/81 ,  C04B41/89 ,  Y10T428/2949 ,  Y10T428/2958

Abstract: A method of toughening a fiber/matrix ceramic composite consisting of non-oxide based ceramic fibers immersed in a ceramic matrix. The method includes, prior to immersing the fibers in the matrix, applying a metallo-organic solution of a noble metal to the fibers to form a coating of the solution on the fibers, evaporating the solvent from the solution and oxidizing the residual organic compounds whereby the coating becomes a pure noble metal and immersing the coated fibers in the matrix. The applying, evaporating, oxidizing and immersing steps are characterized by a limited raising of the temperature of the fibers. The coating is ductile so as to blunt advancing cracks in the matrix.

Abstract translation: 一种增强由浸在陶瓷基体中的非氧化物基陶瓷纤维组成的纤维/基质陶瓷复合材料的方法。 该方法包括在将纤维浸入基质之前，将金属有机金属溶液施加到纤维上以在纤维上形成溶液的涂层，从溶液中蒸发溶剂并氧化残余的有机化合物，由此 涂层变成纯贵金属，并将涂覆的纤维浸入基质中。 施加，蒸发，氧化和浸渍步骤的特征在于有限的纤维温度升高。 涂层是延展性的，从而使矩阵中的前进裂纹钝化。

公开(公告)号：US5221578A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-22

申请号：US669138

申请日：1991-03-13

Applicant: Harry W. Carpenter ,  James W. Bohlen ,  Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Harry W. Carpenter ,  James W. Bohlen ,  Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/45 ,  C04B41/87

CPC classification number: C04B41/009 ,  C04B35/80 ,  C04B41/4584 ,  C04B2111/00405 ,  Y10T428/2918 ,  Y10T428/292 ,  Y10T428/2933 ,  Y10T428/2938 ,  Y10T428/2942 ,  Y10T428/2949

Abstract: A ceramic fiber/ceramic matrix composite has ceramic fibers and a porous coating on the fibers. A ceramic matrix contacts the porous coating, the fiber and coating being immersed in the ceramic matrix. The porous coating is selected from the group including Si.sub.3 N.sub.4, SiC, ZrO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, SnO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5. The pores are generally empty so as to render the coating frangible to promote fiber de-bonding and pull-out in the wake of an advancing crack in the matrix. In order to keep the pores empty, a non-porous sealing layer is formed over the porous coating which closes the pores without filling them. The ceramic matrix remains generally outside of the pores, whereby said pores remain empty after the fiber and coating are immersed in the ceramic matrix.

Abstract translation: 陶瓷纤维/陶瓷基复合材料在纤维上具有陶瓷纤维和多孔涂层。 陶瓷基体与多孔涂层接触，将纤维和涂层浸入陶瓷基体中。 多孔涂层选自包括Si 3 N 4，SiC，ZrO 2，Al 2 O 3，SnO 2和Ta 2 O 5的组。 毛孔通常是空的，以便使涂层易于在基体中前进的裂纹之后促进纤维脱粘和拉出。 为了保持孔隙空洞，在多孔涂层上形成无孔密封层，其封闭孔而不填充它们。 陶瓷基体通常保留在孔的外部，由此在将纤维和涂层浸入陶瓷基质中之后，所述孔保持空。

公开(公告)号：US07479302B2

公开(公告)日：2009-01-20

申请号：US10865772

申请日：2004-06-14

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C23C16/00

CPC classification number: B23P15/008 ,  F02K9/64 ,  F28D7/0041 ,  F28F21/04 ,  Y10T428/13 ,  Y10T428/131 ,  Y10T428/1314

Abstract: An actively-cooled, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composite thrust chamber for liquid rocket propulsion systems is designed and produced with internal cooling channels. The monocoque tubular structure consists of an inner wall, which is fully integrated to an outer wall via radial coupling webs. Segmented annular void spaces between the inner wall, outer wall and adjoining radial webs form the internal trapezoidal-shaped cooling channel passages of the tubular heat exchanger. The manufacturing method enables producing any general tubular shell geometry ranging from simple cylindrical heat exchanger tubes to complex converging-diverging, Delaval-type nozzle structures with an annular array of internal cooling channels. The manufacturing method allows for transitioning the tubular shell structure from a two-dimensional circular geometry to a three-dimensional rectangular geometry. The method offers the flexibility of producing internal cooling channels of either constant or continuously variable cross-sectional area, in addition to orienting the cooling channels either axially, helically or sinusoidally (e.g., undulating) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tubular shell structure with without significant added manufacturing complication.

