Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Katalysatorträger, umfassend zumindest einen inneren Kern (4), welcher zumindest ein Phasenwechselmaterial enthält oder daraus besteht, eine Hüllschicht (2) um den inneren Kern, welche zumindest ein Metalloxid enthält oder daraus besteht, und eine katalytisch aktive Schicht (1), welche in Zwischenräumen der Hüllschicht (2) und/oder auf der Hüllschicht (2) aufliegend angeordnet ist, wobei in der katalytisch aktiven Schicht (1) mindestens ein katalytisch aktiver Stoff enthalten ist, wobei der Katalysatorträger weiterhin eine Stützschicht (3) aufweist, welche unterhalb der Hüllschicht (2) angeordnet ist. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung einen Kreislaufreaktor und ein Verfahren zur Freisetzung von Wasserstoff aus einem chemischen Wasserstoffspeicher.
Abstract:
A process is described for converting hydroxymethylfurfural to furanic products inclusive of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, comprising combining a quantity of hydroxymethylfurfural with water to provide an aqueous solution containing at least about five percent by weight of hydroxymethylfurfural, and combining the aqueous solution with an oxygen source in the presence of a heterogeneous ruthenium-based catalyst and under conditions which are effective for oxidizing hydroxymethylfurfural to furanic oxidation products inclusive of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, but in the substantial absence of any solvent for either hydroxymethylfurfural or 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid other than water.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a classifier (100) for separation of particles according to their size and/or density. The classifiers (100) disclosed herein may include a mixing chamber (120) and a separation chamber (110), where the separation chamber (110) may have a collector (118) located between two opposed plate arrays (116A, 116B).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process of alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons, and more particularly a process of making paraxylene by alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol and/or dimethyl ether, and to an apparatus for carrying out said process, the improvement comprising staged injection of one of the reactants, with the stages separated by structured packing so as to minimize at least one of gas phase back-mixing, by-pass phenomena, and gas bubble size.
Abstract:
Provided herein are water-soluble, functionalized fullerenes, and processes for producing water-soluble, functionalized fullerenes. The process includes sulfonating a fullerene in an acidic solution comprising sulfuric acid to produce a sulfonated fuUerene, isolating the sulfonated fullerene from the acidic solution without neutralizing the acidic solution, reacting the sulfonated fullerene with hydrogen peroxide to form a reaction product, and isolating a polyhydroxylated fullerene from the reaction product produced from reacting the sulfonated fullerene with the hydrogen peroxide. The process of producing water-soluble fullerenes further includes functionalizing a polyhydroxylated fullerene with one or more pendant functional groups by reacting the polyhydroxylated fullerene with one or more functional group precursors.
Abstract:
Provided herein are water-soluble, functionalized fullerenes, and processes for producing water-soluble, functionalized fullerenes. The process includes sulfonating a fullerene in an acidic solution comprising sulfuric acid to produce a sulfonated fullerene, isolating the sulfonated fullerene from the acidic solution without neutralizing the acidic solution, reacting the sulfonated fullerene with hydrogen peroxide to form a reaction product, and isolating a polyhydroxylated fullerene from the reaction product produced from reacting the sulfonated fullerene with the hydrogen peroxide. The process of producing water-soluble fullerenes further includes functionalizing a polyhydroxylated fullerene with one or more pendant functional groups by reacting the polyhydroxylated fullerene with one or more functional group precursors.
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for supplying a slurry at high temperature and pressure, such as a process slurry from Bayer process digestion units, to a tank is disclosed. The process and the apparatus at least substantially eliminates bottom settling of solid particulate material and side wall scale by supplying the process slurry from Bayer process digestion units with a swirling motion into flash tanks.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for removing silicon compounds from aqueous NaCl brine. In said method, a pH of less than 3 is first adjusted in a weak brine containing hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride or other trivalent iron ions is/are added to said acidified weak brine, the obtained weak brine is continuously conducted into a stirred dissolution vessel which contains undissolved salt in addition to brine, fresh salt is discontinuously charged into the dissolution vessel, the obtained strong brine is conducted into a stirred buffer vessel in which the pH is maintained at a level ranging from 5 to 8, a strong brine flow is continuously withdrawn from the buffer vessel and is filtered, and the filtrate containing the added iron and silicon is discharged. Also disclosed is an apparatus for carrying out said method, comprising a dissolution vessel for salt, a stirrer in the dissolution vessel, a feeding device for charging salt into the dissolution vessel in batches, a point for feeding weak brine into the dissolution vessel, points for feeding hydrochloric acid and iron(III) chloride into the weak brine supply pipe, a buffer vessel for strong brine, a stirrer in the buffer vessel, a fluid connection between the dissolution vessel and the buffer vessel, a filter that has an outlet for strong brine and a withdrawing device for filter cake, and a discharge port and a device for conducting strong brine from the buffer vessel into the filter.
Abstract:
Verfahren zum Entfernen von Siliziumverbindungen aus wässriger NaCI-SoIe, wobei zunächst in einer Dünnsole mit Salzsäure ein pH-Wert von unterhalb 3 eingestellt wird, dieser angesäuerten Dünnsole Eisen-Ill-Chlorid oder andere 3-wertige Eisenionen zugefügt wird, die so vorbereitete Dünnsole kontinuierlich in einen gerührten Auflösebehälter geleitet wird, in dem sich außer Salzsole unaufgelöstes Salz befindet, dem Auflösebehälter chargenweise und diskontinuierlich frisches Salz zugegeben wird, die gebildete Dicksole in einen gerührten Pufferbehälter geleitet wird, dieser Pufferbehälter auf einem pH-Wert zwischen 5 und 8 gehalten wird, aus dem Pufferbehälter kontinuierlich ein Dicksolestrom abgezogen und filtriert wird, und das Filtrat, welches das zugeführte Eisen und Silizium enthält, ausgeschleust wird, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens, enthaltend einen Auflösebehälter für Salz, eine Rühreinrichtung im Auflösebehälter, eine Zugabeeinrichtung für die chargenweise Zugabe von Salz in den Auflösebehälter, eine Zugabestelle für Dünnsole in den Auflösebehälter, Zugabestellen für Salzsäure und für Eisen-Ill-Chlorid in die Dünnsolezuleitung, einen Pufferbehälter für Dicksole eine Rühreinrichtung im Pufferbehälter, eine strömungsmäßige Verbindung zwischen Auflösebehälter und Pufferbehälter, ein Filter mit einem Aus-lass für Dicksole und einer Abzugsvorichtung für Filterkuchen, einen Abzug und eine Fördervorrichtung für Dicksole aus dem Pufferbehälter in den Filter.
Abstract:
A mineral carbonation process, characterised in that the silicate feedstock is thermally activated by using heat generated from the combustion of fuel prior to reacting the activated slurry feedstock with carbon dioxide.