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    Methods of using silacrown ethers as catalysts
    1.
    发明授权
    Methods of using silacrown ethers as catalysts 失效
    使用硅氯醚作为催化剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4699991A

    公开(公告)日：1987-10-13

    申请号：US426519

    申请日：1982-09-29

    申请人： Barry C. Arkles

    发明人： Barry C. Arkles

    IPC分类号： C07F7/18 ,  C07C120/02 ,  C07C120/04 ,  C07C125/06

    CPC分类号： C07F7/184 ,  C07F7/1836

    摘要： Organosilicon compounds referred to as silacrown ethers or "silacrowns" are of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are organic radicals or hydrogen and n is an integer between 4 and 10 inclusive. Silacrown ethers are prepared by reacting polyethylene glycol with substituted silanes under conditions promoting cyclization over polymerization. Silacrown ethers may be employed as phase-transfer catalysts in solution or immobilized on siliceous supports.

    摘要翻译： 被称为硅溶胶醚或“硅藻糖”的有机硅化合物具有以下通式：其中R 1和R 2是有机基团或氢，n是4和10之间的整数。 通过在促进聚合反应环化的条件下使聚乙二醇与取代的硅烷反应制备硅烷基醚。 硅沙酮醚可用作溶液中的相转移催化剂或固定在硅质载体上。

    Preparation of tertiary alkyl cyanides
    4.
    发明授权
    Preparation of tertiary alkyl cyanides 失效
    叔烷基氰化物的制备

    公开(公告)号：US4419296A

    公开(公告)日：1983-12-06

    申请号：US353986

    申请日：1982-03-02

    申请人： Manfred T. Reetz ,  Ioannis Chatziiosifidis

    发明人： Manfred T. Reetz ,  Ioannis Chatziiosifidis

    IPC分类号： C07D251/10 ,  A01N43/64 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C253/00 ,  C07C255/03 ,  C07C255/31 ,  C07C255/45 ,  C07F7/10 ,  C07F7/12 ,  C07C120/04

    CPC分类号： C07C255/00 ,  C07C253/14

    摘要： Tertiary alkyl cyanides of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent identical or different alkyl group or, together with the tertiary carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a polycycloalkyl group, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the tertiary carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cycloalkyl group or a bicycloalkyl group, the alkyl groups, polycycloalkyl group, cycloalkyl group or bicycloalkyl group being optionally substituted by suitable substituents (as hereinbefore defined),are obtained in good yields by a process in which a tertiary alkyl halide of the formula ##STR2## wherein X represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, andR.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meaning given above, is reacted with trimethylsilyl cyanide of the formula, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiCN (III), in the presence of a Lewis acid selected from SnCl.sub.4, TiCl.sub.4 and BiCl.sub.3, and, if appropriate, in the presence of a diluent, at a temperature between 10.degree. and 40.degree. C. The tertiary alkyl cyanides of formula (I) can be used as intermediate products, for example for the preparation of known herbicides.

    摘要翻译： 一般式（I）的叔烷基氰化物，其中R 1，R 2和R 3表示相同或不同的烷基，或与它们所键合的叔碳原子一起形成多环烷基，或者R 1和R 2一起 与它们所键合的叔碳原子形成环烷基或双环烷基，可以通过适当的取代基（如上定义）任意取代的烷基，多环烷基，环烷基或双环烷基以良好的产率由 其中X表示氯，溴或碘原子，其中R 1，R 2和R 3具有上述含义的式Ⅺ（Ⅱ）的叔烷基卤化物与下式的三甲基甲硅烷基氰反应：（ CH 3）3 SiCN（III），在选自SnCl 4，TiCl 4和BiCl 3的路易斯酸存在下，以及如果合适的话，在稀释剂存在下，在10℃和40℃之间的温度下，将叔烷基氰化物 公式（I ）可用作中间产物，例如用于制备已知除草剂。

    Preparation of alkyl cyanoacetates
    5.
    发明授权
    Preparation of alkyl cyanoacetates 失效
    氰基乙酸烷基酯的制备