Abstract translation: 用于液体火箭推进系统的主动冷却的纤维增强陶瓷基体复合推进室由内部冷却通道设计和生产。 单壳式管状结构由内壁组成，内壁通过径向联接网完全集成到外壁。 在内壁，外壁和相邻的径向腹板之间的分段的环形空隙形成管状热交换器的内部梯形形状的冷却通道通道。 该制造方法能够产生从简单的圆柱形换热器管到具有内部冷却通道的环形阵列的复合会聚发散的Delaval型喷嘴结构的任何通用的管状壳体几何形状。 制造方法允许将管状壳结构从二维圆形几何转变为三维矩形几何形状。 除了将冷却通道相对于管状壳结构的纵向轴线，螺旋或正弦（例如起伏）定向以外，该方法提供了产生恒定或连续可变横截面面积的内部冷却通道的灵活性 没有显着增加制造并发症。

公开(公告)号：US5480707A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-02

申请号：US132671

申请日：1993-10-06

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/628 ,  C04B35/80 ,  D03D3/00 ,  C04B35/03 ,  C04B35/52

CPC classification number: C04B35/62873 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/6286 ,  C04B35/62863 ,  C04B35/62884 ,  C04B35/62897 ,  C04B35/806 ,  C04B2235/5224 ,  C04B2235/5244 ,  C04B2235/5248 ,  C04B2235/5268 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/96 ,  Y10S428/902 ,  Y10T428/2938 ,  Y10T442/2148 ,  Y10T442/2557 ,  Y10T442/2975 ,  Y10T442/3528 ,  Y10T442/59

Abstract: A fiber reinforced ceramic composite material exhibiting high tensile strength, high fracture toughness and high-temperature oxidation resistance is produced by simultaneously depositing a thin coating layer of refractory metal carbide with fugitive carbon onto the fiber reinforcement prior to the subsequent densification with the ceramic matrix. The energy behind propagating matrix cracks in the resulting composite material are effectively dissipated by crack deflection/branching, fiber debonding and frictional slip through the relatively weak and compliant fiber coating layer. These energy release and arrest mechanisms sufficiently impede the driving force behind unstable crack propagation and render the cracks non-critical, thereby serving to blunt and/or divert propagating matrix cracks at or around the reinforcing fiber. While significantly increasing the strength and fracture toughness of the composite, the compliant refractory fiber coating system enables the composite to remain oxidatively stable when stressed at or beyond the matrix cracking stress point and subsequently exposed to temperatures above 800.degree. C. in air.

Abstract translation: 通过在随后用陶瓷基体致密化之前，同时在纤维增强层上沉积具有耐火金属碳化物的薄涂层，将耐火金属碳化物的薄涂层同时沉积在纤维增强体上，形成显示出高拉伸强度，高断裂韧性和高温抗氧化性的纤维增强陶瓷复合材料。 所得复合材料中传播的基体裂纹后的能量通过裂纹偏转/分支，纤维脱粘和摩擦滑移有效地消散，通过相对较弱且柔顺的纤维涂层。 这些能量释放和阻止机制充分阻碍了不稳定裂纹扩展后的驱动力，使裂纹非关键，从而在增强纤维或其附近钝化和/或转移传播的基质裂纹。 同时显着提高复合材料的强度和断裂韧性，柔性耐火纤维涂层系统使复合材料在受到基体裂纹应力点应力或超过基体裂纹应力点时保持氧化稳定性，随后在空气中暴露于高于800℃的温度。

公开(公告)号：US5455106A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-03

申请号：US132524

申请日：1993-10-06

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/628 ,  C04B35/80 ,  D03D3/00 ,  C04B35/03 ,  C04B35/08 ,  D02G3/00

CPC classification number: C04B35/62873 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/62863 ,  C04B35/62884 ,  C04B35/62897 ,  C04B35/806 ,  C04B2235/5224 ,  C04B2235/5244 ,  C04B2235/5248 ,  C04B2235/5268 ,  C04B2235/614 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/96 ,  Y10S428/902 ,  Y10T428/2938 ,  Y10T442/2107 ,  Y10T442/2557 ,  Y10T442/2975

