Abstract:
Method for the production by thermal way of a concentrated solid - substantially iron free - enriched in contents of indium, germanium, zinc, silver, lead and possibly other metals, starting from the residuals generated in the zinc production chain, such as jarositic and/or goethitic sludge and/or mixed sludges from the zinc extraction processes by direct leaching, with the simultaneous production of an iron alloy with chemical composition from cast iron to alloy steel and of an inert product with physical structure from vitrified amorphous to crystallized ceramic. Figure 1 represents a simplified and qualitative block diagram of one embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Abstract:
A process and a plasma reactor, for the transformation by plasmogenic way of bauxite - occurring combined aluminium in high degree purity alumina, are the subject of the present invention. Thus obtainable are alumina and by-products, each of which is enriched in one of the main other valuable bauxite occurring elements/compounds (titanium, iron, silica), to be sent to the respective reference market. Accordingly the proportion of material to be handled as true waste is drastically reduced. Said process represents an alternative to the Bayer process for the alumina production from bauxite, in the process of the invention the production of refused and waste materials compared to the Bayer process, is lowered and the environmental impact is reduced too. A block diagram of the process of the invention, according to a specific embodiment thereof in arc transferred plasma reactor, is shown in
Abstract:
Multistage process for the preparation of a concentrate of metals, rare metals and rare earth metals from residues of alumina production by Bayer process (red mud), or from materials with a chemical composition similar to red mud, and multistage process for separating the elements of interest, transforming them into single products to be re-used in the Bayer process and/or sending them to the respective reference markets. The sole figure appended shows the simplified block diagram of the invention, in terms of its most extensive definition.
Abstract:
The subject of the present invention is a process for the extraction of sulphur and metals, in oxide form, usable in the Waeltz process, from muds containing compounds of sulphur and of said metals, for example from muds of substances chemically similar to goethite and jarosite. In Figure 1 a flow-chart of an embodiment of the process according to the invention is shown.
Abstract:
Described is a process for the simultaneous treatment of residues of the non-ferrous metallurgical industry, in particular Waelz slag and residues deriving from thermal fuming processes of jarosite, goethite or KSS slag, comprising the following steps: - possible initial pre-treatment (A) of the material to be treated, to obtain homogeneous particle size characteristics; - thermal pre-treatment (B) by the addition of ammonium sulphate (or nitric acid and/or sulphuric acid mixed with ammonium sulphate or with another reagent capable of promoting a reaction with the Waelz slag which makes it possible to obtain firstly the formation of the reaction intermediate ammonium hydrogen sulphate, (NH4)HSC>4 and, subsequently and in sequence, the formation of soluble iron and manganese sulphates and the development of ammonia) and gradual increase in temperature from ambient temperature to a final temperature in the range 200 °C to 600 °C, in a neutral/oxidising environment, to obtain the conversion of the iron, and manganese if present in the material, into compounds such as iron sulphates, and, possibly, manganese sulphates, soluble in water, with the formation of ammonia; and - hydrometallurgical treatments (C), according to the following sub- steps: - addition of water and mixing, - correction of acidity up to a pH of 2 to 8 in an oxidising environment, to obtain the precipitation of the iron in the form of mixed oxyhydroxides. The invention also relates to the use of the precipitate thus obtained, after separating from the solution and purification, for the production of pigments based on iron oxide.
Abstract:
Subject matter of the present invention are a process and a plasma reactor for transformation of red muds, which is a bauxite processing by-product, starting from powdery matrix into a solid, inert and compact residual product, with a remarkably reduced volume, permitting increasing life cycle of dumps using available volumes and from which industrially interesting products can be extracted, e.g. an iron-containing fraction, that can be used in a production cycle of the steel-making sector. A block diagram of the process according to the invention, in one specific embodiment within a transferred arc plasma reactor, is shown in figure 1.
Abstract:
The present invention concerns a method for the treatment of jarosite and other residues (1) of the zinc and lead production industry, including the following steps: thermal treatment (10) of the residues (1), at a temperature between 500 °C and 700 °C, to obtain the evaporation of the imbibition water and the demolition of the jarosite molecule, resulting in the development of SOa and in the removal of OH" groups to give additional water in the gaseous phase, and resulting in the obtainment, from the recondensation of these components, of an aqueous solution (12) of diluted sulfuric acid, and with the simultaneous formation of a solid fraction (11) composed of iron (111) oxide, zinc, lead, silver, copper sulphates and other minor elements; acid leaching (20) of said solid fraction (11) obtained from said thermal treatment step, by adding an acid leaching solution (19), to obtain an acid flow (21) containing a solution of zinc, copper and silver sulphates, and a solid fraction (22) enriched in iron oxides, lead sulphate and silver sulphate; saline leaching (30) of said solid fraction (22) obtained from said acid leaching step (20), to obtain a saline solution (31) containing lead and silver and a solid fraction (32) enriched in iron(lll) oxide and containing silica; refining treatment (40) of the saline solution (31) containing lead and silver obtained from said saline leaching step (30); and purification (50) of the silica of the solid fraction (32) enriched in iron (111) oxide and containing silica obtained from said saline leaching step (30), by using an acid solution, to obtain solubilization of iron(lll); separation of the solubilized iron(lll) from the silica, which remains insolubilized; precipitation of iron(lll) to obtain iron oxide pigment.
Abstract:
Method for the production by thermal way of a concentrated solid - substantially iron free - enriched in contents of indium, germanium, zinc, silver, lead and possibly other metals, starting from the residuals generated in the zinc production chain, such as jarositic and/or goethitic sludge and/or mixed sludges from the zinc extraction processes by direct leaching, with the simultaneous production of an iron alloy with chemical composition from cast iron to alloy steel and of an inert product with physical structure from vitrified amorphous to crystallized ceramic. Figure 1 represents a simplified and qualitative block diagram of one embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Abstract:
The subject of the invention is a process for the extraction, from bauxite, from red mud resulting from the processing of bauxite, and from chemically similar materials, of products of industrial interest, like sodium, iron, gallium, aluminum, titanium and silicon, separated from each other in chloride form. The process involves the melting of the to be treated material and the blowing in the melted bath of chlorine or chlorine in situ generating compounds, and the controlled cooling of the gaseous flow exiting from the melted bath for the selective condensation of chlorides of the elements of interest. The figure shows a block diagram of a particular embodiment wherein the melting is carried out in a transferred arc plasma reactor.
Abstract:
Method for the destruction of cyanides, nitriles and nitrogen-containing organic substances, in which the liquid or solid systems containing them are treated in solutions having an acid pH with a reducing agent selected from the group comprising at least one transition metal, sulfur dioxide and combination thereof, in the presence of an oxidizing agent selected from air, hypochlorites,ozone, hydrogen peroxide and combination thereof, and optionally of an activator.