公开(公告)号：US5041778A

公开(公告)日：1991-08-20

申请号：US380445

申请日：1989-07-17

申请人： Slimane Loualiche ,  Francois Salin

发明人： Slimane Loualiche ,  Francois Salin

IPC分类号： G01R23/17 ,  G02F2/00

CPC分类号： G02F2/00 ,  G01R23/17

摘要： A spectrum analyzer for a variable amplitude and frequency electric signal includes an optical modulator responsive to the signal that derives a first optical wave having intensity and frequency components corresponding to the signal amplitude and frequency components. An optical analyzer responds to the first optical wave to derive a second optical wave having intensity variations at frequency components corresponding to the amplitude of the electric signal at the frequencies in the spectrum of the signal. The optical analyzer includes a tunable optical cavity responsive to the first optical wave to derive the second optical wave.

摘要翻译： 用于可变幅度和频率电信号的频谱分析仪包括响应于该信号的光学调制器，该信号导出具有对应于信号幅度和频率分量的强度和频率分量的第一光波。 光学分析仪对第一光波进行响应以导出在信号的频谱中的频率处的与电信号的振幅相对应的频率分量处具有强度变化的第二光波。 光学分析仪包括响应于第一光波的可调谐光学腔来导出第二光波。

公开(公告)号：US4947446A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

申请号：US435282

申请日：1989-11-08

申请人： Francis Jutand ,  Alain Artieri

发明人： Francis Jutand ,  Alain Artieri

IPC分类号： G06T5/20

CPC分类号： G06T5/20

摘要： For filtering a bi-dimensional image signal in the form of data representing pixels obtained by column per column scanning of bands each having a height equal to a fraction of the height of the image, the transform of each pixel is computed in turn. For that, a convolution product using MxN coefficients is carried out on the pixels of a zone of an image, each column of each M pixels. The image is fractionated into mutually adjacent blocks each representing N columns of M pixels and the transforms of all pixels of a same block are simultaneously computed in MxN cycles by: parallel computation, during a same cycle, of all partial convolution products of only one of the filtering coefficients and of those pixels which provide a partial product which intervenes in the computation of the transforms of all pixels of the block, within a "window" of the picture which contains the block. The cycle is repeated for each coefficient in turn. All partial products obtained during the successive cycles are summed.

摘要翻译： 为了以表示通过每列扫描获得的像素的数据的形式对二维图像信号进行滤波，每个波段的高度等于图像的高度的一部分，每个像素的变换依次被计算。 为此，使用M×N系数的卷积积在每个M像素的每列的像素区域的像素上进行。 将图像分割成相互相邻的块，每个块表示M个像素的N列，并且以M×N个周期同时计算同一块的所有像素的变换：在相同周期期间，在仅一个 滤波系数以及提供部分乘积的那些像素，这些像素包含在包含该块的图像的“窗口”内块的所有像素的变换的计算。 依次对每个系数重复循环。 在连续循环中获得的所有部分乘积相加。

公开(公告)号：US4939749A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-03

申请号：US322952

申请日：1989-03-14

申请人： Frederic Zurcher

发明人： Frederic Zurcher

IPC分类号： H03M7/38 ,  H03H21/00 ,  H03M3/02 ,  H03M3/04 ,  H04B14/06

CPC分类号： H03M3/022 ,  H03H21/00 ,  H03M3/042

摘要： A differential encoder for speech encoding, typically in a 16 kHz wide band, has a self adaptive predictive filter, comprising a comparator receiving, on an additive input, successive samples of a signal to be encoded and, on a subtractive input, an estimated signal delivered by a prediction loop which receives the error signal from the output of the comparator, the prediction loop comprising a self-adaptive predictive filter, a gain control circuit and a multiplier which receives the outputs of the predictive filter and of the gain control circuit and whose output is connected to the subtractive input. The predictive filter comprises a plurality of parallel channels assigned to different mutually adjacent spectral bands, each channel comprising an input pass-band filter, a quadratic detector fed by the pass-band filter, and a peak detector whose input is connected to the quadratic detector and whose output is applied to a multiplier which also receives the output signal from the respective pass-band filter, the outputs of all multipliers driving a common summer. A decoder for recovering the speech has a symmetric construction.