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composite material exhibiting high tensile strength, high fracture toughness and high-temperature oxidation resistance is produced by alternatively depositing multiple thin layers of ceramic material separated by very thin intermediate layers of fugitive carbon onto the fiber reinforcement prior to the subsequent densification with the ceramic matrix. The energy behind propagating matrix cracks in the resulting composite material are effectively dissipated by the progressive increase in crack deflection/branching and frictional slip through the successive ceramic layers of the multilayer fiber coating system. These energy release and arrest mechanisms sufficiently impede the driving force behind unstable crack propagation and render the cracks non-critical, thereby serving to blunt and/or divert propagating matrix cracks at or around the reinforcing fiber. While significantly increasing the strength and fracture toughness of the composite, the multilayer refractory fiber coating system enables the composite to remain oxidatively stable when stressed at or beyond the matrix cracking stress point and subsequently exposed to temperatures above 800.degree. C. in air.

Abstract translation: 通过交替地将由非常薄的中间层的缓冲性碳分离的多个陶瓷材料薄层交替地沉积到纤维增强材料之前，形成具有高拉伸强度，高断裂韧性和高温抗氧化性的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料 随后用陶瓷基体致密化。 通过多层纤维涂层系统的连续陶瓷层的裂纹偏转/分支和摩擦滑移的逐渐增加，所得复合材料中传播的基体裂纹的能量被有效地消散。 这些能量释放和阻止机制充分阻碍了不稳定裂纹扩展后的驱动力，使裂纹非关键，从而在增强纤维或其附近钝化和/或转移传播的基质裂纹。 同时显着提高复合材料的强度和断裂韧性，多层耐火纤维涂层系统能够使复合材料在基体裂纹应力点或以上受应力时保持氧化稳定性，随后在空气中暴露于高于800℃的温度。

公开(公告)号：US5337974A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-16

申请号：US868508

申请日：1992-04-15

Applicant: William E. Rumberger ,  Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： William E. Rumberger ,  Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: B64C3/40 ,  B64C3/56

CPC classification number: B64C3/56 ,  B64C3/40

Abstract: An aircraft wing pivot structure is described which provides a flexible ring attached to the aircraft wing at flexible wing attachment points by spherical bearings. The ring is attached to the fuselage of the aircraft by pins fixed to the fuselage and fittings partially enclosing sliding shoes formed at the bottom edge of the ring to allow rotation of the wing. The wing is locked in the flight position by retractable pins connected to the primary fuselage attachment fittings. The ring is a unitary stainless structure which accepts wing strains induced by flight loads by flexing at the wing attachment points. The use of a flexible ring eliminates truss-like members mounted on spherical bearings used in conventional designs. The elimination of a substantial number of components by the use of a flexible ring substantially reduces the weight of the aircraft and improves the reliability.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种飞机机翼枢轴结构，其提供通过球面轴承在柔性翼连接点处附接到飞机机翼的柔性环。 该环通过固定在机身上的销钉固定在飞机的机身上，部分地封闭形成在环的底部边缘处的滑动鞋，以允许机翼旋转。 机翼通过连接到主机身附件的可伸缩销锁定在飞行位置。 环是一个单一的不锈钢结构，通过在翼连接点弯曲，接受由飞行载荷引起的翼应变。 使用柔性环消除了安装在常规设计中使用的球面轴承上的桁架状构件。 通过使用柔性环消除大量的部件大大降低了飞行器的重量并提高了可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US5558907A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US525846

申请日：1995-09-08

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/628 ,  C04B35/80 ,  B05D3/02

CPC classification number: C04B35/62873 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/6286 ,  C04B35/62863 ,  C04B35/62884 ,  C04B35/62897 ,  C04B35/806 ,  C04B2235/5224 ,  C04B2235/5244 ,  C04B2235/5248 ,  C04B2235/5268 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/96 ,  Y10S428/902 ,  Y10T428/2938 ,  Y10T442/2148 ,  Y10T442/2557 ,  Y10T442/2975 ,  Y10T442/3528 ,  Y10T442/59

