Abstract:
A process is disclosed for reducing the oxygen content of a high-oxygen feedstock. The process is particularly suitable for biomass-based feedstocks. The process comprises contacting the feedstock with carbon monoxide and/or coke in the presence of a catalyst. Conveniently, the coke may be present in the form of a deposit on the catalyst. Carbon monoxide may be generated in a regeneration step of the catalyst. The process may be carried out in conventional refinery equipment.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a process for the production of acrolein and other oxygenated compounds from glycerol. Use is made of an acidic catalyst in a moving bed reactor at 200 - 650°C.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for mild hydro-conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds. The oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are contacted with a hydro- conversion catalyst material at a reaction pressure below 100 bar. Preferred oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are those obtained by the liquefaction of biomass. In a specific embodiment the process is used for production of normal alkanes by hydrotreating mixtures of triglycerides (or compounds derived-from triglycerides, including free fatty acids) and vacuum gasoil.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for fluid catalytic cracking of oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds such as glycerol and bio-oil. In the process the oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds are contacted with a fluid cracking catalyst material for a period of less than 3 seconds. In a preferred process a crude-oil derived material, such as VGO, is also contacted with the catalyst.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting a particulate biomass material to a bioliquid. In the process the biomass material is mixed with a heat transfer medium and a catalytic material, and heated to a temperature in the range of from 150 to 600°C. The particle size of the solid biomass may be reduced by abrasion in admixture with inorganic particles under agitation by a gas. The biomass particles of reduced size obtained in the abrasion process may be converted to bioliquid in any of a number of conversion processes.
Abstract:
Liquid suspensions are disclosed comprising a suspending medium, small particles of biomass, and small particles of an inorganic material. The inorganic material stabilizes the suspension, so that it may be transported by pipeline or tank car without developing a sediment. The suspension may be used in manufacturing a bio-fuel.
Abstract:
A reactive distillation process is disclosed for the selective oxygenation of a biomass. The biomass may be a ligno-cellulosic biomass, or a bio-oil. The process comprises the steps of contacting a biomass slurry with a particulate inorganic material, and heating the mixture to its boiling point. In a preferred embodiment water vapors emanated from the process are collected and condensed to provide a source of fresh water.
Abstract:
Biomass particles are modified by associating the particles with carbon fibers. The carbon fibers may be coated onto the biomass particles, or may be embedded within the biomass particles. As a result of the association with carbon fibers the particles are more susceptible to conversion to bioliquid.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for conversion of cellulose in an Ionic Liquid medium. The process is characterized in that a cellulose-containing feedstock and an Ionic Liquid are mixed at a temperature below 80 °C. The mixture is heated to a conversion temperature in the range of 80 °C to 220 °C under a hydrogen atmosphere. The presence of hydrogen during the heating step significantly reduces the formation of degradation products.