摘要:
An apparatus comprises a lean-burn internal combustion engine, engine management means and an exhaust system for treating exhaust gas of the engine, which exhaust system comprises a first oxidation catalyst disposed on a first honeycomb monolith substrate, which first oxidation catalyst comprises platinum supported on a first metal oxide support comprising at least one reducible oxide, wherein the first oxidation catalyst is substantially free of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, wherein the engine management means is arranged, when in use, intermittently to modulate the lambda composition of the exhaust gas entering the first oxidation catalyst to a rich lambda composition.
摘要:
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de préparation d'une lactone. L'invention vise en particulier la préparation de butyrolactone et de valérolactone et de caprolactone. Le procédé de préparation d'une lactone selon l'invention est caractérisé par le fait qu'il comprend la réduction d'un acide dicarboxylique à l'aide d'hydrogène, en phase gazeuse et en présence d'une quantité efficace d'un catalyseur comprenant une phase active ruthénium-étain composée au moins d'un alliage Ru 2 Sn 3 et d'un alliage Ru 3 Sn 7 .
摘要:
Provided is a method for manufacturing a mixed catalyst containing a metal oxide nanowire, and an electrode and a fuel cell which include a mixed catalyst manufactured by said method. The method for manufacturing the mixed catalyst comprises the steps of: forming a metal/polymer mixture nanowire by electrospinning a polymer solution containing a first metal precursor and a second metal precursor; forming a metal oxide nanowire by heat-treating the metal/polymer mixture nanowire; and mixing the metal oxide nanowire with active metal nanoparticles. Here, the metal of the second metal precursor is used as a dopant for the metal oxide nanowire. In the event an electrode catalyst layer of a fuel cell is formed using the manufactured mixed catalyst, the fuel cell has the advantages of significantly improved performance and reduced costs in generating electricity.
摘要:
Processes for forming an ethanol mixture by hydrogenating an acetaldehyde feed stream in the presence of a catalyst. The acetaldehyde feed stream comprises acetaldehyde and at least one of acetic acid and ethanol. Preferably the acetaldehyde feed stream is a by-product stream from a vinyl acetate synthesis process.
摘要:
Catalysts and processes for forming catalysts for use in hydrogenating acetic acid to form ethanol. In one embodiment, the catalyst comprises a first metal, a silicaceous support, and at least one metasilicate support modifier. Preferably, the first metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, titanium, zinc, chromium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. In addition the catalyst may comprise a second metal preferably selected from the group consisting of copper, molybdenum, tin, chromium, iron, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, palladium, platinum, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, and nickel.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for preparing a catalyst including at least one metal M of the platinum group, tin, a phosphorus promoter, a halide compound, a porous substrate, and at least one promoter X1 selected from the group comprising gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. The X1 promoter(s) and the phosphorus are added during one or more sub-steps a1) or a2), the sub-step a1) corresponding to the synthesis of the precursor of the dominant oxide and the sub-step a2) corresponding to the shaping of the substrate. The tin is added during one at least of the sub-steps a1) and a2). The product is dried and calcinated before depositing at least one metal M of the platinum group. The assembly is then dried under a neutral gas flow or an oxygen-containing gas flow and further calcinated. The invention also relates to the use of the catalyst obtained by said method in catalytic-reforming or aromatic production reactions.
摘要:
The invention relates to a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal M, tin, a phosphorus promoter, a halogen compound, a porous support and at least one promoter X1 selected from the group containing gallium, indium, thallium, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. Using 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy the reduced form of the catalyst exhibits a signal with a quadrupole splitting value of between 0 and 0.45 mm/s and an isomeric shift IS of between 1.5 and 2.4 mm/s in relation to CaSnO3, said signal representing between 1 and 30 % of the total area of the signals.
摘要:
The present invention provides: a method for preparing high purity butanol with high selectivity and high productivity comprising (1) a step wherein a microorganism is used to ferment biomass, (2) a step wherein n-butanoic acid is separated from the fermented liquid obtained from (1), (3) a step wherein the n-butanoic acid separated in (2) is subjected to direct reduction in gas phase on a ruthenium hydrogenation catalyst or on a copper nano complex catalyst with hydrogen, and (4) a step wherein butanol is purified by distillation of butanol obtained by hydrogenation; and a hydrogenation catalyst for realizing the above.
摘要:
본 발명은, (1) 미생물을 이용하여 바이오매스를 발효하는 단계, (2) (1)에서 수득된 발효액으로부터 n-부탄산을 분리하는 단계, (3) (2)에서 분리한 n-부탄산을 루테늄계 수소화 촉매 또는 구리계 나노복합체 촉매 상에서 수소에 의하여 직접 기상 환원시키는 단계, 및 (4) 수소화에 의해 얻어진 부탄올의 증류에 의한 부탄올 정제를 포함하는, 고선택성 및 고생산성을 나타내는 고순도 부탄올의 제조 방법 및 이를 구현하기 위한 수소화 촉매를 제공하는 것이다.
摘要:
The present invention provides the preparation of isocyanate-containing alkyl silane, containing the following steps: (a) affording carbamate-containing alkyl silane, (b) carbamate-containing alkyl silane of step (a) is decomposed in the presence of transition metal complex to obtain isocyanate-containing alkyl silane. The said method of the present invention improves the dealcoholization degree of carbamate-containing alkyl silane and has high selectivity of the product of isocyanate-containing alkyl silane.