公开(公告)号：US20110029063A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-03

申请号：US12829815

申请日：2010-07-02

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yuanyuan Liu

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yuanyuan Liu

IPC分类号： A61F2/82

CPC分类号： A61F2/915 ,  A61F2002/91566 ,  A61F2230/0017 ,  A61F2230/0021 ,  A61F2230/0054

摘要： Stents of the type used to treat and prevent localized flow constriction in body vessels are based upon negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) structures. An auxetic stent constructed in accordance with this invention comprises a tubular structure having two ends defining a length with a central longitudinal axis and an axial view defining a cross section. The tubular structure is composed of a plurality of unit cells with two different configurations, called V-type and X-type. In V-type auxetic stents, each unit cell comprises a pair of side points A and B defining a width, a first pair of members interconnecting points A and B and intersecting at a point C forming a first V shape, and a second pair of members interconnecting points A and B and intersecting at a point D forming a second V shape. In X-type auxetic stents, each unit cell comprises eight points from A to H defining an outline of the unit cell. Eight straight or curved members interconnecting points A and B, B and C, C and D, C and E, E and F, F and G, G and H, G and A, respectively, forming the X-type unit cell. In both configurations, the unit cells are connected in rows and columns, such that compression of the structure between the two ends thereof causes the cross section of the structure to shrink in size. The auxetic structure configurations invented can also be used, with similar dimensions or significantly different dimensions, for other applications, such as in a nano-structural device, a tubal fastener design, or in an application associated with a large oil pipe or other pipelines.

摘要翻译： 用于治疗和预防身体血管局部流动收缩的类型的支架基于负的泊松比（NPR）结构。 根据本发明构造的辅助支架包括管状结构，其具有限定具有中心纵向轴线的长度和限定横截面的轴向视图的两个端部。 管状结构由具有两种不同结构的多个单元电池组成，称为V型和X型。 在V型辅助支架中，每个单元电池包括限定宽度的一对侧面点A和B，互连点A和B并在形成第一V形状的点C相交的第一对构件，以及第二对 连接点A和B并在形成第二V形的点D相交的构件。 在X型辅助支架中，每个单位单元包括从A到H的八个点，定义单元格的轮廓。 分别连接点A和B，B和C，C和D，C和E，E和F，F和G，G和H，G和A的八个直或弯曲构件，形成X型单元。 在这两种构造中，单元电池以行和列连接，使得其两端之间的结构的压缩导致结构的横截面尺寸缩小。 对于其它应用，例如在纳米结构装置，输卵管紧固件设计，或与大型油管或其他管道相关联的应用中，也可以使用发明的辅助结构结构具有类似尺寸或显着不同的尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US09376796B2

公开(公告)日：2016-06-28

申请号：US13650841

申请日：2012-10-12

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： E04H15/44 ,  E04B1/19 ,  E04B1/344 ,  E04C3/00 ,  E04C2/36

CPC分类号： E04B1/1903 ,  E04B1/3441 ,  E04C2/365 ,  E04C3/005 ,  E04H15/44 ,  Y10T403/32008

摘要： Reconfigurable, expandable-collapsible structures based upon negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) auxetic unit cells achieve rapidly deployable apparatus, devices and systems. A plurality of joint bodies, each joint body having a plurality of connection features, are coupled to interconnecting link members with opposing ends, each end including connection features that engage with the connection features of the joint bodies. The link members pivot about different axes relative to the joint bodies, thereby forming an expandable and collapsible structure having a height and a width. The link members form an array of geometric unit cells when the structure is expanded, and the height and the width of the structure when expanded are both greater than the height and the width of the structure when collapsed. In certain embodiments the structures have unit cells based upon triangles or bowtie shapes.

