公开(公告)号：WO2016112369A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：PCT/US2016/012770

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit ,  JAVID, Farhad ,  BERTOLDI, Katia ,  TAYLOR, Michael, James

IPC: B21D28/24 ,  B29C55/02 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B3/24 ,  B32B38/04

CPC classification number: F23R3/002 ,  B23P15/00 ,  B23P2700/13 ,  F01D5/186 ,  F05D2250/713 ,  F05D2250/75 ,  F05D2260/202 ,  F05D2300/501 ,  F05D2300/605 ,  F23R2900/00018 ,  F23R2900/03041

Abstract: Auxetic structures, effusion-cooling auxetic sheets, systems and devices with auxetic structures, and methods of using and methods of making auxetic structures are disclosed. An auxetic structure is disclosed which includes an elastically rigid body with opposing top and bottom surfaces. First and second pluralities of elongated apertures extend through the elastically rigid body from the top surface to the bottom surface. The first plurality of elongated apertures extends transversely with respect to the second plurality of elongated apertures. The first and/or second pluralities of elongated apertures have distorted shapes projected through the elastically rigid body at an oblique angle. The elongated apertures are cooperatively configured to provide a desired stress performance while exhibiting negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) behavior under macroscopic planar loading conditions. By way of example, the auxetic structure may exhibit a reduction in stress concentration proximate the elongated apertures and a Poisson's Ratio of approximately -0.0001 to -0.9%.

Abstract translation: 公开了具有辅助结构的辅助结构，渗流冷却助剂片，系统和装置，以及使用方法和制备活性结构的方法。 公开了一种包括具有相对的顶表面和底表面的弹性刚体的辅助结构。 第一和第二多个细长孔从顶表面到底表面延伸穿过弹性刚体。 第一多个细长孔相对于第二多个细长孔横向延伸。 第一和/或第二多个细长孔具有以倾斜角突出穿过弹性刚体的变形形状。 细长的孔合作构造成提供期望的应力性能，同时在宏观平面负载条件下显示出负的泊松比（NPR）行为。 作为示例，作用结构可以表现出在细长孔附近的应力集中的减小，泊松比约为-0.0001至-0.9％。

公开(公告)号：WO2016112367A2

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：PCT/US2016/012768

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit ,  JAVID, Farhad ,  BERTOLDI, Katia ,  TAYLOR, Michael, James

IPC: B32B15/01

CPC classification number: B32B15/01 ,  C22C19/03 ,  F02C7/00 ,  F23R3/002 ,  F23R2900/03044 ,  F23R2900/03045

Abstract: Auxetic structures, low porosity auxetic sheets, systems and devices with auxetic structures, and methods of using and methods of making auxetic structures are disclosed. An auxetic structure is disclosed which includes an elastically rigid body with a plurality of apertures extending through the elastically rigid body and a plurality of protrusions projecting from the elastically rigid body. The apertures and protrusions are arranged in an engineered pattern, such as an array of rows and columns. The apertures are cooperatively configured with the protrusions to provide a predefined porosity while exhibiting stress reduction through negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) behavior under macroscopic planar loading conditions. In some embodiments, the protrusions, which are elliptical or semispherical dimples, are interposed in square or hexagonal patterns with the apertures, which are S-shaped through slots or circular boreholes.

Abstract translation: 公开了增强结构，低孔隙度拉胀片，具有拉胀结构的系统和装置，使用方法和制造拉胀结构的方法。 公开了一种拉胀结构，其包括具有延伸穿过弹性刚性本体的多个孔的弹性刚性本体以及从弹性刚性本体突出的多个突起。 孔和突起以工程图案布置，例如行和列的阵列。 这些孔与突起共同配置以提供预定的孔隙度，同时在宏观平面加载条件下通过负泊松比（NPR）行为表现出应力减小。 在一些实施例中，椭圆形或半球形凹坑的突起插入正方形或六边形图案中，其中孔为S形通槽或圆形钻孔。

公开(公告)号：WO2016112365A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：PCT/US2016/012766

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit ,  JAVID, Farhad ,  BERTOLDI, Katia ,  TAYLOR, Michael, James

