摘要:
A liquid crystal device is formed by a pair of substrates each having thereon electrodes, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to be movable along surfaces of the substrates. The liquid crystal is disposed over regions extending between the surfaces of the substrates including an effective optical modulation region, a first peripheral region outside the effective optical modulation region and a second peripheral region formed along a part or an entirety of outer periphery of the first peripheral region. The liquid crystal is disposed to have a higher liquid crystal molecular pretilt angle in the first peripheral region than in the effective optical modulation region. The liquid crystal is disposed in a random alignment state free from uniaxial alignment characteristic or in a layer structure in the second peripheral region. As a result, the liquid crystal molecular movement along the extension of substrates is suppressed in the effective optical modulation region and in the second peripheral region and relatively allowed in the first peripheral region, so that the impurities in the liquid crystal are confined in the second peripheral region while avoiding the liquid crystal thickness irregularity.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal device of a cell structure having a suppressed increase of cell thickness along a cell side is constituted by disposing a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a pair of electrode plates each sequentially provided with an electrode, an insulating film and an alignment film on a substrate. The alignment film is provided with a surface unevenness for suppressing a liquid crystal movement causing the increase in cell thickness. The surface unevenness is provided to the alignment film directly or to the insulating film below the alignment film, e.g., by wet forming the relevant film by using at least two solvents having different boiling points or dispersing fine particles within the relevant film, optionally followed by removal of the fine particles.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal device of a cell structure having a suppressed increase of cell thickness along a cell side is constituted by disposing a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a pair of electrode plates each sequentially provided with an electrode, an insulating film and an alignment film on a substrate. The alignment film is provided with a surface unevenness for suppressing a liquid crystal movement causing the increase in cell thickness. The surface unevenness is provided to the alignment film directly or to the insulating film below the alignment film, e.g., by wet forming the relevant film by using at least two solvents having different boiling points or dispersing fine particles within the relevant film, optionally followed by removal of the fine particles.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal device of a cell structure having a suppressed increase of cell thickness along a cell side is constituted by disposing a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a pair of electrode plates each sequentially provided with an electrode, an insulating film and an alignment film on a substrate. The aligment film is provided with a surface unevenness for suppressing a liquid crystal movement causing the increase in cell thickness. The surface unevenness is provided to the aligment film directly or to the insulating film below the alignment film, e.g., by wet forming the relevant film by using at least two solvents having different boiling points or dispersing fine particles within the relevant film, optionally followed by removal of the fine particles.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal device of a cell structure having a suppressed increase of cell thickness along a cell side is constituted by disposing a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a pair of electrode plates each sequentially provided with an electrode, an insulating film and an alignment film on a substrate. The alignment film is provided with a surface unevenness for suppressing a liquid crystal movement causing the increase in cell thickness. The surface unevenness is provided to the alignment film directly or to the insulating film below the alignment film, e.g., by wet forming the relevant film by using at least two solvents having different boiling points or dispersing fine particles within the relavant film, optionally followed by removal of the fine particles.
摘要:
A liquid crystal device, particularly a ferroelectric liquid crystal device, is constituted by disposing a liquid crystal disposed between a pair of rubbing-treated substrates. The uniaxial alignment control force exerted by rubbing is gradually weakened as the rubbing treatment is successively applied to a large number of substrates. This is compensated by varying a rubbing condition, such as a relative moving speed, a rotational speed, or a pressing depth against the substrate of a rubbing roller. Alternatively, such a change in uniaxial alignment control force with time may be utilized for compensating for a difference in uniaxial alignment control force attributable to a difference in stripe electrode extension relative to the rubbing direction.
摘要:
A rubbing apparatus is provided with an even number of, e.g., two, rubbing rollers. The two rollers are provided with rubbing clothes wound thereabout and each planted with pile yarn so that the standing directions with inclination of the pile yarn of the two rubbing rollers are parallel to the rotating direction of the rollers and mutually opposite to each other. A plurality of substrates each having an alignment control film thereon are successively rubbed by the rubbing rollers while the rotating direction of the rollers is changed for each substrate. As a result, the substrates are provided with a uniform alignment power free from irregularity. At the same time, the inclination of the pile yarn during the rubbing treatment is prevented, whereby the rubbing cloth can be used for an extended period.
摘要:
A rubbing apparatus is provided with an even number of, e.g., two, rubbing rollers. The two rollers are provided with rubbing clothes wound thereabout and each planted with pile yarn so that the standing directions with inclination of the pile yarn of the two rubbing rollers are parallel to the rotating direction of the rollers and mutually opposite to each other. A plurality of substrates each having an alignment control film thereon are successively rubbed by the rubbing rollers while the rotating direction of the rollers is changed for each substrate. As a result, the substrates are provided with a uniform alignment power free from irregularity. At the same time, the inclination of the pile yarn during the rubbing treatment is prevented, whereby the rubbing cloth can be used for an extended period.
摘要:
A ferroelectric liquid crystal panel is prepared by injecting a ferroelectric liquid crystal into a liquid crystal panel through a process including at least four steps, i.e., a first step of reducing a pressure and evacuating gas within the liquid crystal panel, a second step of applying the ferroelectric liquid crystal to an injection port of the liquid crystal panel, a third step of causing the liquid crystal to enter into the liquid crystal panel under an increasing pressure, and a fourth step of completing injection of the liquid crystal into the liquid crystal panel under an elevated pressure. In the process, the liquid crystal panel is held at a higher temperature in the first step than in the second step. As a result, it is possible to obtain a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel which contains a ferroelectric liquid crystal at a sufficiently high packing density, free from occurrence of voids even after standing at a low temperature and has a uniform alignment state over the entire panel area.
摘要:
A structure for fastening to a trim board a clip that has projection for fastening to a clip fitting seat of the trim board and a second projection for fastening to a vehicle body-side member. The first projection has an engagement portion and the clip fitting seat has multiple latch lugs used to position the clip. A distance between the latch lugs is enlargeable as the engagement portion is engaged therewith. The first projection has at least two types of engagement portions that differ in diameter at locations that are separated in a fastening direction. Thus, the clip is fastened to the clip fitting seat in at least two stages, including one state in which the clip is fastened to the clip fitting seat at low fastening load, and a fastened state that is achieved by fastening the clip to the clip fitting seat at high fastening load.