摘要翻译： 基于负泊松比（NPR）的可重构的，可扩展的可折叠结构，可实现快速部署的设备，设备和系统。 具有多个连接特征的每个接头主体的多个接合体联接到具有相对端部的互连连杆构件，每个端部包括与接合体的连接特征接合的连接特征。 连杆构件相对于接头本体围绕不同的轴线枢转，从而形成具有高度和宽度的可膨胀和可折叠结构。 当结构膨胀时，连接构件形成几何单位单元的阵列，并且当膨胀时结构的高度和宽度都大于当折叠时结构的高度和宽度。 在某些实施例中，结构具有基于三角形或弓形形状的单位单元。

公开(公告)号：US08544515B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-01

申请号：US12964942

申请日：2010-12-10

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yuanyuan Liu ,  Xiaoming Liu ,  Ce Sun ,  Yushun Cui

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yuanyuan Liu ,  Xiaoming Liu ,  Ce Sun ,  Yushun Cui

IPC分类号： B60C5/00 ,  B60C17/00

CPC分类号： B60C7/14 ,  Y10T152/10 ,  Y10T152/10009 ,  Y10T152/10306 ,  Y10T152/10495

摘要： Negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) or auxetic are used to make lightweight wheels and runflat tires. The NPR tires can be tailored and functionally-designed to optimally meet the runflat requirements for both military and commercial vehicles. NPR-runflat tires may be fabricated using standard materials and simple manufacturing processes, resulting in low-cost and high-volume production. In preferred embodiments the runflat tire designs are fully compatible with Central Tire Inflation Systems (CTIS), while providing a performance equivalent to current military vehicle solutions but at half the weight. An auxetic wheel according to the invention comprises a line defining an axis of rotation; and a plurality of concentric rings of unit cells surrounding the axis, each unit cell being constructed of a plurality of members defining a Negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) structure. The outermost ring of unit cells is arranged to facilitate rolling terrain contact, such that the stiffness of the structure in the localized region of loading due to terrain contact increases as the wheel rotates. A layer of material may be disposed between the concentric rings of unit cells which in preferred embodiments comprise a plurality of nested-V shapes. A cover may be provided over the outermost ring of unit cells forming a tire which may, or may not, be inflated.

摘要翻译： 负泊松比（NPR）或辅助轮胎用于制造轻型轮胎和防弹轮胎。 NPR轮胎可以定制和功能设计，以最佳地满足军用和商用车辆的防弹性要求。 NPR润滑轮胎可以使用标准材料和简单的制造工艺制造，导致低成本和大批量生产。 在优选实施例中，漏气保用轮胎设计与中央轮胎充气系统（CTIS）完全兼容，同时提供与当前军车解决方案相当的性能，但是重量的一半。 根据本发明的辅助轮包括限定旋转轴线的线; 以及围绕轴线的多个单元电池的同心环，每个单元电池由限定负泊松比（NPR）结构的多个构件构成。 单元电池的最外面的环被布置成便于滚动地形接触，使得由于地形接触而导致的局部加载区域中的结构的刚度随着车轮旋转而增加。 一层材料可以设置在单元电池的同心环之间，在优选实施例中，它们包括多个嵌套V形状。 可以在形成可以膨胀或可以不膨胀的轮胎的单元电池的最外圈上设置盖。

公开(公告)号：US09416839B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-16

申请号：US13940845

申请日：2013-07-12

申请人： MKP Structural Design Associates, Inc.

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： F16F7/12 ,  F16F1/36

CPC分类号： F16F7/121 ,  F16F1/3605 ,  Y10T428/13

摘要： NPR (negative Poisson's ratio) components for vehicle and other applications generally assume a tubular structure defining an axis, a length and a cross section. The structure is composed of a plurality of nested, double-V unit cells, each unit cell comprising a pair of side points A and B defining a width, a first pair of tensile members interconnecting points A and B and intersecting at a point C forming a first V shape, a second pair of stuffer members interconnecting points A and B and intersecting at a point D forming a second V shape. The unit cells are connected in a first direction with the point B of one cell being connected to point A of an adjoining cell, and so on, until completing a continuous band. The unit cells are further connected in a second direction with the point D of one cell being connected to point C of an adjoining cell. In one embodiment, the bands are stacked radially outwardly from the axis to form a bushing. In accordance with a second embodiment, the bands are stacked lengthwise along the structure to form a joust bumper.

