摘要:
A thermal insulating composition containing an organic solvent of low thermal conductivity and a gelling agent hydratable in the solvent is useful for controlling heat transfer from a production tubing or transfer pipe in a wellbore to a surrounding annuli and/or the environment. Further, the composition is capable of reducing convection flow velocity within the annulus surrounding production tubing or a transfer pipe.
摘要:
The productivity of sandstone or carbonate formations is enhanced by contacting the formation with a deformable particulate and a HF-containing acidizing solution. The deformable particulates create a partial monolayer in the formation while the HF-containing acidizing solution differentially etches the rock around the deformable particulate. The surface of the formation is partially blocked from reaction with the acidizing solution by the creation of the partial monolayer. Conductive channels are therefore created on the surface of the formation. The deformable particulates deform on closure. As the closure stress increases, the formation faces compress the non-dissolved, sandwiched formation points. These points function as pillars of un-reacted formation and act similar to a partial monolayer of proppant, providing the highly conductive channels.
摘要:
A well fracturing fluid is shown which includes an aqueous base fluid, a hydratable polymer, such as a guar gum, and a suitable crosslinking agent for crosslinking the hydratable polymer to form a polymer gel. The hydratable polymer has a higher molecular weight which is achieved by improvements in the processing of the guar split. The higher molecular weight polymer provides improved performance in well fracturing operations.
摘要:
Compositions and methods of treating high temperature subterranean formations of up to about 500° F. (260° C.) are provided. The compositions and methods utilize a high molecular weight synthetic copolymer and a pH buffer than maintains a pH in a range of about 4.5 to about 5.25 for the compositions. The high molecular weight synthetic copolymer is derived from acrylamide, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, and vinyl phosphonate.
摘要:
A method of acidizing a subterranean formation with a diverting agent composed of a gelled or thickened viscoelastic foam or fluid generated from (i.) an amidoamine oxide gelling agent and (ii.) an acid or foam, water and/or brine. The gelled or thickened foam or fluid may be generated in-situ or introduced directly into the formation by mixing of the amidoamine oxide gelling agent and acid or foam, water and/or brine. As the acid spends, the acidizing fluid thickens. When the acid is further spent, the fluid viscosity declines eventually returning to a low viscosity state, allowing for easy cleanup. The process allows for selective acidizing of less permeable zones of the formation and more uniform stimulation of the hydrocarbon bearing formation.
摘要:
Fracturing fluid compositions and methods for their preparation and use are disclosed. The compositions are useful in the oil and gas drilling operations, as well as in gravel packing operations, water blocking, temporary plugging for purposes of wellbore isolation and/or fluid loss control, and other uses. The compositions comprise a liquid, a polymer soluble in the liquid, having a degree of substitution of ionic groups of about 0.01 to about 0.1; and a crosslinking agent capable of increasing the viscosity of the fracturing fluid by crosslinking the polymer in liquid.
摘要:
A well service fluid composition comprises a fracturing fluid and a gas hydrate inhibitor. Preferably, the gas hydrate inhibitor does not affect the function of the fracturing fluid and is present in an amount sufficient to control and/or minimize the formation of gas hydrates. The well service fluid composition is useful in hydraulic fracturing in which the composition is injected into a subterranean formation under sufficient pressure to initiate and propagate a fracture in the formation. The fracturing fluid may be subsequently recovered when the fracturing operation is completed.
摘要:
A method of preventing gas breakthrough in an oil well, which includes first pumping a slug of an alkaline earth salt into the well bore, followed by a slug of spacer solution, and finally a slug of a fatty acid resin. The resin can comprise at least one fatty acid, a fat (or tall oil), and other components. The resin and alkaline earth salt advantageously react in situ to form a water and gas insoluble precipitate or gum that forms a sealing zone around the oil/gas interface of the well bore, and also allows the oil to dissolve the precipitate to facilitate recovery of the oil.
摘要:
A complexor and method of use are shown for providing controlled delay of the cross-linking reaction in an aqueous well fracturing fluid. A base fluid is first prepared by blending together an aqueous fluid and a hydratable polymer which is capable of gelling in the presence of borate ions. The complexor is prepared by mixing a cross-linking additive capable of furnishing borate ions in solution with a delay additive, such as glyoxal. The delay additive is effective, within a selected pH range, to chemically bond with both boric acid and the borate ions produced by the cross-linking additive to theeby limit the number of borate ions initially available in solution for subsequent cross-linking of the hydratable polysaccharide. The subsequent rate of cross-linking of the polysaccharide can be controlled by adjusting the pH of the complexor solution.
摘要:
A method is shown for fracturing a subterranean formation in which a hydratable polymer, crosslinking agent and breaker are combined to form a gelled fracturing fluid. The pH of the fracturing fluid is initially raised above and 9.0 to deactivate the breaker. A pH regulating substance is added to the fracturing fluid which slowly hydrolyzes to produce an acid, thereby dropping the breaker to produce a controlled break of the polymer gel.