IPC: B32B3/26

CPC classification number: B32B3/26 ,  B29C44/357 ,  B32B15/01 ,  C22C1/08 ,  C22C19/03 ,  C22C19/05 ,  C22C19/07

Abstract: In some aspects, an auxetic structure includes a first sheet and a second sheet, the first sheet defining therein a plurality of first openings in a first pattern, the plurality of first openings providing a first porosity and the second sheet defining therein a plurality of second openings in a second pattern to provide a second porosity. The second sheet is positioned to overlay the first sheet so that the plurality of second openings at least partially occlude the plurality of first openings to define a plurality of third openings in a third pattern, the plurality of third openings defining a third porosity less than that of the first porosity or the second porosity. The second sheet is connected to the first sheet by a plurality of distinct connection elements. In other aspects, one or more additional sheets defining therein one or more opening and porosities are provided in combination with the aforementioned first and second sheet.

Abstract translation: 在一些方面，一种辅助结构包括第一片和第二片，所述第一片在其中限定有第一图案中的多个第一开口，所述多个第一开口提供第一孔隙，并且所述第二片在其中限定多个第二孔 第二图案中的开口以提供第二孔隙率。 第二片被定位成覆盖第一片，使得多个第二开口至少部分地封闭多个第一开口以限定第三图案中的多个第三开口，所述多个第三开口限定比第三开孔小的第三孔。 的第一孔隙度或第二孔隙率。 第二片通过多个不同的连接元件连接到第一片。 在其它方面，与上述第一和第二片材组合地提供限定有一个或多个开口和孔隙率的一个或多个附加片材。

公开(公告)号：WO2005116444A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：PCT/CA2004/000767

申请日：2004-05-25

Applicant: THE SALMON RIVER PROJECT LIMITED ,  GODSALL, Terrence, Gordon ,  INNES, Donald, Eric ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher

Inventor： GODSALL, Terrence, Gordon ,  INNES, Donald, Eric ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher

IPC: F03B17/06

CPC classification number: F03B17/065 ,  F03B17/067 ,  F05B2250/312 ,  F05B2250/501 ,  F05B2250/502 ,  Y02E10/28

Abstract: A low head water turbine (2) comprising a runner (6) having a cylindrical outer surface (8) extending between opposite ends (10) and a plurality of similar blades (12) having inner (14) and outer (16) sides extending to ends. The blades are similarly pivotably secured along their inner sides (14) to the outer surface of the runner so as to pivot in the direction of rotation of the runner between closed position lying adjacent the outer surface of the runner and open position at an angle thereto. A housing having (24) end walls (26) and a rounded side wall (28) extending therebetween, completely encases the runner and its blades. The runner is eccentrically mounted to the end walls of the housing for rotation about a horizontal axis (A) so that the cylindrical outer surface of the runner is spaced closer to an upper portion (30) of the housing side wall and farther from a lower portion (32). A water inlet (34) opening is located in a lower, forward portion of the housing, below the axis of rotation of the runner. A water outlet opening (38) is located in a lower, rearward portion of the housing.

Abstract translation: 一种低头部水轮机（2），包括具有在相对端（10）之间延伸的圆柱形外表面（8）的流道（6）和具有内（14）和外（16）侧的多个相似的叶片 结束 叶片类似地沿着它们的内侧（14）可枢转地固定到流道的外表面，以便在与流道的外表面相邻的关闭位置和与其成角度的打开位置之间的转动方向上转动 。 具有（24）端壁（26）和在其之间延伸的圆形侧壁（28）的壳体完全包围流道及其叶片。 跑步机偏心地安装在壳体的端壁上以围绕水平轴线（A）旋转，使得流道的圆柱形外表面更靠近壳体侧壁的上部（30）并且远离下部 部分（32）。 进水口（34）开口位于壳体的下部前部，在转轮的旋转轴线的下方。 出水口（38）位于壳体的下部后部。

