摘要:
The present disclosure relates to a system and a process for producing biofuel. The system comprises at least one feed tank; a low pressure pump; a high pressure pump; a first heat exchanger; a second heat exchanger; a reaction vessel; a precipitation vessel; a first pressure let-down station; a third heat exchanger; a second pressure let-down station; a gas-liquid separator; and a biofuel separator. The process comprises pressurizing and heating a feed, followed by reforming the pressurized and heated feed to obtain a slurry. The solids are separated from the slurry by precipitation to obtain a mixture comprising biofuel and the non- reformed feed. The mixture is then cooled and de-pressurized, followed by separation of 0 gases and the non-reformed feed to obtain the biofuel. The system and process of the present disclosure can be used to produce biofuel from diverse, easily available and inexpensive starting material.
摘要:
A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon useful as gasoline component from solid biomass is provided. The process provides for longer ZSM-5 condensation catalyst life by contacting the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate containing diols produced from digestion and hydrodoxygenation of the solid biomass to an amorphous silica alumina catalyst to reduce the diols content, and optionally removing water, prior to contacting with the ZSM-5 condensation catalyst.
摘要:
Liquefaction processes are provided that can include: providing a biomass slurry solution having a temperature of at least 300°C at a pressure of at least 2000 psig; cooling the solution to a temperature of less than 150 °C; and depressurizing the solution to release carbon dioxide from the solution and form at least part of a bio-oil foam. Liquefaction processes are also provided that can include: filtering the biomass slurry to remove particulates; and cooling and depressurizing the filtered solution to form the bio-oil foam. Liquefaction systems are provided that can include: a heated biomass slurry reaction zone maintained above 300 °C and at least 2000 psig and in continuous fluid communication with a flash cooling/depressurization zone maintained below 150 °C and between about 125 psig and about atmospheric pressure. Liquefaction systems are also provided that can include a foam/liquid separation system. Liquefaction process intermediate compositions are provided that can include a bio-oil foam phase separated from an aqueous biomass solids solution.
摘要:
The field of the invention is thermal conversion of waste vegetable and animal fats into liquid fuel products. The technological process involves heating fats with the addition of the catalysts in an adapted reactor and distilling off the product, which then condense in the external condenser. The reactor process is preceded by a purification of fats from mechanical impurities and water and proteins, as long as they are an essential component of waste. The catalysts are recovered during the process and regenerated. The only by-products are carbon dioxide and small amounts of hydrocarbons of low boiling point, wherein said hydrocarbons also can be used as fuel additives.
摘要:
The invention provides for a fluid having a boiling point in the range of from 100 to 400°C and comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and containing less than 100ppm aromatics, obtainable by the process comprising the step of catalytically hydrogenating a feed comprising more than 95% by weight of a hydrodeoxygenated isomerized hydrocarbon biomass feedstock, at a temperature from 80 to 180°C and at a pressure from 50 to 160 bars. The invention also provides for a fluid having a boiling point in the range of from 100 to 400°C and a boiling range below 80°C, said fluid comprising more than 95% isoparaffins and less than 3% of naphthens by weight and having a ratio of isoparaffins to n-paraffins of at least 12:1, a biodegradability at 28 days of at least 60%, as measured according to the OECD 306 standard, a biocarbon content of at least 95% by weight, and containing less than 100ppm aromatics by weight. The invention finally provides for uses of the fluid.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a method of producing biohydrocarbons comprising the steps of (1) providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock, preferably by deoxygenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrotreatment or hydrocracking, and containing at least 65wt.% iso-paraffins, and (2) thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons at a temperature (coil outlet temperature) of at most 825°C. The biohydrocarbons can further be polymerized to obtain bio-polymers such as polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymers such as polyethylene terephthalate. The invention further relates to biohydrocarbons obtainable by the method.
摘要:
Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Pyrolyseöls beschrieben. Hierbei erfolgt zunächst eine Pyrolyse eines zu behandelnden Ausgangsmaterials in einer Pyrolysezone, in der das Ausgangsmaterials auf eine Temperatur von 250 °C bis 700 °C erwärmt wird und pyrolysierte Feststoffe und Pyrolysedämpfe gebildet werden. Die Pyrolysedämpfe werden dann in einer Nachkonditionierungszone bei einer Temperatur von 450 °C bis 1200 °C reformiert, in der die Pyrolysedämpfe mit einer Katalysatorschüttung in Kontakt gebracht werden wobei das Pyrolyseöl gebildet wird. Der Katalysator umfasst hierbei einen nach der vorstehend angegebenen Pyrolyse erhältlichen pyrolysierten Feststoff. Schließlich erfolgt die Abtrennung des Pyrolyseöls von weiteren gebildeten Pyrolyseprodukten in einer Separationseinheit. Das Pyrolyseöl weist einem Kohlenstoff-Gehalt größer 65 Gew.-%, einen Wasserstoff- Gehalt größer 5 Gew.-% und einem Sauerstoffgehalt kleiner 16 Gew.-% auf. Daneben besitzt es einem 14 C-Gehalt von zumindest 0, 1 ppT und einer Säurezahl kleiner 15 mg KOH/g.
摘要:
A composition comprising an inorganic particulate material adapted to convert a biomass material into hydrolysis products is provided, The inorganic particulate material comprises at least 0,1 wt.% of at least one impurity in its crystal structure based on the total weight of the inorganic particulate material. Methods of convert a biomass material into hydrolysis products using the compositions comprising an inorganic particulate material are also provided,
摘要:
Methods of separating and utilizing char produced by the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass are described. In a preferred method, a portion of the char from a catalytic pyrolysis reactor is recovered and treated and combusted to provide heat to the catalytic pyrolysis reactor. A novel char and methods of amending soil with a char composition are also described.
摘要:
A process for liquid-liquid extraction of an oil-blend of non-uniform oligomeric and polymeric components, wherein "non-uniform" means that the components may have a varying size, shape and mass distribution, the process comprising a separation step wherein heavy components and light components in the oil-blend having similar chemical functionalities are separated to produce a heavy components fraction and a light components fraction, wherein the process comprises the steps (a) to (e): (a) preselecting a desired molecular weight (Mw) boundary between heavy and light components; (b) selecting an extractive solvent or an extractive mixture of solvents, which form essentially a single phase with the light components, such that at least 80% of the light components are dissolved, at elevated temperature, being the fractionation temperature, and in which the heavy components are essentially immiscible at the fractionation temperature, such that at most 10% of the heavy components are dissolved at said temperature in an amount of the extractive solvent / mixture of solvents in which the light components are fully dissolved at that temperature; (c) mixing the oil-blend and the extractive solvent or extractive mixture of solvents selected in step (b) at elevated temperature, which is at least at or above said fractionation temperature, and wherein the extractive solvent / mixture of solvents to oil-blend ratio is from 1:2 to 100:1; (d) allowing a phase split to form between the heavy components fraction and the light components/extractive solvent fraction at the fractionation temperature or at most 10 °C below the fractionation temperature; (e) followed by separation of said fractions.