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公开(公告)号：US5790710A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US785614
申请日：1997-01-17
申请人： Jeffrey H. Price , David A. Gough
发明人： Jeffrey H. Price , David A. Gough
CPC分类号： G02B21/244 , G01N15/147 , G02B21/002
摘要： Reliable autofocus is required to obtain accurate measurements of fluorescent stained cellular components from a system capable of scanning multiple microscope fields. Autofocus could be performed directly with fluorescence images, but due to photobleaching and destructive fluorescence by-products, it is best to minimize fluorescence exposure for photosensitive specimens and live cells. This exposure problem could be completely avoided by using phase-contrast microscopy, implemented through the same optics as fluorescence microscopy. Functions for both phase-contrast and fluorescence autofocus were evaluated using the present invention and the suitability of phase-contrast autofocus for fluorescence microscopy was determined. The present autofocus system for scanning microscopy can be performed at least as fast as 0.25 s/field without loss of precision.
摘要翻译： 需要可靠的自动对焦以从能够扫描多个显微镜领域的系统获得荧光染色的细胞成分的精确测量。 自动对焦可以直接用荧光图像进行，但由于光漂白和破坏性荧光副产物，最好使感光标本和活细胞的荧光曝光最小化。 通过使用通过与荧光显微镜相同的光学器件实现的相差显微术可以完全避免这种暴露问题。 使用本发明评价相位对比度和荧光自动聚焦的功能，并确定相位自动对焦自动对焦用于荧光显微镜的适用性。 目前用于扫描显微镜的自动对焦系统可以至少快达0.25秒/场，而不会损失精度。
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公开(公告)号：US5548661A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US302044
申请日：1994-09-07
申请人： Jeffrey H. Price , David Gough
发明人： Jeffrey H. Price , David Gough
CPC分类号： G06T7/0083 , G01N15/147 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/6458 , G06K9/00127 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0095 , G06T2207/10056 , G06T2207/10064 , G06T2207/30024
摘要： An operator independent image cytometer having a method for image segmentation. Image segmentation comprises the steps of filtering a digital image of a cellular specimen and thresholding the resultant image. In addition, the thresholding may include the sorting of features extracted from the filtered image. The present invention also includes a method for cytometer autofocus that combines the benefits of sharpening and contrast metrics. The present invention further includes an arc lamp stabilization and intensity control system. The image cytometer has broad applications in determining DNA content and other cellular measurements on as many as 10.sup.5 individual cells, including specimens of living cells. Image segmentation applications include PAP smear analysis and particle recognition.
摘要翻译： 具有用于图像分割的方法的操作者独立的图像细胞计数器。 图像分割包括对细胞样本的数字图像进行过滤并对所得到的图像进行阈值化的步骤。 此外，阈值处理可以包括从滤波图像提取的特征的排序。 本发明还包括一种结合了锐化和对比度量度的优点的用于细胞仪自动对焦的方法。 本发明还包括弧光灯稳定和亮度控制系统。 图像细胞仪在确定多达105个个体细胞（包括活细胞标本）的DNA含量和其他细胞测量中具有广泛的应用。 图像分割应用包括PAP涂片分析和粒子识别。
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3.发明授权Autofocus system for scanning microscopy having a volume image formation 失效用于扫描具有体积图像形成的显微镜的自动对焦系统
公开(公告)号：US5932872A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US913647
申请日：1997-09-10
申请人： Jeffrey H. Price
发明人： Jeffrey H. Price
CPC分类号： G02B21/244 , G01N15/147 , G02B21/002
摘要： Reliable autofocus is required to obtain accurate measurements of fluorescent stained cellular components from a system capable of scanning multiple microscope fields. Autofocus could be performed directly with fluorescence images, but due to photobleaching and destructive fluorescence by-products, it is best to minimize fluorescence exposure for photosensitive specimens and live cells. This exposure problem could be completely avoided by using phase-contrast microscopy, implemented through the same optics as fluorescence microscopy. Functions for both phase-contrast and fluorescence autofocus were evaluated using the present invention and the suitability of phase-contrast autofocus for fluorescence microscopy was determined. The present autofocus system for scanning microscopy can be performed at least as fast as 0.25 s/field without loss of precision. The speed of autofocus can be further increased by a volume image which is obtained by observing an image object at each image plane of a plurality of image planes, where each image plane is vertically displaced with respect to each other image plane. An electronic image representation is obtained at each image plane. The image planes are scanned over the image object and the images arm aligned timewise in a buffer. The buffer holds a volume image comprising images at the image planes, aligned by the buffer. The image plane having the best focus is selected and a microscope objective is automatically positioned at the selected plane.