Abstract:
Multi-analyte reference solutions having a stable partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in zero headspace packaging and methods for preparing such solutions are disclosed. The solutions have long shelf and use lives when stored at room temperature and are packaged in laminated foil containers having low or no oxygen reactivity. Access devices are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Method and apparatus for determining in a person's exhalation air the concentration of a specific substance in the blood by measuring the concentration of said substance and the concentration of water vapor in the exhalation air and utilizing a known relationship between these concentrations. When the method is applied the exhalation air is exhaled freely in a defined air volume having a predetermined composition, and said concentrations are measured in this air volume. The apparatus for working the method comprises a device (16) which defines a space for receiving the exhalation air, which has two mutually opposite openings through which the space communicates with the surrounding air, and means (18, 22, 23) for selective quantitative detection of said substance in the air in the defined space.
Abstract:
An automated modeler for modeling of an interactive system comprising at least one biological entity and at least one pharmaceutical substance, the system comprising, a representation of states of said system, a knowledge tree builder, associated with said representation for allowing users to define the states, expected relationships between said states and independent inputs to the states, and a data miner associated with said representation to operate on data taken from said system to apply said data to said states in accordance with said defined relationships and inputs, thereby to apply numerical values to said relationships and said inputs, thereby to model said interactions.
Abstract:
A methods of indirectly measuring the nitrogen concentration in a gas mixture. The molecular weight of the gas is modeled as a function of the speed of sound in the gas, the diluent concentrations in the gas, and constant values, resulting in a model equation. Regression analysis is used to calculate the constant values, which can then be substituted into the model equation. If the speed of sound in the gas is measured at two states and diluent concentrations other than nitrogen (typically carbon dioxide) are known, two equations for molecular weight can be equated and solved for the nitrogen concentration in the gas mixture.
Abstract:
The invention encompasses a method of generating information about materials in a composition. A reagent is utilized to dissolve portions of the composition, and thereafter is filtered through a substrate which is then scanned with a microscope using automated displacement of the substrate to obtain data about the non-dissolved portions at locations along a grid pattern. Information about the size and quantity of the non-dissolved portions of the composition is generated. The invention also encompasses a method of generating information about impurities present in a metal composition. Metallic portions of the composition are selectively dissolved relative to impurities to form a solution. The solution is filtered through a substrate which is then scanned with a microscope to obtain data about a darkness of the impurities relative to a background. The data is processed to generate information about the size, quantity and type of the impurities.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for detection of electromechanical and mechanical errors in an electron beam device is provided. First the existing subfield is divided into a gridlike structure where each grid can be considered a target. Then a plurality of target points are provided on each grid for measuring combined directional variances. The separated horizontal and vertical variances is also measured for each of the target points. This leads to the performance of a significance tests, based on the F statistic which we refer to as FHV, for horizontal and vertical values of each target points during which FSTITCH values are also obtained. The FSTITCH values are then compared for horizontal and vertical values and an error alert provided when there is a sufficiently large disparity between the separated FSTITCH values. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, a three dimensional grid is also provided to be used in a similar manner. The severity of the error can also be determined based on the disparity of the values. Lastly we refer to a simple F statistic for testing for flatness of the entire field, based on row and field information and refer to it as FROWS.
Abstract:
A molecular similarity evaluation method has steps of: (a) obtaining an upper threshold and a lower threshold from one of a value specific to an atom included in a first molecule, a value specific to an atom included in a second molecule of which correlation with respect to the atom in the first molecule is to be evaluated, or another value obtained from these values; (b) calculating the correlation between the atom in the first molecule and the atom in the second molecule, using the upper and lower thresholds; and (c) evaluating the similarity between the first and second molecules based on the correlation obtained in the step (b).
Abstract:
A non-animal based mixture of components serves as a control for complete blood count (CBC) analysis instruments and paraphernalia. The centrifugible non-animal based mixture simulates blood, and contains blood cell-simulating and other blood constituent-simulating components which are present in the mixture in controlled and known amounts. The mixture can be gravimetrically separated into its blood constituent-simulating components so as to serve as a control that simulates a centrifuged blood sample, and is thus used to check the accuracy of CBC blood analysis instruments, such as those marketed by Becton Dickinson and Company, under the trademark “QBC”.
Abstract:
Amounts of components in a specimen can be analyzed with excellent quantitativity. The analysis includes: measuring an amount of a component to be analyzed in a specimen; measuring an amount of a standard component present originally and homeostatically in the specimen other than the component to be analyzed; determining the amount of the specimen from the amount of the standard component thus measured and a known concentration of the standard component in the specimen; and determining a concentration of the component to be analyzed in the specimen from the amount of the specimen thus determined and the amount of the component to be analyzed thus measured. The quantitative analysis of the present invention allows a component to be analyzed to be measured with high quantitativity as shown in FIG. 1.
Abstract:
A systematic treatment of chemical equilibria is used to determine the average molecular weight of the Suwannee River fulvic acids directly from aqueous solutions. Additionally, parameters such as equilibrium constant and reaction stoichiometry can be calculated. The measurement of the initial mass of unknown analytes is not needed for the determination.