Abstract:
Optical devices (100) including waveguide grating structures (102) are described. In accordance with one embodiment, an optical device (100) is provided comprising a horizontal waveguide grating structure (102) having at least one waveguiding layer (104) and at least one subwavelength periodic grating layer (106). The optical device (100) further comprises upper and lower cladding layers (108, 110) immediately adjoining respective upper and lower surfaces (209, 205) of the waveguide grating structure and having refractive indices lower than a lowest-index one of the waveguiding layers, incident radiation propagating (IN) through one of the upper and lower cladding layers (108, 110) toward the waveguide grating structure. The waveguide grating structure (102) is configured for peak reflection of the incident radiation at a peak reflection frequency. A cumulative thickness of the waveguiding layers (104) is less than one tenth of a free space wavelength of the incident radiation at the peak reflection frequency divided by an average refractive index of the waveguiding layers.
Abstract:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to three-dimensionall crossbar arrays (500, 1000). In one aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional crossbar array (1000) includes a plurality of crossbar arrays (1102-1104), a first demultiplexer (1106), a second demultiplexer (1108), and a third demultiplexer (1110). Each crossbar array includes a first layer of nanowires (702-704), a second layer of nanowires (706-708) overlaying the first layer of nanowires, and a third layer of nanowires (710-712) overlaying the second layer of nanowires. The first demultiplexer is configured to address nanowires in the first layer of nanowires of each crossbar array, the second demultiplexer is configured to address nanowires in the second layer of nanowires of each crossbar array, and the third demultiplexer is configured to supply a signal to the nanowires in the third layer of nanowires of each crossbar array.
Abstract:
A method of contact lithography includes predicting distortions likely to occur in transferring a pattern from a mold (110) to a substrate (130) during a contact lithography process: and modifying the mold (110) to compensate for the distortions. A contact lithography system includes a design subsystem (210) configured to generate data describing a lithography pattern: an analysis subsystem (220) configured to identify one or more distortions likely to occur when using a mold (110) created from the data; and a mold modification subsystem (230) configured to modify the data to compensate for the one or more distortions identified by the analysis subsystem (220).
Abstract:
A contact lithography system includes a patterning tool (110) having a pattern for transfer to a substrate (130); and at least one alignment device (140) coupled to the patterning tool (110). The alignment device (140) is configured to measure alignment between the patterning tool (110) and a substrate (130) for receiving the pattern of the patterning tool (110). A contact lithograpny method includes aligning a patterning tool (110) having a pattern for transfer with a substrate (130) for receiving the pattern of the patterning tool (110) using at least one alignment device (140) coupled to the patterning tool (110).
Abstract:
A method of contact lithography includes predicting distortions likely to occur in transferring a pattern from a mold (110) to a substrate (130) during a contact lithography process: and modifying the mold (110) to compensate for the distortions. A contact lithography system includes a design subsystem (210) configured to generate data describing a lithography pattern: an analysis subsystem (220) configured to identify one or more distortions likely to occur when using a mold (110) created from the data; and a mold modification subsystem (230) configured to modify the data to compensate for the one or more distortions identified by the analysis subsystem (220).
Abstract:
An apparatus for forming a pattern in a curable material carried on a substrate (108) having one or more components with coefficients of thermal expansion that are substantially equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate (108).
Abstract:
Devices, systems, and methods for enhancing Raman spectroscopy and hyper-Raman are disclosed. A molecular analysis device (100', 100") for performing Raman spectroscopy comprises a substrate (110) and a laser source (120) disposed on the substrate (110). The laser source (120) may be configured for generating a laser radiation (125), which may irradiate an analyte (31 ) disposed on a Raman enhancement structure (300). The Raman enhancement structure (300) may be disposed in a waveguide (130). The molecular analysis device (100', 100") also includes a wavelength demultiplexer (240) and radiation sensors (290) disposed on the substrate (110) and configured for receiving a Raman scattered radiation (160), which may be generated by the irradiation of the analyte (310) and Raman enhancement structure (300).
Abstract:
Irradiation devices (100, 100', 200 and 200') and methods of amplification and irradiation are disclosed. The devices and methods may be used for displaying pixels 460 and Surface Enhanced Spectroscopy (SERS) analysis. The devices included an optical modulator (300 and 300'), which may be configured for operation in a variably transmissive state. An active region (130 and 130') may be formed in an optical waveguide 105 with the optical modulator (300 and 300') configured substantially adjacent at least one surface of the active region (130 and 130').
Abstract:
An apparatus (100) for controlling propagation of incident electromagnetic radiation (110) is described, comprising a composite material (102) having electromagnetically reactive cells (106) of small dimension relative to a wavelength of the incident electromagnetic radiation (110). At least one of a capacitive and inductive property of at least one of the electromagnetically reactive cells (106) is temporally controllable to allow temporal control of an associated effective refactive index encountered by the incident electromagnetic radiation (110) while propagating through the composite material (106).
Abstract:
A sensor apparatus (400, 500, 500', 700) includes a laser (402, 502, 602) optically coupled to a photonic crystal structure (404, 504, 706) configured to provide an evanescent field through a sensed medium region (416, 512, 708) such that the photonic crystal structure (404, 504, 706) functions as a cavity/resonator for the laser (402, 502, 602).