公开(公告)号：US4396299A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-02

申请号：US272204

申请日：1981-06-10

申请人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01N31/12 ,  G01N33/22 ,  G01F1/68

CPC分类号： G01N33/225

摘要： Disclosed are methods and apparatus for measuring and determining the total energy flow, that is, BTUs per minute, of combustible gas flowing through a line such as a pipeline. One method includes taking a continuous sample of the gas flowing through the line which sample is a constant proportion of the gas flowing through the line, and burning the sample in equipment which supplies air to the sample in an amount which maximizes its burning temperature. The flow rate of air which produces the maximum burning temperature of the sample is a flow rate which is directly proportional to the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. Alternately, the flow rate of air which produces a stoichiometric mixture is directly proportional to the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. Still further, if an excess of air is flowed to the flame, the amount of excess unconsumed oxygen is also a function of the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. One or another of these parameters is measured. Also disclosed is equipment capable of effectively performing the several steps of the method.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量和确定流经管线的可燃气体的总能量流量（即每分钟BTU）的方法和装置。 一种方法包括取出流过管线的气体的连续样品，样品是流过管线的气体的不变比例，并且将样品燃烧到以最大化其燃烧温度的量向样品供应空气的设备中。 产生样品最大燃烧温度的空气的流量是与主管道中的能量流量的速率成正比的流量。 或者，产生化学计量混合物的空气的流量与主管道中的能量流量的速率成正比。 此外，如果过量的空气流向火焰，则过量未消耗氧气的量也是主管道中的能量流量的函数。 测量这些参数中的一个或另一个。 还公开了能够有效地执行该方法的几个步骤的设备。

公开(公告)号：US5016482A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-21

申请号：US395135

申请日：1989-08-16

申请人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01N31/12 ,  G01N33/22

CPC分类号： G01N33/225 ,  Y10T137/2521

摘要： Disclosed is a method for taking a constantly proportional flowing sample of gas flowing through a line and which is part of measuring and determining the total energy flow, that is, BTUs per minute, of combustible gas flowing through a line such as a pipeline. One method includes taking a continuous sample of the gas flowing through the line which sample is a constant proportion of the gas flowing through the line, and burning the sample in equipment which supplies air to the sample in an amount which maximizes its burning temperature. The flow rate of air which produces the maximum burning temperature of the sample is a flow rate which is directly proportional to the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. Alternately, the flow rate of air which produces a stoichiometric mixture is directly proportional to the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. Still further, if an excess of air is flowed to the flame, the amount of excess unconsumed oxygen is also a function of the rate of energy flow in the main pipeline. One or another of these parameters is measured.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种采用流经管线的气体不断成比例的流动样品的方法，该方法是测量和确定流经管线的可燃气体的总能量流量（即每分钟BTU）的一部分。 一种方法包括取出流过管线的气体的连续样品，样品是流过管线的气体的恒定比例，并且将样品燃烧到以最大化其燃烧温度的量向样品供应空气的设备中。 产生样品最大燃烧温度的空气的流量是与主管道中的能量流量的速率成正比的流量。 或者，产生化学计量混合物的空气的流量与主管道中的能量流量的速率成正比。 此外，如果过量的空气流向火焰，则过量未消耗氧气的量也是主管道中的能量流量的函数。 测量这些参数中的一个或另一个。

公开(公告)号：US5224776A

公开(公告)日：1993-07-06

申请号：US752432

申请日：1991-08-15

申请人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01N25/30 ,  G01N33/22

CPC分类号： G01N25/30 ,  G01N33/225

摘要： A method and apparatus for determining the calorific value of a first combustible gas involves mixing the first combustible gas with a second combustible gas having a known calorific value and with a combustion supporting gas and burning the resulting mixture, detecting a property of the burning mixture indicative of whether the burning occurred at the stoichiometric point, adjusting the relative flow rates of the first and second combustible gases and the combustion supporting gas so that said burning occurs substantially at the stoichiometric point or at a selected offset from that point, and ascertaining the volume ratios of the gases at the adjusted flow rate to produce a value proportional to the overall calorific value of the mixture of the first and second combustible gases. Based on the foregoing, the contribution to the overall calorific value made by the second combustible gas having a known calorific value can be deleted to yield the calorific value of the first combustible gas.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US89 / 00778 Sec。 371日期1991年8月15日 102（e）日本1991年8月15日PCT 1989年2月24日PCT。用于确定第一可燃气体的热值的方法和装置包括将第一可燃气体与具有已知热值的第二可燃气体混合， 燃烧支持气体并燃烧所得混合物，检测燃烧混合物的性质，指示燃烧是否发生在化学计量点，调节第一和第二可燃性气体和燃烧支持气体的相对流量，使得发生燃烧 基本上在化学计量点或从该点开始选择的偏移，并且确定在调节的流速下气体的体积比，以产生与第一和第二可燃气体的混合物的总发热量成比例的值。 基于上述，可以删除对具有已知发热量的第二可燃性气体产生的总发热量的贡献，以产生第一可燃气体的发热量。