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced ceramic composite material exhibiting high tensile strength, high fracture toughness and high-temperature oxidation resistance is produced by simultaneously depositing a thin coating layer of refractory metal carbide with fugitive carbon onto the fiber reinforcement prior to the subsequent densification with the ceramic matrix. The energy behind propagating matrix cracks in the resulting composite material are effectively dissipated by crack deflection/branching, fiber debonding and frictional slip through the relatively weak and compliant fiber coating layer. These energy release and arrest mechanisms sufficiently impede the driving force behind unstable crack propagation and render the cracks non-critical, thereby serving to blunt and/or divert propagating matrix cracks at or around the reinforcing fiber. While significantly increasing the strength and fracture toughness of the composite, the compliant refractory fiber coating system enables the composite to remain oxidatively stable when stressed at or beyond the matrix cracking stress point and subsequently exposed to temperatures above 800.degree. C. in air,

Abstract translation: 通过在随后用陶瓷基体致密化之前，同时在纤维增强材料上沉积具有耐火金属的耐火金属碳化物的薄涂层，以显示高拉伸强度，高断裂韧性和高温抗氧化性的纤维增强陶瓷复合材料 。 所得复合材料中传播的基体裂纹后的能量通过裂纹偏转/分支，纤维脱粘和摩擦滑移有效地消散，通过相对较弱且柔顺的纤维涂层。 这些能量释放和阻止机制充分阻碍了不稳定裂纹扩展后的驱动力，使裂纹非关键，从而在增强纤维或其附近钝化和/或转移传播的基质裂纹。 虽然复合材料的强度和断裂韧性显着增加，但耐磨纤维涂层系统使复合材料在基体裂纹应力点或以上受应力时仍保持氧化稳定性，随后在空气中暴露于高于800℃的温度，

公开(公告)号：US5545435A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US525847

申请日：1995-09-08

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: C04B35/628 ,  C04B35/80 ,  C23C16/00

CPC classification number: C04B35/62873 ,  C04B35/565 ,  C04B35/62863 ,  C04B35/62884 ,  C04B35/62897 ,  C04B35/806 ,  C04B2235/5224 ,  C04B2235/5244 ,  C04B2235/5248 ,  C04B2235/5268 ,  C04B2235/614 ,  C04B2235/77 ,  C04B2235/96 ,  Y10S428/902 ,  Y10T428/2938 ,  Y10T442/2107 ,  Y10T442/2557 ,  Y10T442/2975

Abstract: A fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composite material exhibiting high tensile strength, high fracture toughness and high-temperature oxidation resistance is produced by alternatively depositing multiple thin layers of ceramic material separated by very thin intermediate layers of fugitive carbon onto the fiber reinforcement prior to the subsequent densification with the ceramic matrix. The energy behind propagating matrix cracks in the resulting composite material are effectively dissipated by the progressive increase in crack deflection/branching and frictional slip through the successive ceramic layers of the multilayer fiber coating system. These energy release and arrest mechanisms sufficiently impede the driving force behind unstable crack propagation and render the cracks non-critical, thereby serving to blunt and/or divert propagating matrix cracks at or around the reinforcing fiber. While significantly increasing the strength and fracture toughness of the composite, the multilayer refractory fiber coating system enables the composite to remain oxidatively stable when stressed at or beyond the matrix cracking stress point and subsequently exposed to temperatures above 800.degree. C. in air.

Abstract translation: 通过交替地将由非常薄的中间层的缓冲性碳分离的多个陶瓷材料薄层交替地沉积到纤维增强材料之前，形成具有高拉伸强度，高断裂韧性和高温抗氧化性的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料 随后用陶瓷基体致密化。 通过多层纤维涂层系统的连续陶瓷层的裂纹偏转/分支和摩擦滑移的逐渐增加，所得复合材料中传播的基体裂纹的能量被有效地消散。 这些能量释放和阻止机制充分阻碍了不稳定裂纹扩展后的驱动力，使裂纹非关键，从而在增强纤维或其附近钝化和/或转移传播的基质裂纹。 同时显着提高复合材料的强度和断裂韧性，多层耐火纤维涂层系统能够使复合材料在基体裂纹应力点或以上受应力时保持氧化稳定性，随后在空气中暴露于高于800℃的温度。

公开(公告)号：US07988395B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-02

申请号：US12321638

申请日：2009-01-23

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: F16B35/02

CPC classification number: F16B33/006 ,  F16B3/00 ,  F16B5/02 ,  Y10S411/904 ,  Y10T403/18