摘要翻译： 用于语音编码的差分编码器通常在16kHz宽带中具有自适应预测滤波器，该自适应预测滤波器包括比较器，用于在加法器输入端上接收要编码的信号的连续样本，并在减法输入端接收估计信号 由预测环路传送，该预测环路从比较器的输出接收误差信号，该预测回路包括自适应预测滤波器，增益控制电路和接收预测滤波器和增益控制电路的输出的乘法器， 其输出连接到减法输入。 预测滤波器包括分配给不同的相邻频谱带的多个并行信道，每个信道包括输入通带滤波器，由通带滤波器馈送的二次检波器，以及峰值检测器，其输入端连接到二次检波器 并且其输出被施加到也从相应的通带滤波器接收输出信号的乘法器，所有乘法器的输出驱动公共的加法器。 用于恢复语音的解码器具有对称结构。

公开(公告)号：US5099325A

公开(公告)日：1992-03-24

申请号：US432997

申请日：1989-11-08

申请人： Alain Artieri ,  Francis Jutand

发明人： Alain Artieri ,  Francis Jutand

IPC分类号： H04N7/15 ,  G06T7/20 ,  H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/32

CPC分类号： H04N19/51 ,  G06T7/202

摘要： For processing data signals representative of pixels, each of the picturess scanned, column per column in successive horizontal bands each having a height equal to an entire fraction of the height of the picture, whereby a representation of the picture as pixels distributed in rows and columns is obtained, each band having a common predetermined number of rows. The picture is fractionated into mutually adjacent blocks of pixels each having M pixels in each of N mutually adjacent columns, M and N being predetermined integers and M being a simple multiple of the number of pixels in one column of a band and N being a whole fraction of the number of colums per image. For each of the blocks of the current picture in turn, the block is compared with each of a plurality of blocks of the same size in a search window of L columns of H pixels in the preceding image, L and H being predetermined integers greater than M and respectively the window containing the block of the current picture and the computaton being carried out in M*M cycles, namely in the time required for scanning the block of the current image, by parallel computation, during each cycle of all partial distortions between each pixel of the current block and each of the pixels corresponding thereto upon each possible offset of the block in the search window of the preceding picture. Then the best match is determined as the correspondence having the least distortion.

摘要翻译： 为了处理表示像素的数据信号，扫描每个图像，每列的列在连续的水平带中，每个高度等于图像的高度的整个分数，由此将图像的表示作为像素分布在行中，并且 列，每个带具有共同的预定行数。 将图像分割成相互相邻的像素块，每个像素在N个相互相邻的列中各具有M个像素，M和N是预定整数，M是频带的一列中的像素数的简单倍数，N是整数 每个图像的列数分数。 依次对当前图像的每个块进行比较，将块与先前图像的H个像素的L列的搜索窗口中的相同尺寸的多个块中的每一个进行比较，L和H是大于 M，并且分别包含当前画面的块的计算窗口，并且以M * M个周期，即在扫描当前图像的块所需的时间内，通过并行计算来执行计算，在所有部分失真之间的每个周期期间， 当前块的每个像素以及与之前的图像的搜索窗口中的块的每个可能的偏移相对应的每个像素。 然后，最佳匹配被确定为具有最小失真的对应。

公开(公告)号：US5081540A

公开(公告)日：1992-01-14

申请号：US511577

申请日：1990-04-20

申请人： Eric Dufresne ,  Pierre Chavel ,  Gabriel Sirat

发明人： Eric Dufresne ,  Pierre Chavel ,  Gabriel Sirat

IPC分类号： G03H1/06

CPC分类号： G03H1/06 ,  G03H1/0493

摘要： A holographic apparatus of the type comprising a conoscopic system including a birefringent crystal inserted between two polarizers, wherein the apparatus also includes an aperture angle limiter inserted on the path of the light rays and wherein one of the birefringent crystal and the aperture angle limiter is disposed off the optical axis of the apparatus.

摘要翻译： 一种包括插入在两个偏振器之间的双折射晶体的锥视系统的全息装置，其中该装置还包括插入在光线路径上的孔径角限制器，并且其中布置双折射晶体和孔径角限制器之一 离开设备的光轴。