摘要翻译： 用于车辆和其他应用的NPR（负泊松比）组件通常采用限定轴线，长度和横截面的管状结构。 该结构由多个嵌套的双V单位单元组成，每个单位单元包括限定宽度的一对侧面点A和B;第一对互连点A和B并与点C成交 第一V形，第二对填充件，它们连接点A和B，并在形成第二V形的点D相交。 单元单元在第一方向上连接，一个单元的点B连接到相邻单元的点A，依此​​类推，直到完成连续波段。 单元电池在第二方向上进一步连接，一个单元的点D连接到相邻单元的点C. 在一个实施例中，带从轴线径向向外堆叠以形成衬套。 根据第二实施例，沿着结构沿纵向堆叠带，以形成保险杠。

公开(公告)号：US07563497B2

公开(公告)日：2009-07-21

申请号：US11023923

申请日：2004-12-27

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： B32B29/00

CPC分类号： E04C2/34 ,  E04C2002/3488 ,  Y10T428/23914 ,  Y10T428/24149 ,  Y10T428/249924 ,  Y10T442/3187 ,  Y10T442/3195 ,  Y10T442/3203 ,  Y10T442/3211 ,  Y10T442/45 ,  Y10T442/456 ,  Y10T442/463

摘要： Biomimetic tendon-reinforced” (BTR) composite structures feature improved properties including a very high strength-to-weight ratio. The basic structure includes plurality of parallel, spaced-apart stuffer members, each with an upper end and a lower end, and a plurality of fiber elements, each having one point connected to the upper end of a stuffer member and another point connected to the lower end of a stuffer member such that the elements form criss-crossing joints between the stuffer members. The stuffer members and fiber elements may optionally be embedded in a matrix material such as an epoxy resin. The fiber elements are preferably carbon fibers, though other materials, including natural or synthetic fibers or metal wires may be used. The stuffer members may be rods, tubes, or spheres, and may be constructed of metal, ceramic or plastic. The stuffer members are preferably spaced apart at equal distances. If the members are tubes, the fiber elements may be dressed through the tubes. Alternatively, the fiber elements may tied to the ends of the stuffer members and/or to each other at the joints. Both linear and planar structures are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 仿生肌腱增强“（BTR）复合结构具有改进的性能，包括非常高的强度与重量比，基本结构包括多个平行的间隔开的填充件，每个具有上端和下端， 多个纤维元件，每个具有一个点连接到填充构件的上端，另一个点连接到填充构件的下端，使得元件在填充构件之间形成十字交叉接头，填充构件和纤维元件 可以任选地嵌入诸如环氧树脂的基质材料中，纤维元素优选为碳纤维，尽管可以使用包括天然或合成纤维或金属丝的其它材料，但填充件可以是棒，管或球体， 并且可以由金属，陶瓷或塑料构成，填充构件优选地以相等的距离间隔开，如果构件是管，则纤维元件可以穿过图 bes 或者，纤维元件可以在接头处连接到填充构件的端部和/或彼此。 公开了线性和平面结构。

公开(公告)号：US20110117309A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-19

申请号：US12619211

申请日：2009-11-16

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yushun Cui

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma ,  Yushun Cui

IPC分类号： B32B3/00 ,  B32B5/12

CPC分类号： E04C2/3405 ,  E04C2002/3488 ,  Y10T428/24116

摘要： Biomimetic tendon-reinforced” (BTR) composite structures feature improved properties including a very high strength-to-weight ratio. A basic structure comprises a plurality of spaced-apart stuffer members, each having a first end and a second end defining a length. A plurality of tendon elements interconnect with the first and second ends of the stuffer members in alternating fashion, such that the tendon elements criss-cross each other between the stuffer members. A first panel is bonded or attached to the first ends of the stuffer members, and a second panel is bonded or attached to the second ends of the stuffer members. In the preferred embodiments, the first panel, the second panel, or both the first and second panels are curved. An efficient manufacturing process based upon hollow stuffers and tendon elements in the form of bent wires is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 仿生肌腱增强“（BTR）复合结构具有改进的性能，包括非常高的强度与重量比。 基本结构包括多个间隔开的填充件，每个填充件具有限定长度的第一端和第二端。 多个腱元件交替地与填充件的第一和第二端相互连接，使得腱元件在填充件之间彼此交叉。 第一面板被粘合或附接到填充构件的第一端，并且第二面板粘合或附着到填充构件的第二端。 在优选实施例中，第一面板，第二面板或第一面板和第二面板都是弯曲的。 还公开了一种基于空心填充物和弯曲线形式的腱元件的高效制造方法。