Abstract: A relatively low cost, lightweight and thermal stress-free mechanical fastener system having particular application for reliably joining together high temperature structural members (e.g., a pair of flat fiber-reinforced ceramic composite plates). The mechanical fastener system includes a ceramic composite fastener having a semi-circular head at one end to be countersunk in the structural members to be joined together and a dove tail retention feature formed in the shank or root at the opposite end. The composite fastener has a 2-dimensional (i.e., flat) profile that facilitates an economic manufacture thereof from densified ceramic composite material. A matched pair of thread forms having external threads and an internal dove tail relief to match the dove tail retention feature at the root of the composite fastener is held in face-to-face mating engagement with one another so as to establish a mechanical interlock around the root of the composite fastener. A 2-dimensional ceramic backing washer has a rectangular center hole dimensioned to receive the root of the composite fastener therethrough. A nut having internal threads that correspond to the external threads of the pair of thread forms is rotated into surrounding engagement with the thread forms to prevent a removal of the composite fastener and a separation of the structural members.

Abstract translation: 具有用于将高温结构构件（例如，一对扁平纤维增强陶瓷复合板）可靠地接合在一起的具有相对低成本，轻质和无热应力的机械紧固件系统。 机械紧固件系统包括一个陶瓷复合紧固件，其一端具有半圆形的头部，以便沉入待结合的结构件中，并且在相对端形成在柄或根部中的鸠尾保持特征。 复合紧固件具有二维（即扁平）轮廓，其有助于从致密陶瓷复合材料经济地制造它。 一对匹配的螺纹形式具有外螺纹和内部鸽尾尾部浮雕以匹配复合紧固件根部处的鸠尾尾部保持特征彼此面对面配合接合，以便建立一个机械互锁 复合紧固件的根部。 二维陶瓷背衬垫圈具有矩形的中心孔，该中心孔的尺寸适于容纳通过其中的复合紧固件的根部。 具有对应于一对螺纹形式的外螺纹的内螺纹的螺母被旋转成与螺纹形状的周围接合，以防止复合紧固件的移除和结构构件的分离。

公开(公告)号：US20100189529A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-29

申请号：US12321638

申请日：2009-01-23

Applicant: Wayne S. Steffier

Inventor： Wayne S. Steffier

IPC: F16B33/02 ,  F16S1/00

CPC classification number: F16B33/006 ,  F16B3/00 ,  F16B5/02 ,  Y10S411/904 ,  Y10T403/18

Abstract: A relatively low cost, lightweight and thermal stress-free mechanical fastener system having particular application for reliably joining together high temperature structural members (e.g., a pair of flat fiber-reinforced ceramic composite plates). The mechanical fastener system includes a ceramic composite fastener having a semi-circular head at one end to be countersunk in the structural members to be joined together and a dove tail retention feature formed in the shank or root at the opposite end. The composite fastener has a 2-dimensional (i.e., flat) profile that facilitates an economic manufacture thereof from densified ceramic composite material. A matched pair of thread forms having external threads and an internal dove tail relief to match the dove tail retention feature at the root of the composite fastener is held in face-to-face mating engagement with one another so as to establish a mechanical interlock around the root of the composite fastener. A 2-dimensional ceramic backing washer has a rectangular center hole dimensioned to receive the root of the composite fastener therethrough. A nut having internal threads that correspond to the external threads of the pair of thread forms is rotated into surrounding engagement with the thread forms to prevent a removal of the composite fastener and a separation of the structural members.

Abstract translation: 具有用于将高温结构构件（例如，一对扁平纤维增强陶瓷复合板）可靠地接合在一起的具有相对低成本，轻质和无热应力的机械紧固件系统。 机械紧固件系统包括一个陶瓷复合紧固件，其一端具有半圆形的头部，以便沉入待结合的结构件中，并且在相对端形成在柄或根部中的鸠尾保持特征。 复合紧固件具有二维（即扁平）轮廓，其有助于从致密陶瓷复合材料经济地制造它。 一对匹配的螺纹形式具有外螺纹和内部鸽尾尾部浮雕以匹配复合紧固件根部处的鸠尾尾部保持特征彼此面对面配合接合，以便建立一个机械互锁 复合紧固件的根部。 二维陶瓷背衬垫圈具有矩形的中心孔，该中心孔的尺寸适于容纳通过其中的复合紧固件的根部。 具有对应于一对螺纹形式的外螺纹的内螺纹的螺母被旋转成与螺纹形状的周围接合，以防止复合紧固件的移除和结构构件的分离。