摘要:
An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge have a wide optimum range of the toner charging amount and produce an excellent gradient and have an image bearing body and a developer carrying body. The electrostatic capacity of the image bearing body per cm2 is not less than 150 pF and not greater than 600 pF.
摘要:
An image-forming apparatus includes an image-bearing member for holding thereon an electrostatic latent image; a charging device for electrostatically charging a surface of the image-bearing member; an exposure unit for forming the electrostatic latent image on the image-bearing member by exposing to light the image-bearing member having been charged by the charging device; and a developing unit which has at least a toner-carrying member for carrying and transporting a negatively-chargeable toner thereon and developing the electrostatic latent image by a contact developing system to form a toner image. In the triboelectric series relationship between the toner and a surface layer of the image-bearing member, the surface layer of the image-bearing member has a charge polarity which is a different polarity with respect to the charge polarity of the toner in the developing unit. The image-bearing member includes the electrostatic latent image including a surface potential, as a nonimage area potential (Vd) within a range of −500 to −800 V, and as an image area potential (Vl), at which the maximum toner image density is to be obtained, within a range of −50 to −200 V. A process cartridge includes the above-described image-bearing member.
摘要:
A developing apparatus includes a developing container for containing a developer therein. A developing carrying member, provided in an opening portion of the developing container, for developing an electrostatic image on an image bearing member, the developer carrying member having a rubber layer and a surface layer on the rubber layer. A seal member is provided in the opening portion for preventing leakage of the developer from an end portion of the opening portion. The seal member provided in the opening portion for preventing leakage of the developer from an end portion of the opening portion, wherein the seal member is in contact with the surface layer except for an end edge thereof.
摘要:
A simultaneous developing/cleaning device includes a developer carrying member for carrying a layer of developer, the developer carrying member forming a developing zone where the layer of the developer is contacted to the developer carrying member and to an image bearing member carrying a latent image; and a charge application member for applying electric charge to the developer carried on the developer carrying member by electric discharge, the charge application member being provided upstream of the developing zone with respect to a moving direction of the developer carrying member.
摘要:
In a developing apparatus having the configuration of charging toner on the developing roller with the toner charging roller, toner charging roller contacts to the developing roller. Since toner adheres onto the toner charging roller by applying the voltage higher than a starting voltage in the developing apparatus, electrifying property of the toner charging roller drops. This causes low image quality since stable charges cannot be given to the toner on the developing roller. Therefore, they are provided, a developing apparatus and an image forming apparatus that can always offer good image quality by preventing adhesion of a developing material to a developer-charging member and always giving stable charges to a developer bearing body and developer.
摘要:
A developing apparatus in which a developer is prevented from attaching to a developer electrifying member. The developing apparatus has a developer carrying body, a regulating member, and a developer carrying member, wherein during a period when developing action is not conducted by the developer carrying body and residual developer is being cleaned, there is a first period during which a first electric field is formed in a direction in which the developer normally charged moves from the developer carrying body to the developer charging member and after the first period there is a second period during which a second electric field is formed in a direction in which the developer normally charged moves from the developer charging member to the developer carrying body.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a developer carrying member, which carries a developer to develop an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with the developer. In a non-developmental time period, a peripheral velocity of the developer carrying member is slower than the peripheral velocity of the developer carrying member during a developmental time period. In addition, a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member during the non-developmental time period is slower than the peripheral velocity of the image bearing member during the development time period.
摘要:
Provided is a novel therapeutic agent specific for a malignant tumor expressing MHC class II. The present invention provides an antibody recognizing a protein constituting MHC class II expressed on a malignant tumor, the antibody comprising at least one selected from heavy chain CDR1 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 49 to 54 of SEQ ID NO: 54), heavy chain CDR2 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 69 to 84 of SEQ ID NO: 54), heavy chain CDR3 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 117 to 128 of SEQ ID NO: 54), light chain CDR1 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 46 to 55 of SEQ ID NO: 56), light chain CDR2 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 71 to 77 of SEQ ID NO: 56), and light chain CDR3 (amino acid sequence represented by positions 100 to 108 of SEQ ID NO: 56).
摘要翻译:提供一种特异于表达II类MHC的恶性肿瘤的新型治疗剂。 本发明提供一种抗体,其识别构成在恶性肿瘤上表达的II类MHC的蛋白质,所述抗体包含选自重链CDR1(SEQ ID NO:54的49至54位的氨基酸序列)中的至少一种,重链 CDR2(SEQ ID NO:54的第69〜84位的氨基酸序列),重链CDR3(SEQ ID NO:54的117〜128位的氨基酸序列),轻链CDR1(由位置 SEQ ID NO:56的46〜55),轻链CDR2(由SEQ ID NO:56的71〜77位表示的氨基酸序列)和轻链CDR3(SEQ ID NO: :56)。
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a latent image carrier; a latent image writer to write a latent image on the latent image carrier; a developing unit including a toner carrier having first and second electrodes insulated via an insulator member and a voltage applying unit to apply voltages to the first and second electrodes having a potential difference to generate first electric fields to cause the toner to hop from the toner carrier to the latent image carrier to develop a toner image; and a transfer unit to transfer the developed toner image to a transferring member. When alternating voltages having a same phase and same amplitude are applied to the first and second electrodes to form second electric fields between the latent image carrier and the toner carrier, the toner is discharged from the toner carrier to the latent image carrier in a toner discharge mode.
摘要:
Disclosed is a convenient and effective means for quantifying an antigen-specific canine or human IgE. Specifically disclosed is a method for quantifying an antigen-specific canine IgE, which comprises the following steps (A) to (D): (A) contacting a biological sample collected from a subject with an antigen to conjugate IgE contained in the sample with the antigen; (B) measuring the quantity of IgE in a standard sample collected from an experimental animal which is different from the subject and has been sensitized with the same antigen as that used in step (A) by using a substance capable of recognizing both IgE from the subject and IgE from the experimental animal, thereby producing a standard curve; (C) detecting a conjugate formed in step (A) by using the same substance capable of recognizing both IgE from the subject and IgE from the experimental animal as that used in step (B); and (D) determining the quantity of IgE in the biological sample collected from the subject by utilizing the quantity of the conjugate detected in step (C) and the standard curve produced in step (B). Also specifically disclosed is a method for quantifying an antigen-specific human IgE.