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公开(公告)号：US11458452B2
公开(公告)日：2022-10-04
申请号：US15172358
申请日：2016-06-03
发明人： Daniel J. Despen , James A. Mennell , David Reamer
IPC分类号： B01J20/20 , C01B32/30 , C01B32/366 , B01J20/28 , C02F1/28 , C02F101/30 , C02F103/06 , C02F101/34 , C02F101/36 , C02F101/38
摘要： Highly mesoporous activated carbon products are disclosed with mesoporosities characterized by mesopore volumes of 0.7 to 1.0 cubic centimeters per gram or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Molasses Number of about 500 to 1000 or greater. Also disclosed are activated carbon products characterized by a Tannin Value of about 100 to 35 or less. The activated carbon products may be further characterized by total pore volumes of at least 0.85 cubic centimeters per gram and BET surface areas of at least about 800 square meters per gram. The activated carbon product may be derived from a renewable feedstock.
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公开(公告)号：US11413601B2
公开(公告)日：2022-08-16
申请号：US14922829
申请日：2015-10-26
发明人： Daniel J. Despen , James A. Mennell
摘要： This disclosure provides a halogenated activated carbon composition comprising carbon, a halogenated compound and a salt. In some embodiments, the halogenated compound and the salt comprise a naturally occurring salt mixture, as may be obtained from ocean water, salt lake water, rock salt, salt brine wells, for example. In some embodiments, the naturally occurring salt mixture comprises Dead Sea salt.
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公开(公告)号：US20220228082A1
公开(公告)日：2022-07-21
申请号：US17580012
申请日：2022-01-20
摘要： In some variations, the invention provides a biocarbon pellet comprising: 35 wt % to 99 wt % of a biogenic reagent, wherein the biogenic reagent comprises, on a dry basis, at least 60 wt % carbon; 0 wt % to 35 wt % water moisture; and 1 wt % to 30 wt % of a binder, wherein the biocarbon pellet is characterized by an adjustable Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) from about 30 to about 120, as shown in the Examples. The pellet HGI is adjustable by controlling process conditions and the pellet binder. The binder can be an organic binder or an inorganic binder. The carbon is renewable as determined from a measurement of the 14C/12C isotopic ratio. Many processes of making and using the biocarbon pellets are described. Applications of the biocarbon pellets include pulverized coal boilers, furnaces for making metals such as iron or silicon, and gasifiers for producing reducing gas.
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公开(公告)号：US20220204420A1
公开(公告)日：2022-06-30
申请号：US17699864
申请日：2022-03-21
发明人： Richard W. Belcher , Han Suk Kim , Brian Buege , Ronald A. Sills
IPC分类号： C05F11/00 , C05F11/08 , C05G3/00 , C05D9/00 , C10B57/02 , C10B53/02 , C05F11/02 , C05B17/00 , A01N25/08 , C05C5/00 , C05G3/80 , C05G5/23 , C05G5/40 , C05G5/10
摘要： A treated biochar comprising a porous carbonaceous particle that has been treated and mixed with a media containing a mineral solubilizing microorganism, whereby the porous carbonaceous particle after mixing has retained the mineral solubilizing microorganism.
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公开(公告)号：US20220162726A1
公开(公告)日：2022-05-26
申请号：US17531428
申请日：2021-11-19
发明人： James A. Mennell , Daren Daugaard , Dustin Slack
摘要： Improved processes and systems are disclosed for producing renewable hydrogen suitable for reducing metal ores, as well as for producing activated carbon. Some variations provide a process comprising: pyrolyzing biomass to generate a biogenic reagent comprising carbon and a pyrolysis off-gas; converting the pyrolysis off-gas to additional reducing gas and/or heat; reacting at least some of the biogenic reagent with a reactant to generate a reducing gas; and chemically reducing a metal oxide in the presence of the reducing gas. Some variations provide a process for producing renewable hydrogen by biomass pyrolysis to generate a biogenic reagent, conversion of the biogenic reagent to a reducing gas, and separation and recovery of hydrogen from the reducing gas. A reducing-gas composition for reducing a metal oxide is provided, comprising renewable hydrogen according to a hydrogen-isotope analysis. Reacted biogenic reagent may also be recovered as an activated carbon product. Many variations are disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US11312666B2
公开(公告)日：2022-04-26
申请号：US16914692
申请日：2020-06-29
发明人： Richard W. Belcher , Han Suk Kim , Brian Buege , Ronald A. Sills
IPC分类号： C05F11/00 , C05F11/08 , C05G3/00 , C05D9/00 , C10B57/02 , C10B53/02 , C05F11/02 , C05B17/00 , A01N25/08 , C05C5/00 , C05G3/80 , C05G5/23 , C05G5/40 , C05G5/10 , C05D9/02
摘要： A treated biochar comprising a porous carbonaceous particle that has been treated and mixed with a media containing a mineral solubilizing microorganism, whereby the porous carbonaceous particle after mixing has retained the mineral solubilizing microorganism.