    公开(公告)号：US4322369A

    公开(公告)日：1982-03-30

    申请号：US216363

    申请日：1980-12-15

    申请人： Michel Desbois ,  Gerard Soula

    发明人： Michel Desbois ,  Gerard Soula

    IPC分类号： C07C255/19 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C253/00 ,  C07C120/04

    CPC分类号： C07C255/00 ,  C07C253/14

    摘要： The alkyl cyanoacetates are prepared by reacting an alkyl chloracetate with an excess of an alkali metal cyanide, in an inert solvent and in the presence of at least one tertiary amine sequestering agent having the formula:N--CHR.sub.1 --CHR.sub.2 --O--CHR.sub.3 --CHR.sub.4 --O.sub.n R.sub.5 ].sub.3 (I).

    摘要翻译： 氰基乙酸烷基酯通过使氯代乙酸烷基酯与过量的碱金属氰化物在惰性溶剂中并在至少一种具有下式的叔胺螯合剂的存在下反应制备：N-CHR1-CHR2-O-CHR3-CHR4 -OnR5] 3（I）。

    Process for production of .gamma.-halonitriles
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for production of .gamma.-halonitriles 失效
    生产“-HALONITRILES”的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4001293A

    公开(公告)日：1977-01-04

    申请号：US564252

    申请日：1975-04-02

    申请人： James H. Plonka ,  Ralph A. Davis

    发明人： James H. Plonka ,  Ralph A. Davis

    IPC分类号： C07C120/04

    摘要： A new process for preparing .gamma.-halonitriles comprising reacting by contacting a 1,3-dihalopropane, such as 1-chloro-3-bromopropane, or mixtures thereof, such as 1-chloro-3-bromopropane and 1-chloro-3-iodopropane, with an alkali metal cyanide, such a sodium cyanide, in the presence of an onium salt, such as benzyltriethylammonium chloride, and an alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride. The .gamma.-halonitriles are useful in preparing cyclopropylcyanide, a herbicide intermediate.

    Process for the preparation of .alpha.-cyanobenzyl esters
    7.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of .alpha.-cyanobenzyl esters 失效
    制备α-氰基苄基酯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4315868A

    公开(公告)日：1982-02-16

    申请号：US193798

    申请日：1980-10-03

    申请人： Jacques Martel ,  Jean Tessier ,  Jean-Pierre Demoute ,  Andre Teche

    发明人： Jacques Martel ,  Jean Tessier ,  Jean-Pierre Demoute ,  Andre Teche

    IPC分类号： C07C69/007 ,  A01N37/10 ,  A01N53/02 ,  A01N53/06 ,  A01N53/08 ,  C07C43/225 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C69/74 ,  C07C69/743 ,  C07C69/747 ,  C07C69/76 ,  C07C255/16 ,  C07C255/38 ,  C07C255/53 ,  C07C313/00 ,  C07C319/20 ,  C07C323/12 ,  C07D209/49 ,  C07D307/42 ,  C07C120/04 ,  C07C121/66 ,  C07C121/75

    CPC分类号： C07C255/00 ,  C07C43/225

    摘要： Novel esters in the form of their stereoisomers and mixtures of stereoisomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 may both be methyl and when Y.sub.1 is hydrogen, Y.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## and Y.sub.3 and Y.sub.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine and chlorine or the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and when Y.sub.2 is ##STR4## R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR5## A is selected from the group consisting of ##STR6## and when Y.sub.2 is -CHBr-CCl.sub.2 Br, R.sub.2 is m-phenoxy-phenyl and when R.sub.1 is R.sub.1 ' and Y.sub.2 is ##STR7## the said acid moiety may be in the cis or trans form or mixtures thereof or optically active isomeric form or racemic mixtures thereof and when R.sub.1 is R.sub.1 ", the said acid moiety is optically active isomeric form or racemic mixtures thereof and the compounds may be in one of two diastereoisomeric forms due to the existence of the asymetrical carbon atoms to which X is attached having insecticidal activity and their preparation.

