Abstract:
Disclosed herein are cathode formulations comprising a lithium ion-based electroactive material, and a carbon black, in which the carbon black is selected from one of: (i) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 250 mL/100 g and a crystallite size (La) of at least 30 A, as determined by Raman spectroscopy; (ii) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 300 mL/100 g and a surface energy of less than or equal to 10 mJ/m2; and (iii) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 300 mL/100 g and a crystallite size (La) of at least 35 A, as determined by Raman spectroscopy. Also disclosed are cathodes comprising the cathode formulations, electrochemical cells comprising the cathodes, and methods of making the cathode formulations and cathodes.
Abstract:
A process is described for producing a powder batch comprises a plurality of particles, wherein the particles include (a) a first catalytically active component comprising at least one transition metal or a compound thereof; (b) a second component different from said first component and capable of removing oxygen from, or releasing oxygen to, an exhaust gas stream; and (c) a third component different from said first and second components and comprising a refractory support. The process comprises providing a precursor medium comprising a liquid vehicle and a precursor to al least one of said components (a) to (c) and heating droplets of said precursor medium carried in a gas stream to remove at least part of the liquid vehicle and chemically convert said precursor to said at least one component.
Abstract:
Photovoltaic conductive features and processes for forming photovoltaic conductive features are described. The process comprises (a) depositing a composition onto at least a portion of a substrate, wherein the composition comprises metal-containing particles having a primary particle size of from about 10 nanometers to less than 500 nanometers and including a continuous or non-continuous coating of a ceramic material; and (b) heating the composition such that the precursor composition forms at least a portion of a photovoltaic conductive feature. The metal-containing particles are preferably produced by flame spraying.
Abstract:
In one aspect, the process includes providing a precursor medium comprising a liquid vehicle and a precursor to a component, and flame spraying the precursor medium under conditions effective to form a population of nanoparticles, wherein the nanoparticles include the component. The population of nanoparticles, as formed, comprises less than about 5 percent by volume particles having a particle size greater than 1.0 µm. A size distribution of the population of nanoparticles may have a d50 value less than about 500 nm, and it may be unimodal. The size distribution may have a geometric standard deviation of less than about 2. The process may occur continuously for at least four hours or more. Greater than about 90 percent by weight of the precursor to the component in the precursor medium may be converted to the component in the nanoparticles. The process typically occurs in an enclosed flame spray reactor.
Abstract:
Carbon nanostructures are used to prepare electrode compositions for lithium ion batteries. In one example, a cathode for NCM batteries includes three-dimensional carbon nanostructures which are made of highly entangled nanotubes, fragments of carbon nanostructures and/or fractured nanotubes which are derived from the carbon nanostructures, are branched and share walls with one another. Amounts of carbon nanostructures employed can be less than or equal to 1 weight % relative to the electrode composition.
Abstract:
Compositions that can be used in producing electrodes (e.g., battery electrodes) and related methods are disclosed. As one example, a composition, includes carbonaceous particles; a dispersant; a polymer comprising a maleic anhydride moiety; and a solvent. The carbonaceous particles can include carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, graphenes, graphenes-related materials, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanostructures, activated carbons, carbon aerogels, templated carbons, and/or carbon fibers.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are negative active material compositions, comprising: a carbonaceous material (6') having a surface area of at least 250 m 2 /g; and an organic molecule expander (4'), wherein the ratio of carbonaceous material to expander ranges from 5:1 to 1:1, and wherein the composition has a median pore size ranging from 0.8 μιη to 4 μm. Also disclosed are electrodes and batteries comprising such compositions, and methods of making thereof.
Abstract:
A carbon black having a combination of properties with values in ranges selected to promote high conductivity, high hydrophobicity, and reduced outgassing in lead acid batteries while maintaining high charge acceptance and cycleability. The carbon black has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area ranging from 100 m 2 /g to 1100 m 2 /g combined with one or more properties, e.g., a surface energy (SE) of 10 mJ/m 2 or less, and/or a Raman microcrystalline planar size (L a ) of at least 22 Å, e.g., ranging from 22 Å to 50 Å. In some cases, the carbon black has a statistical thickness surface area (STSA) of at least 100 m 2 /g, e.g., ranging from 100 m 2 /g to 600 m 2 /g.
Abstract:
A catalyst composition comprises a particulate support and catalyst nanoparticles on the particulate support. The catalyst nanoparticles comprise an alloy of platinum and palladium in an atomic ratio of from about 25:75 to about 75:25 and are present in a concentration of between about 3 and about 10 wt% weight percent of the catalyst composition. The catalyst composition has an X- ray diffraction pattern that is substantially free of the (311) diffraction peak assignable to Pt x Pd 1-x , where 0.25 ≤ x ≤ 0.75.
Abstract translation:催化剂组合物包含颗粒载体和颗粒载体上的催化剂纳米颗粒。 催化剂纳米颗粒包含原子比为约25:75至约75:25的铂和钯的合金,并且以催化剂组合物的约3重量%至约10重量%的浓度存在。 催化剂组合物具有基本上不含可分配给PtxPd1-x的(311)衍射峰的X射线衍射图,其中0.25 = x = 0.75。
Abstract:
Security features, e.g., reflective security features, and processes for forming security features are described. The security features comprise crystalline metal-containing particles having a primary particle size of from about 10 nanometers to less than 500 nanometers and including a continuous or non-continuous coating of a ceramic material. Inks comprising such crystalline metal-containing particles are also described. The crystalline metal-containing particles are preferably produced by flame spraying.