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US95 / 08424 Sec。 371日期1998年1月20日 102（e）日期1998年1月20日PCT提交1995年6月30日PCT公布。 公开号WO96 / 01438 日期1996年1月18日需要进行可靠的自动对焦以从能够扫描多个显微镜领域的系统获得荧光染色的细胞成分的精确测量。 自动对焦可以直接用荧光图像进行，但由于光漂白和破坏性荧光副产物，最好使感光标本和活细胞的荧光曝光最小化。 通过使用通过与荧光显微镜相同的光学器件实现的相差显微术可以完全避免这种暴露问题。 使用本发明评价相位对比度和荧光自动聚焦的功能，并确定相位自动对焦自动对焦用于荧光显微镜的适用性。 目前用于扫描显微镜的自动对焦系统可以至少快达0.25秒/场，而不会损失精度。 可以通过在多个图像平面的每个图像平面处观察图像对象而获得的体积图像来进一步增加自动对焦速度，其中每个图像平面相对于彼此图像平面垂直移位。 在每个图像平面处获得电子图像表示。 图像平面在图像对象上扫描，图像臂在缓冲器中按时间对齐。 缓冲器保存包括图像平面处的图像的体积图像，由缓冲器对准。 选择具有最佳焦点的图像平面，并且显微镜物镜被自动定位在所选择的平面上。
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公开(公告)号：US5856665A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US858293
申请日：1997-05-19
申请人： Jeffrey H. Price , David Gough
发明人： Jeffrey H. Price , David Gough
CPC分类号： G06T7/0083 , G01N15/147 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/6458 , G06K9/00127 , G06T7/0012 , G06T7/0095 , G06T2207/10056 , G06T2207/10064 , G06T2207/30024
摘要： An operator independent image cytometer having a method for image segmentation. Image segmentation comprises the steps of filtering a digital image of a cellular specimen and thresholding the resultant image. In addition, the thresholding may include the sorting of features extracted from the filtered image. The present invention also includes a method for cytometer autofocus that combines the benefits of sharpening and contrast metrics. The present invention further includes an arc lamp stabilization and intensity control system. The image cytometer has broad applications in determining DNA content and other cellular measurements on as many as 10.sup.5 individual cells, including specimens of living cells. Image segmentation applications include PAP smear analysis and particle recognition.
摘要翻译： 具有用于图像分割的方法的操作者独立的图像细胞计数器。 图像分割包括对细胞样本的数字图像进行过滤并对所得到的图像进行阈值化的步骤。 此外，阈值处理可以包括从滤波图像提取的特征的排序。 本发明还包括一种结合了锐化和对比度量度的优点的用于细胞仪自动对焦的方法。 本发明还包括弧光灯稳定和亮度控制系统。 图像细胞仪在确定多达105个个体细胞（包括活细胞标本）的DNA含量和其他细胞测量中具有广泛的应用。 图像分割应用包括PAP涂片分析和粒子识别。
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5.发明授权Method and means of least squares designed filters for image segmentation in scanning cytometry 失效用于扫描细胞计数的图像分割的最小二乘法设计滤波器的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5790692A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-04
申请号：US820442
申请日：1997-03-12
申请人： Jeffrey H. Price , David A. Gough
发明人： Jeffrey H. Price , David A. Gough
CPC分类号： G06T7/0081 , G01N15/147 , G06K9/00127 , G06T7/0012 , G06T2207/10056 , G06T2207/10064 , G06T2207/20148 , G06T2207/30024
摘要： In an image segmentation system that processes image objects by digital filtration, a digital filter is defined. The digital filter includes a neighborhood operator for processing intensity values of neighborhoods of pixels in a pixel array. A first pixel array is received defining a pixelated image including one or more objects and a background and a second pixel array is received that defines a reference image. The reference image includes at least one object included in the pixelated image in a background. In the reference image, pixels included in the at least one object are distinguished from pixels included in the background by a predetermined amount of contrast. Pixels of the first and second images are compared to determine a merit value; the merit value is used to compute neighborhood operator values; and, the neighborhood operator is applied to images in order to create or enhance contrast between objects and background in the images.
摘要翻译： 在通过数字滤波处理图像对象的图像分割系统中，定义了数字滤波器。 数字滤波器包括用于处理像素阵列中的像素的邻域的强度值的邻域运算符。 接收第一像素阵列，其定义包括一个或多个对象和背景的像素化图像，并且接收限定参考图像的第二像素阵列。 参考图像包括背景中包括在像素化图像中的至少一个对象。 在参考图像中，将包括在至少一个对象中的像素与包含在背景中的像素区分预定量的对比度。 比较第一和第二图像的像素以确定优值; 优点值用于计算邻域运算符值; 并且，邻域运算符被应用于图像以便创建或增强图像中的对象和背景之间的对比度。
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