公开(公告)号：US07910193B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-22

申请号：US12267867

申请日：2008-11-10

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： B32B3/24

CPC分类号： A47C23/002 ,  A47C27/065 ,  Y10T428/239 ,  Y10T428/24992 ,  Y10T428/249953 ,  Y10T442/601 ,  Y10T442/609 ,  Y10T442/61 ,  Y10T442/611

摘要： Negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) or auxetic structures, including three-dimensional auxetic structures, are disclosed and applied to various applications. One such structure comprises a pyramid-shaped unit cell having four base points A, B, C, and D defining the corners of a square lying in a horizontal plane. Four stuffers of equal length or different lengths extend from a respective one of the base points to a point E spaced apart from the plane. Four tendons of equal length or different lengths, but less than that of the stuffers, extend from a respective one of the base points to a point F between point E and the plane. In three-dimensional configurations, a plurality of unit cells are arranged as tiles in the same horizontal plane with the base points of each cell connected to the base points of adjoining cells, thereby forming a horizontal layer. A plurality of horizontal layers are then stacked with each point E of cells in one horizontal layer being connected to a respective one of the points F of cells in an adjacent layer. Particularly for typical applications, the structure may further including a pair of parallel plates made sandwiching a plurality of horizontal layers of unit cells.

摘要翻译： 消极泊松比（NPR）或辅助结构，包括三维辅助结构，被公开并应用于各种应用。 一个这样的结构包括具有四个基点A，B，C和D的金字塔形单元，其限定位于水平面中的正方形的角。 具有相同长度或不同长度的四个填充件从相应的一个基点延伸到与该平面间隔开的点E。 具有相同长度或不同长度但是小于填充物长度的四个腱从相应的一个基点延伸到点E和平面之间的点F. 在三维构造中，多个单位单元被布置为在相同水平面中的瓦片，每个单元的基点连接到相邻单元的基点，从而形成水平层。 然后堆叠多个水平层，其中一个水平层中的单元的每个点E连接到相邻层中的单元的点F中的相应一个。 特别是对于典型应用，该结构还可以包括一对平行板，其夹持多个水平的单元电池层。

公开(公告)号：US20100101402A1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-29

申请号：US12237615

申请日：2008-09-25

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： F41H5/04 ,  F41H5/02

CPC分类号： F41H5/0492 ,  F41H5/013

摘要： Improved composite armor designs uses optimally shaped ceramic pellets, a specific stacking geometry and a web system for patterning the pellets, improving manufacturability, and providing additional structural reinforcement. Lightweight, composite ballistic armor according to the invention may comprise an array of ceramic pellets, each pellet having a front surface, a back surface and a longitudinal centerline, and wherein the front surface of each pellet is intentionally convex. The front surface of each pellet may be hemispherical, in which case the cross-section of the pellet taken perpendicular to the centerline may be oval-shaped. Alternatively, the front surface of each pellet may be elliptical, in which case the cross-section of the pellet taken perpendicular to the centerline may be circular. In the preferred embodiment, the back surface of each pellet is formed at the same angle relative to its centerline, with the pellets being arranged with the flat surfaces lying in a plane. The pellets may be arranged in a square matrix, or may be arranged in a hexagonally close-packed matrix. The array of pellets may be embedded in a hardened matrix material, and/or tied together with netting material.

摘要翻译： 改进的复合装甲设计使用最佳形状的陶瓷颗粒，特定的堆叠几何形状和用于图案化颗粒的网系统，提高可制造性并提供额外的结构增强。 根据本发明的轻质复合防弹装甲可以包括一组陶瓷颗粒，每个颗粒具有前表面，后表面和纵向中心线，并且其中每个颗粒的前表面是有意凸的。 每个颗粒的前表面可以是半球形的，在这种情况下，垂直于中心线的颗粒的横截面可以是椭圆形的。 或者，每个颗粒的前表面可以是椭圆形的，在这种情况下，垂直于中心线的颗粒的横截面可以是圆形的。 在优选实施例中，每个颗粒的后表面相对于其中心线以相同的角度形成，其中颗粒被布置成平坦的表面位于平面中。 颗粒可以布置成方形矩阵，或者可以排列成六边形密堆积的矩阵。 颗粒阵列可以嵌入硬化的基质材料中，和/或与网状材料结合在一起。

