Abstract:
A process for batch wise production of bio-oil comprising the steps of a) preparing a black liquor composition comprising kraft black liquor, and having a hydroxide ion concentration of -40 g/l, preferably 5-15 g/l based on the volume of black liquor, if necessary adjusting the hydroxide ion concentration by means of addition of an acidifying agent (AA1);b) reacting the black liquor composition in a reactor (R) and reacting the black liquor composition at 220-350 °C for 10-120 minutes, preferably 30-60 minutes in the absence of a solid catalyst; or at 180- 240 °C for 10-120 minutes, preferably 30-60 minutes, in the presence of a solid catalyst, thereby causing depolymerization of lignin in the black liquor;c) cooling the composition to a temperature below the boiling point of a solvent to be added in a subsequent step;d) acidifying the composition by adding one or more acidifying agents (AA2) until a pH of 4-5 is reached;e) adding a solvent (S) to the composition, in order to extract oil from the composition;f) separating the composition by phase separation in a first separation step (S1) intoan oil phase (A) comprising solvent, oil, and organic acids; a first water phase (B) comprising water, salts, and non-depolymerized lignin solids; a second water phase (C1) comprising water and salts;g) filtering (F2) the first phase (A) to remove any particles;h) desalting the filtered oil phase (A) byi) washing it by adding water and separating by phase separation in a second separation step (S2) into an oil phase (D) comprising oil and solvent, and a third water phase (C2) comprising salts; orii) adding adsorbent and/or absorbent material or ion exchange material, or combinations thereof;i) evaporating (E2) the solvent comprised in the oil phase (D), thus obtaining a bio-oil.
Abstract:
Compositions such as polymers that include a ligninsulfonate component. Methods of formin ligninsulfonate containing compositions. Compositions such as polymers that include un- alkylated lignin.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of reducing the color of lignosulfonates, which is carried out by adding a reducing agent and a chelating agent. The lighter color lignosulfonate solutions prepared by the present process exhibits very low staining, good heat stability, and without any additional harmful impact to the application.
Abstract:
본 발명은 PPD(protopanaxadiol)류 진세노사이드 화합물이 처리된 세포를 사용하여 미토콘드리아 분열 조절제를 스크리닝하는 방법, 상기 PPD류 진세노사이드 화합물을 포함하는 미토콘드리아 분열 조절제 스크리닝용 조성물 및 상기 조성물을 포함하는 키트에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 미토콘드리아 분열 조절제를 스크리닝하는 방법을 사용하면, 미토콘드리아의 분열을 조절하여 미토콘드리아 관련 질환을 예방, 개선 또는 치료할 수 있는 제제를 효과적으로 발굴할 수 있으므로, 미토콘드리아 관련 질환의 치료제 개발에 널리 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract:
A method for producing an electrode active coating on a current collector comprising providing isolated lignin and subjecting the isolated lignin to a pre-treatment in order to remove low molecular mass fractionsof the lignin. The pre-treated lignin is mixed with an electrode active material, water and a conductive additive material so as obtain a slurry adapted for coating of a current collector. The coating obtained by the method comprises pre-treated lignin as a binder. The coating obtained has good binding properties between the particles of the coating as well as to the current collector. Furthermore, it has excellent electrochemical properties during use in a lithium-ion battery.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an improved process for separating lignin and monomeric sugars from a liquor comprising lignin and monomeric sugars in a solvent mixture of water and at least one organic solvent, which employs membrane filtration techniques such as nanofiltration and selective water removal, preferably bypermeation through a membrane which is selective for water molecules. The invention further relates to a modular system for executing the process according to the invention. The process and system according to the invention are particularly suitable to be incorporated with pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass, in particular by organosolv fractionation or solvolysis.
Abstract:
A method of depolymerising a lignin includes oxidising the lignin to provide an oxidised lignin wherein benzylic –OH of β-O-4 linkages have been converted to carbonyl. The oxidised lignin is depolymerised with a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminium and titanium or mixtures thereof, in the presence of an ammonium salt or carbon dioxide. Also described are methods for manufacturing phenolic products from lignin and a method for the cleavage of a β-O-4 linkage in a substrate.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un procédé de transformation de biomasse lignocellulosique ou de cellulose en composés mono ou polyoxygénés, dans lequel la biomasse lignocellulosique ou la cellulose est mise en contact, simultanément, avec un système catalytique comprenant une combinaison d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs homogènes et d'un ou plusieurs catalyseurs hétérogènes, dans une même enceinte réactionnelle, en présence d'au moins un solvant, ledit solvant étant de l'eau seule ou en mélange avec au moins un autre solvant, sous atmosphère réductrice, et à une température comprise entre 80°C et 250°C, et à une pression comprise entre 0,5 MPa et 20 MPa