公开(公告)号：US5115687A

公开(公告)日：1992-05-26

申请号：US665354

申请日：1991-03-05

申请人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： William H. Clingman, Jr. ,  Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N31/12 ,  G01N33/22

CPC分类号： G01N33/225 ,  G01N1/2247 ,  G01N2001/225 ,  G01N33/22

摘要： Disclosed is a method and apparatus for taking a constantly proportional flowing sample of gas flowing through a main line having a first flow restriction therein. According to the teachings of the present of invention, such an apparatus includes a sample line connected to the main line so as to draw a flowing sample of gas from the main line at a point upstream from the first flow restriction; a second flow restriction in the sample line, the second flow restriction being very small relative to the main and sample lines and the first flow restriction; and structure that equalizes the pressure downstream of the first and second flow restrictions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于使流过其中具有第一流量限制的主线的气体不断成比例地流动的样品的方法和装置。 根据本发明的教导，这种装置包括连接到主线的采样线，以便在第一流量限制的上游点从主线抽取流动的气体样本; 在样品管线中的第二流量限制，第二流动限制相对于主要和取样管线以及第一流量限制非常小; 以及使第一和第二流量限制下游压力相等的结构。

公开(公告)号：US4677841A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-07

申请号：US836860

申请日：1986-03-06

申请人： Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01N9/26 ,  G01N9/32

CPC分类号： G01N9/266 ,  G01N9/32

摘要： Gas is vented through a very small orifice or pore with substantially stable pressures before and after the orifice. The orifice is designed so that the expansion through it is similar to a Joule-Thompson expansion of the gas. With ideal gas, this occurs isothermally. The flow through this orifice is determined for a selected pressure drop across it and the square of this flow is inversely proportional to the relative density. With real gases there is a slight error introduced due to a supercompressibility of the gas, but this is offset by an error in the opposite direction believed to be due to the Joule-Thompson cooling of the gas as it passes through the orifice. Substantially exact error cancellation is obtained within a preferred operating range of the pressure drop across the orifice for a given orifice diameter.

摘要翻译： 在孔之前和之后，气体通过非常小的孔或孔排放，具有基本上稳定的压力。 孔口的设计使得通过它的膨胀与气体的焦耳汤普森膨胀相似。 有理想的气体，这是等温线性的。 确定通过该孔的流量对于其上的选定压降，该流的平方与相对密度成反比。 由于真空气体由于气体的超压缩性而导致轻微的误差，而是被相反方向的误差所抵消，这被认为是由于当气体通过孔口时焦耳汤普森（Coule-Thompson）的冷却。 对于给定的孔直径，在孔的压降的预定操作范围内获得基本上精确的误差消除。

公开(公告)号：US4285245A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-25

申请号：US100918

申请日：1979-12-06

申请人： Lyn R. Kennedy

发明人： Lyn R. Kennedy

IPC分类号： G01F1/00 ,  G01F1/34 ,  G01F3/38

CPC分类号： G01F3/38

摘要： Disclosed is a method and apparatus for measuring and controlling volumetric flow rate of gases. The apparatus includes a measurement chamber of fixed volume in a flow line, a controllable inlet valve upstream from the chamber, and flow regulator means for establishing constant flow output downstream from the chamber. Also provided are measuring and control equipment including a pressure sensor in the chamber, means for controlling operation of the inlet valve, timing means, and means for calculating volumetric flow rate. The method involves closing the inlet valve at a chosen time for a selected interval, to interrupt flow into the measurement chamber, while maintaining constancy of flow out of the chamber. During at least part of the interval in which the inlet valve is closed, the pressure decrease is measured, and the rate of pressure decrease is calculated by dividing the measured pressure drop by the time measured by the timing means. The thus calculated rate of fall of pressure is directly related to the volumetric flow rate, which is thus determined.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量和控制气体的体积流量的方法和装置。 该装置包括在流动管线中具有固定体积的测量室，在室上游的可控入口阀以及用于在室下游建立恒定流量输出的流量调节装置。 还提供了包括腔室中的压力传感器，用于控制入口阀的操作的装置，计时装置和用于计算体积流量的装置的测量和控制设备。 该方法包括在所选择的时间关闭入口阀选定的间隔，以阻止流入测量室的流动，同时保持流出室的恒定性。 在入口阀关闭的间隔的至少一部分期间，测量压力降低，并且通过将测量的压降除以由定时装置测量的时间来计算压力降低率。 这样计算出的压力下降速率与体积流量直接相关，这是由此确定的。