公开(公告)号：US07694621B1

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US12237615

申请日：2008-09-25

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： F41H5/02

CPC分类号： F41H5/0492 ,  F41H5/013

摘要： Improved composite armor designs uses optimally shaped ceramic pellets, a specific stacking geometry and a web system for patterning the pellets, improving manufacturability, and providing additional structural reinforcement. Lightweight, composite ballistic armor according to the invention may comprise an array of ceramic pellets, each pellet having a front surface, a back surface and a longitudinal centerline, and wherein the front surface of each pellet is intentionally convex. The front surface of each pellet may be hemispherical, in which case the cross-section of the pellet taken perpendicular to the centerline may be oval-shaped. Alternatively, the front surface of each pellet may be elliptical, in which case the cross-section of the pellet taken perpendicular to the centerline may be circular. In the preferred embodiment, the back surface of each pellet is formed at the same angle relative to its centerline, with the pellets being arranged with the flat surfaces lying in a plane. The pellets may be arranged in a square matrix, or may be arranged in a hexagonally close-packed matrix. The array of pellets may be embedded in a hardened matrix material, and/or tied together with netting material.

摘要翻译： 改进的复合装甲设计使用最佳形状的陶瓷颗粒，特定的堆叠几何形状和用于图案化颗粒的网系统，提高可制造性并提供额外的结构增强。 根据本发明的轻质复合防弹装甲可以包括一组陶瓷颗粒，每个颗粒具有前表面，后表面和纵向中心线，并且其中每个颗粒的前表面是有意凸的。 每个颗粒的前表面可以是半球形的，在这种情况下，垂直于中心线的颗粒的横截面可以是椭圆形的。 或者，每个颗粒的前表面可以是椭圆形的，在这种情况下，垂直于中心线的颗粒的横截面可以是圆形的。 在优选实施例中，每个颗粒的后表面相对于其中心线以相同的角度形成，其中颗粒被布置成平坦的表面位于平面中。 颗粒可以布置成方形矩阵，或者可以排列成六边形密堆积的矩阵。 颗粒阵列可以嵌入硬化的基质材料中，和/或与网状材料结合在一起。

公开(公告)号：US07490539B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-17

申请号：US11187378

申请日：2005-07-22

申请人： Zheng-Dong Ma

发明人： Zheng-Dong Ma

IPC分类号： F41H5/02

CPC分类号： F41H5/0492

摘要： Improved composite armor designs use optimally shaped ceramic pellets and a web system for patterning the pellets, improving manufacturability, and providing additional structural reinforcement. The result is lightweight, composite hybrid structures for ballistic protection particularly suited to tactical ground vehicles. The preferred embodiment is a combination of three major components: 1) an optimally designed web system that allows armor tiles to be attached to it and that can be easily integrated with existing vehicle structures; 2) an advanced composite armor unit using a patent-pending BTR (Bio-mimetic Tendon-Reinforced) material as the supporting structure; and 3) optimally placed “waiting materials” which can provide enhanced ballistic impact resistance, energy absorption capability and structural integrity. These “waiting materials” are structural members that are not active at the beginning of the ballistic impact, but become active when needed or the active members have failed.

摘要翻译： 改进的复合装甲设计使用最佳形状的陶瓷颗粒和用于图案化颗粒的网系统，改善可制造性并提供额外的结构增强。 结果是轻型的复合混合结构，用于防弹特别适用于战术地面车辆。 优选实施例是三个主要组件的组合：1）最佳设计的网系统，其允许装甲瓦片连接到其上，并且可以容易地与现有的车辆结构集成; 2）使用正在申请专利的BTR（Bio-mimetic Tendon-Reinforced）材料作为支撑结构的先进复合装甲装置; 和3）最佳地放置“等待材料”，其可以提供增强的防弹冲击性，能量吸收能力和结构完整性。 这些“等待物资”是在弹道影响开始时不活跃的结构性成员，但在需要时或活跃成员失败时变得活跃。