    摘要翻译： 其立体异构体形式的新型酯和式IA的立体异构体的混合物，其中X选自氟，氯和溴。R1选自下组：Y1和Y2可以是 甲基，当Y1为氢时，Y2选自和Y3，Y4分别选自氟，溴和氯或由氢和甲基组成的组，Z选自 由氢，氟，氯，溴，1至4个碳原子的烷基和1至4个碳原子的烷氧基组成，当Y2是 R2时，选自 A是选自 + TR ，当Y2是-CHBr-CCl2Br时，R2是间苯氧基 - 苯基，当R1是R1'且Y2是< 所述酸部分可以是顺式或反式或其混合物或旋光异构体 ic形式或外消旋混合物，并且当R 1为R 1“时，所述酸部分为旋光异构体形式或其外消旋混合物，并且由于存在非对映异构体形式，化合物可以是非对映异构体形式之一，其中X 附着有杀虫活性及其制备。

    Process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles
    8.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of aromatic nitriles 失效
    芳香腈制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US4211721A

    公开(公告)日：1980-07-08

    申请号：US966433

    申请日：1978-12-04

    申请人： Byron R. Cotter

    发明人： Byron R. Cotter

    IPC分类号： B01J31/24 ,  C07C120/04

    CPC分类号： B01J31/0204 ,  B01J31/06 ,  B01J31/2404 ,  B01J31/30 ,  C07C253/14 ,  C07C255/00 ,  B01J2231/4205 ,  B01J2531/824

    摘要： A method and a useful catalyst composition for the production of aromatic nitriles for the corresponding nuclearly halogenated aromatic compounds which contain from 1 to 4 halogen atoms substituted selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine are described.The method involves the steps of heating the halogenated aromatic compound to a temperature of at least 100.degree. C. for a period of at least 2 hours in the presence of potassium cyanide and a catalyst composition comprised of:(a) a ether component selected from the group consisting of 18-crown-6 ether, polyethers, alkyoxypolyethers and mixtures thereof having a molecular weight between about 200 and about 25,000, and(b) a palladium salt complex comprised of:(1) a palladium salt selected from palladium iodide, chloride, bromide and mixtures thereof, and(2) an organophosphine selected from the group consisting of alkyarylphosphines and triarylphosphines containing from about 8 to about 80 carbon atoms.

    摘要翻译： 描述了用于生产芳族腈的方法和有用的催化剂组合物，所述组合物含有1至4个被选自氯，溴和碘的卤素原子的相应的核卤化芳族化合物。 该方法包括在氰化钾和催化剂组合物存在下将卤代芳族化合物加热至至少100℃至少2小时的步骤，所述催化剂组合物包含：（a）选自以下的醚组分： 分子量为约200至约25,000的18-冠醚-6，聚醚，烷氧基聚醚及其混合物组成的组和（b）钯盐络合物组成的组合物包括：（1）选自碘化钯， 氯化物，溴化物及其混合物，和（2）选自含有约8至约80个碳原子的烷基芳基膦和三芳基膦的有机膦。

    Process for production of cyclopropylcyanide
    10.
    发明授权
    Process for production of cyclopropylcyanide 失效
    环丙基氰生产工艺

    公开(公告)号：US3974199A

    公开(公告)日：1976-08-10

    申请号：US587013

    申请日：1975-06-16

    申请人： James H. Plonka ,  R. Garth Pews

    发明人： James H. Plonka ,  R. Garth Pews

    IPC分类号： C07C255/45 ,  C07C120/04 ,  C07C121/46

    CPC分类号： C07C255/45

    摘要： Cyclopropylcyanide is prepared by an improved process comprising reacting by contacting a .gamma.-halo-butyronitrile or mixture thereof, with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of an onium salt. For example, the reaction of 4-chlorobutyronitrile with sodium hydroxide in the presence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride produces cyclopropylcyanide in high yield.

    摘要翻译： 通过改进的方法制备环丙基氰化物，该方法包括在催化量的鎓盐存在下使γ-卤代丁腈或其混合物与碱金属氢氧化物接触。 例如，在苄基三乙基氯化铵存在下，4-氯代丁腈与氢氧化钠的反应以高产率产生环丙基氰。