Abstract:
Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) uses a catalyst comprising a synthetic porous inorganic crystalline material which contains a cation of an onium compound, e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium, within the pores of said material. The crystalline material has, after calcination, an X-ray diffraction pattern with at least one peak at a d-spacing greater than 18 Angstrom Units and a benzene adsorption capacity of greater than 15 grams benzene per 100 grams of said material at 6.7 kPa (50 torr) and 25 DEG C.
Abstract:
A distributor system (18, 36) for uniformly directing vapor and liquid across the surface of a fixed bed (42) of solids in a downflow reactor (14). A first array of open-ended downpipes (33) has a plurality of vertically spaced elevations of holes (39, 40) above the level of a distributor tray (18). A second array of the downpipes (34) has at least one elevation of holes (41) but no elevation of holes as the same height as the lowermost elevations of holes (40) in the first array (33). The absence of holes causes the liquid flow rate through the distributor tray (18) at a given height to be reduced when that liquid height falls below the elevation of holes (39) second from the bottom in the first array (33).
Abstract:
Organic triazole-derived carboxylic acid-esters, and ester-amide-amine salts have been found to be effective antiwear additives for lubricants and are highly useful in fuels.
Abstract:
A transparent multilayer film made from a polymer substrate, preferably polypropylene, is modified by a maleic anhydride modified propylene polymer, which can be located on a surface of the substrate and/or incorporated within the substrate, has a skin layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer which is coated with a transparent gas barrier layer, such as a metal oxide, specifically, silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, boron oxide, calcium oxide and barium oxide and a mixture of two or more of the foregoing oxides.
Abstract:
Carbon is deposited on a substrate through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of a decomposable processor containing a seed material additive. The seed material is a hydrocarbon having a high concentration of sp tetrahedrally-coordinated carbon. The seed material provides a template for the replication of sp tetrahedrally-coordinated carbon atoms in the deposited amorphous carbon coating.
Abstract:
A process for solvent dewaxing petroleum feedstock to separate crystallized wax from lubricant oil by filtration of a wax/oil/solvent mixture. A waxy oil is fed through line (1) and is mixed with solvent fed through line (2) from a solvent recovery section. The wax/oil/solvent mixture is fed to heat exchanger (3) and heated to ensure that all wax crystals are dissolved in true solution. This warm mixture is then fed through line (4) to heat exchanger (5) in which it is cooled.
Abstract:
A process is provided for selective catalytic conversion of certain hydrocarbon feedstocks to product rich in para-dialkyl substituted benzenes. The catalyst employed in the process comprises a crystalline material having the structure of PSH-3, MCM-22 or MCM-49, or a mixture of said crystalline materials, said crystalline material having been treated with a selectivating agent, such as a silicon compound, which decomposes to oxide or non-oxide ceramic or solid-state carbon species.
Abstract:
There is provided a process for increasing the Cetane Index of a distillate fraction by reacting the fraction with hydrogen over a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation component, such as platinum, and steamed zeolite Beta. The process results in the selective ring opening of cyclic compounds, such as aromatics, with a minimum of cracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
A process for the rejuvenative catalytic oxidation of offensive substances, such as cyanides, sulfides, sulfites, thiosulfates, mercaptans, disulfides, ammonia and mixtures thereof, contained in waste water is provided. The process comprises adding to the waste water a low concentration of a metal compound and then passing the treated waste water along with a source of oxygen over an adsorbent material to catalytically oxidize the offensive substances contained in the waste water. The process reduces the catalytic impact of the loss of metal from the adsorbent material due to leaching and allows the catalyst to be rejuvenated and allows recovery from process upsets in the treating system without unit shutdown and catalyst replacement. An example of the catalytic support is activated carbon and an example of the metal is copper.
Abstract:
This invention relates to the catalyst composition resulting from the addition of phosphorus, and optionally, a matrix material, to a porous crystalline material having the structure of MCM-22. The addition of phosphorus to the MCM-22 is found to improve the hydrothermal stability of the resulting catalyst. The improved catalyst is useful in organic conversion processes, e.g., catalytic cracking processes.