公开(公告)号：US4956838A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

申请号：US322947

申请日：1989-03-14

申请人： Andre Gilloire ,  Martin Vetterli

发明人： Andre Gilloire ,  Martin Vetterli

IPC分类号： H04B3/23 ,  H04M9/08

CPC分类号： H04B3/21 ,  H04B3/23 ,  H04M9/082 ,  H04B3/238

摘要： An echo cancelling device for use between a line receiving an incoming signal and a line transmitting an outgoing signal, for cancelling out echo, comprising a plurality of processing channels connected in parallel relation and assigned to successive mutually adjacent sub-bands of the spectral band of the outgoing signal, each channel having: a first analysis band-pass filter receiving the echo-affected signal to be transmitted, whose output is connected to the additive input of a subtractor; a second analysis band-pass filter, identical to the first filter, receiving the incoming signal and feeding an adaptive filter delivering an estimated echo value in the sub-band to the subtractive input of the subtractor; and a synthesis filter, symmetrical with the analysis filters and whose output feeds the transmission line. Each processing channel receives an estimation of the aliasing component originating from another sub-band at least and that component is eliminated by adding it to the signal originating from the filter analyzing the respective incoming signal. Estimation may be made by synthesis using at least one adaptive cross-filter fed by the output of an adjacent channel.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在接收输入信号的线路和发送输出信号的线路之间使用的用于消除回波的回波消除装置，包括以并行关系连接并被分配给频谱带的连续相互相邻的子带的多个处理信道 每个信道具有：接收要发送的回波影响信号的第一分析带通滤波器，其输出连接到减法器的加法输入; 第二分析带通滤波器，与第一滤波器相同，接收输入信号并馈送将子带中的估计回波值传送到减法器的减法输入端的自适应滤波器; 以及与分析滤波器对称的合成滤波器，其输出馈送传输线。 每个处理通道至少接收来自另一个子带的混叠分量的估计，并且通过将该分量加到分析各个输入信号的滤波器的信号中来消除该分量。 可以通过使用由相邻信道的输出馈送的至少一个自适应交叉滤波器进行合成来进行估计。

公开(公告)号：US4956645A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-11

申请号：US351234

申请日：1989-05-15

申请人： Jean Guena ,  Jean-Claude Leost ,  Sylvain Meyer

发明人： Jean Guena ,  Jean-Claude Leost ,  Sylvain Meyer

IPC分类号： H04L5/16 ,  B07C3/12 ,  G01S13/75 ,  G01S13/82 ,  G06K7/10 ,  H04B5/00 ,  H04B7/00

CPC分类号： G06K7/10346 ,  B07C3/12 ,  G01S13/758 ,  G01S13/825 ,  G06K19/07786 ,  G06K7/10316

摘要： The radio system embodying the invention comprises a central station and a terminal stations or passive end. Data signals are transmitted between data processing units which are respectively connected to the central and terminal stations. The radio system is essentially characterized in that the terminal station comprises a square two-dimensional antenna and a microwave switcher so as to phase modulate, by means of a data signal, a microwave transmitted from the terminal station to the central station. This phase modulated microwave is produced from an incident microwave transmitted by the central station and issued to the terminal station by the square two-dimensional antenna. The design of the terminal station is very simple and compact and can be included, as well as the corresponding data processing unit, in a contact-free chip card.

摘要翻译： 体现本发明的无线电系统包括中央站和终端站或被动端。 数据信号在分别连接到中央站和终端站的数据处理单元之间传送。 无线电系统的基本特征在于终端包括平方二维天线和微波切换器，以便通过数据信号对从终端站发送到中心站的微波进行相位调制。 该相位调制微波由中心站发射的入射微波产生，并由平方二维天线发射到终端站。 终端的设计非常简单紧凑，可以在无接触芯片卡中包括相应的数据处理单元。

公开(公告)号：US4939718A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-03

申请号：US335926

申请日：1989-04-11

申请人： Michel Servel ,  Jean-Paul Quinquis ,  Albert Lespagnol

发明人： Michel Servel ,  Jean-Paul Quinquis ,  Albert Lespagnol

IPC分类号： H04Q3/00 ,  H04L12/42

CPC分类号： H04L12/42

摘要： A first switching network embodying the invention is a subscriber installation having a chain structure. In the network, the switching is distributed over a plurality of switches each connecting a terminal to the network. A second embodiment is a business network having a star-chain structure and comprising a plurality of sub-networks of chain type. The sub-networks are star connected to central switches which operate in a load sharing mode. According to the method embodying the invention, the terminals connected to the network assume themselves the responsibility for determining communication routes through the network. During a communication set-up phase, caller and callee terminals transmit call packets which are disseminated to all terminals in order to measure two so-called "distances" respectively between the caller and the callee and between the callee and the caller. These distances are after included in data packets for routing said packets.

摘要翻译： 体现本发明的第一交换网络是具有链结构的用户设备。 在网络中，交换分布在多个交换机上，每个交换机将终端连接到网络。 第二实施例是具有星型链结构并且包括链式的多个子网络的商业网络。 子网络星形连接到以负载分担模式工作的中央交换机。 根据本发明的方法，连接到网络的终端承担自己负责确定通过网络的通信路由。 在通信建立阶段期间，呼叫者和被叫方终端发送传播给所有终端的呼叫分组，以分别测量呼叫者和被叫方之间以及被叫方与呼叫方之间的所谓“距离”。 这些距离包括在用于路由所述分组的数据分组中。