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公开(公告)号：US20220098685A1
公开(公告)日：2022-03-31
申请号：US17485365
申请日：2021-09-25
发明人： James A. Mennell , Daren Daugaard , Dustin Slack
摘要： Some variations provide a composition for reducing a metal ore, the composition comprising a carbon-metal ore particulate, wherein the carbon-metal ore particulate comprises at least about 0.1 wt % to at most about 50 wt % fixed carbon on a moisture-free and ash-free basis, and wherein the carbon is at least 50% renewable carbon as determined from a measurement of the 14C/12C isotopic ratio. Some variations provide a process for reducing a metal ore, comprising: providing a biomass feedstock; pyrolyzing the feedstock to generate a biogenic reagent comprising carbon and a pyrolysis off-gas comprising hydrogen or carbon monoxide; obtaining a metal ore comprising a metal oxide; combining the carbon with the metal ore, to generate a carbon-metal ore particulate; optionally pelletizing the carbon-metal ore particulate; and utilizing the pyrolysis off-gas to chemically reduce the metal oxide to elemental metal, such as iron. The disclosed technologies are environmentally superior to conventional processes based on coal.
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公开(公告)号：US20210395632A1
公开(公告)日：2021-12-23
申请号：US17390704
申请日：2021-07-30
发明人： Daniel J. Despen , James A. Mennell , Steve Filips
IPC分类号： C10L5/44 , C21B5/00 , C10B49/02 , C10B53/02 , C10B57/02 , C10L5/04 , C10B47/30 , C10L5/36 , C22B4/02 , H01B1/04 , C10B39/02 , C10B41/00 , C10B57/06 , C10B57/10 , C10B45/00 , B01J21/18 , C10B39/00 , C10B43/02 , C21C5/52 , C01B32/318 , C01B32/312
摘要： This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.
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公开(公告)号：US11111185B2
公开(公告)日：2021-09-07
申请号：US16406986
申请日：2019-05-08
发明人： Ranko Bontchev , Han Suk Kim , Richard W. Wilson , Richard Wilson Belcher , Cameron Cheyne , Leo E. Manzer , Mark L. Jarand , Haijun Wan , Rajashekharam Malyala
IPC分类号： C05D9/00 , C05F11/00 , C05F11/02 , C05G3/00 , C09K17/04 , C05G3/80 , C05F11/08 , C05D9/02 , C09K17/02 , C10B53/02 , C10B57/02
摘要： Biochar is provided that is treated to have certain chemical and physical properties found to have the highest impact on plant growth and/or soil health. In particular, the following physical and/or chemical properties, among others, of a biochar have been identified as critical properties to control for in the selection of biomass feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, and/or enhancing treatment to increase biochar performance: (i) bulk density (ii) impregnation capacity; (iii) particle size distribution; (iv) solid particle density; (v) surface area; (vi) porosity; (vii) total porosity; (viii) ratio of macroporosity to total porosity (ix) content of residual organic compounds; (x) content of volatile organic compounds; (xii) ash content; (xiii) water holding capacity; (xiv) water retention capabilities; (xv) levels of dioxins and other potentially hazardous byproducts of pyrolysis; and (xvi) pH. Treatment can modify and preferably increase hydrophilicity/decrease hydrophobicity, remove dioxins from the raw biochar, modify electrical conductivity and/or surface charge, modify cation exchange capacity and modify anion exchange capacity, among other things.
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公开(公告)号：US20210016244A1
公开(公告)日：2021-01-21
申请号：US17060293
申请日：2020-10-01
发明人： James A. Mennell , Daniel J. Despen , David Reamer
IPC分类号： B01J20/20 , C01B32/39 , C01B32/336 , B01J20/30 , C01B32/50 , C01B32/324
摘要： The present disclosure provides biorefining systems for co-producing activated carbon along with primary products. A host plant converts a feedstock comprising biomass into primary products and carbon-containing co-products; a modular reactor system pyrolyzes and activates the co-products, to generate activated carbon and pyrolysis off-gas; and an oxidation unit oxidizes the pyrolysis off-gas, generating CO2, H2O, and energy. The energy is recycled and utilized in the host plant, and the CO2 and H2O may be recycled to the reactor system as an activation agent. The host plant may be a saw mill, a pulp and paper plant, a corn wet or dry mill, a sugar production facility, or a food or beverage plant, for example. In some embodiments, the activated carbon is utilized at the host plant to purify one or more primary products, to purify water, to treat a liquid waste stream, and/or to treat a vapor waste stream.
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