Abstract:
Scale deposition on a heat transfer surface in a liquid system such as a heat exchanger is estimated by directing of small portion of the liquid flow through a test cell, consisting of a sensor (10) positioned on and projecting through a conduit wall (32). The sensor (10) consists of a conductive block (16) containing a heater (14) and having a heated wetted test surface (22) that is flush with the inside of the conduit wall (32) and in contact with the flow through the conduit (11). Within the conductive block (16) are two temperature sensors (18, 20) which are at different distances from the heated wetted test surface (22) and the heater (14). The periphery of the apparatus (10) is designed to reduce heat flow through the periphery and allow greater heat flow through the heated wetted test surface (22). By comparing the temperature differential between the two temperature sensors (18, 20) to the differential when no scale (40) is present, the presence of and amount of scale (40) can be determined, based on reduced heat transfer through the heated wetted surface (22) caused by the accumulated scale (40). The change in the temperature differential is directly proportional to the scale thickness for a given type of scale (40). When the thickness of the scale (40) is determined by another means, the nature of the scale (40) can be implied. The sensitivity of the measurement can be adjusted to accommodate a very wide range of bulk liquid (36) or ambient temperature via adjustment of the heat flux through the provided secondary heat flux path.
Abstract:
A monitoring apparatus for monitoring the temperature of a body, said apparatus comprising a housing defining a volume of air exposed to said body, a temperature sensor being located within said volume of air at a position remote from said body whereby the temperature of the body can be determined from the output of the temperature sensor. In one embodiment said housing defines a substantially vertically arranged flue exposed at its lower end to said body, said temperature sensor being located within said flue, at least one air inlet being provided in said flue at a position below said temperature sensor, at least one air outlet being provided in said flue at a position above said temperature sensor, whereby said body, when heated, may initiate a rising column of air within the flue due to convection when the temperature of the body is greater than the ambient temperature, said temperature sensor being exposed to said rising column of air.
Abstract:
Es wird eine Vorrichtung (110) zur Erfassung einer Temperatur eines strömenden fluiden Mediums vorgeschlagen. Die Vorrichtung (110) umfasst mindestens einen Temperaturfühler (114), welcher eingerichtet ist, um in die Strömung des fluiden Mediums eingebracht zu werden. Der Temperaturfühler (114) weist einen Fühlerkörper (124) und einen in das fluide Medium hineinragenden Messkopf (128) auf. In dem Messkopf (128) ist mindestens ein Sensorelement (130) zur Erfassung einer Temperatur aufgenommen. Der Messkopf (128) weist auf mindestens einer dem fluiden Medium zuweisenden Oberfläche (142) mindestens ein Turbulatorelement (144) auf, welches eingerichtet ist, um bei in die Strömung des fluiden Mediums eingebrachtem Temperaturfühler (114) einen Umschlag von einer laminaren Strömung in eine turbulente Strömung an der Oberfläche (142) zu bewirken.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Energiespeichersystem mit zumindest einer Energiespeicherzelle und einem Verbindungselement zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung zur Energiespeicherzelle. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Temperatur und Spannung an einer elektrischen / elektronischen Komponente. Gattungsgemäße Energiespeichersysteme finden ihre Anwendungen insb. in Fahrzeugen mit Elektro- oder Hybridantrieb als Stromquelle für elektrischen Antrieb des Fahrzeugs oder zum Betreiben von elektrischen Fahrzeugkomponenten. Das erfindungsgemäße Energiespeichersystem weist eine flexible Leiterplatte zur Überwachung der Energiespeicherzelle, wobei diese flexible Leiterplatte mit dem Verbindungselement über eine erste Kontaktfläche kontaktiert bzw. verbunden ist. Dabei ist diese erste Kontaktfläche ein Teil der Leiterbahn der flexiblen Leiterplatte und so ausgebildet, dass diese Kontaktfläche die Wärme von der Energiespeicherzelle aufnimmt. An dieser ersten Kontaktfläche weist die flexible Leiterplatte einen Temperatursensor auf, wobei dieser Temperatursensor mit der ersten Kontaktfläche über eine wärmeleitende Kontaktstelle kontaktiert ist und die Temperatur an der ersten Kontaktfläche erfasst.
Abstract:
The invention provides a surface structure with temperature measuring means and/or heating means as well as a method of manufacturing such surface structures. The present invention enables relatively simple manufacture of irregularly formed surfaces with integrated electrical resistance paths for uniform surface temperature control and accurate surface heat flux measurement, overcoming the difficulty of the prior art to adhere additional foils or wires to such complex surfaces/shapes. The predefined surface structure is created by additive and/or subtractive manufacturing technology and suitable conductive layers may be applied directly by a coating technique before filling out the specially-formed cavities with a suitable thermally- insulating filler material.
Abstract:
Disposable, zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature probes are constructed using a support assembly (500) constituted of a flexible substrate (502, 504, 506) that supports elements of the probe. One support assembly embodiment includes a folded substrate with a heater (514) and thermal sensors disposed on it. Another support assembly includes multiple sections separable into strata (542) supporting a covering guard heater (546), a central thermal sensor (508), and a thermal sensor displaced at least radially from the central thermal sensor.
Abstract:
When measuring core body temperature in a patient, a curved sensor (10) is provide that has a predefined radius of curvature to fit comfortably and closely to a patient's forehead. The sensor (10) has at least one releasable securing strip (e.g., Velcro TM ) that couples the sensor (10) to a headband (14), as well as an adhesive strip (16) that is positioned along one edge of an interior surface of the sensor (10) and couples the 5 sensor (10) to the patient's skin. The adhesive strip acts as a hinge that facilitates inspection of the skin beneath the sensor without complete removal of the sensor, and the headband and curvature of the sensor provide a snug fit of the interior surface of the sensor against the patient's skin. Additionally, the sensor may be a zero heat flux sensor (34) with a heater (32) placed on one side thereof and a thermister (36) placed on an opposite side 10 thereof, between the heat flux sensor (34) and a patient's skin. The heater is adjusted until heat flux through the heat flux sensor is zero, at which point the patient's skin surface temperature (as detected by the thermistor) is recorded as a core body temperature. Moreover, the thermister (34, 72) may be quickly calibrated by linearizing a temperature vs. resistance curve therefore, and shifting the linearized curve to a predetermined 15 reference curve.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un capteur de température comprenant : un élément sensible à la température (3); et une enveloppe périphérique (7) recevant l'élément sensible à la température (3) à une extrémité fermée (9), l'enveloppe périphérique (7) étant apte à s'insérer dans une cavité correspondante (11), caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité fermée (9) de l'enveloppe périphérique (7) comporte une portion périphérique (21) dégageant en bout de l'extrémité fermée une butée flexible d'assemblage (23) consécutivement à ladite portion périphérique (21), ladite butée (23) étant susceptible de se déformer vers la portion périphérique (21) par coopération de forme avec le fond (15) de la cavité correspondante (11). L'invention a aussi pour objet un procédé de fabrication et un procédé d'assemblage d'un capteur de température tel que décrit précédemment.
Abstract:
A device for measuring temperature comprising: first and second temperature sensors enclosed in a first material having one or more material components; a contact surface for contacting a body whose temperature is to be measured, at least part of the contact surface being parallel to a lateral direction; wherein the first and second temperature sensors are arranged at different depths from the contact surface and the net thermal conductivity across the device from the contact surface through the first and second temperature sensors is greater than the net lateral thermal conductivity of the device through the first and second temperature sensors.