公开(公告)号：WO2012090071A2

公开(公告)日：2012-07-05

申请号：PCT/IB2011/003329

申请日：2011-12-30

Applicant: ROYCE POWER ENGINEERING PLC ,  INNES, MAtthew, Christopher ,  WHENHAM, Ian ,  COURBARIAUX, Yann ,  BOHAN, Margaret, Kathleen

Inventor： INNES, MAtthew, Christopher ,  WHENHAM, Ian ,  COURBARIAUX, Yann ,  BOHAN, Margaret, Kathleen

CPC classification number: F02C7/222 ,  B05B7/02 ,  F02C7/22 ,  F23D11/38 ,  F23D14/02 ,  F23D17/002 ,  F23R3/30 ,  F23R3/36

Abstract: A system includes a turbine engine having a fuel injector. The fuel injector includes fluid ducts, each having a fuel inlet coupled to a distinct fuel source. The system includes a compressed air source that provides compressed air simultaneously to the fluid ducts, and a convergence point where combined fuel and air streams from the ducts are mixed. The fuel inlets are in a parallel flow arrangement such that no fuel from one fuel injector is present at another fuel injector.

Abstract translation: 一种系统包括具有燃料喷射器的涡轮发动机。 燃料喷射器包括流体管道，每个流体管道具有联接到不同燃料源的燃料入口。 该系统包括将压缩空气同时提供给流体管道的压缩空气源，以及来自管道的组合的燃料和空气流混合的会聚点。 燃料入口是平行的流动布置，使得在另一个燃料喷射器处不存在来自一个燃料喷射器的燃料。

公开(公告)号：WO2008125907A2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-23

申请号：PCT/IB2007/004564

申请日：2007-10-26

Applicant: ROLLS-ROYCE POWER ENGINEERING PLC ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  OMIELAN, Walter, Kasimierz ,  HAMBY, Richard, John

Inventor： INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  OMIELAN, Walter, Kasimierz ,  HAMBY, Richard, John

IPC: F02C7/22

CPC classification number: F02C7/22 ,  F02M21/042 ,  F05D2260/607 ,  F23C2900/07022 ,  F23D2206/10 ,  F23D2209/30 ,  F23K2301/203 ,  F23N5/203 ,  F23N2027/04 ,  F23N2027/06 ,  F23N2037/08 ,  F23R3/34 ,  F23R3/36

Abstract: One aspect relates to an apparatus having a combustion chamber and a duct in fluid flow communication with the combustion chamber. The apparatus includes at least one opening adapted for delivering a liquid fuel into the duct. The apparatus further includes at least one passage adapted for delivery of a gas upstream of the at least one opening for minimizing the entrance of a fluid other than the gas into the fuel delivery opening.

Abstract translation: 一个方面涉及一种具有燃烧室和与燃烧室流体连通的管道的设备。 该装置包括适于将液体燃料输送到管道中的至少一个开口。 该装置还包括至少一个通道，其适于在至少一个开口的上游输送气体，以最小化除气体之外的流体进入燃料输送口。

公开(公告)号：WO2016112368A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：PCT/US2016/012769

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit ,  JAVID, Farhad ,  BERTOLDI, Katia ,  TAYLOR, Michael, James

IPC: B21D28/24 ,  B29C55/02 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B3/24 ,  B32B38/04

CPC classification number: F23R3/002

Abstract: Auxetic structures, effusion-cooling auxetic sheets, systems and devices with auxetic structures, and methods of using and methods of making auxetic structures are disclosed. An auxetic structure is disclosed which includes an elastically rigid body with opposing top and bottom surfaces. First and second pluralities of elongated apertures extend through the elastically rigid body from the top surface to the bottom surface. The first plurality of elongated apertures extends transversely with respect to the second plurality of elongated apertures. The first and/or second pluralities of elongated apertures are obliquely angled with the top surface of the elastically rigid body. The elongated apertures are cooperatively configured to provide a desired cooling performance while exhibiting stress reduction through negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) behavior under macroscopic planar loading conditions. For example, the auxetic structure may exhibit an effusion cooling effectiveness of approximately 30-50 Eta and a Poisson's Ratio of approximately -0.2 to -0.9%.

Abstract translation: 公开了具有辅助结构的辅助结构，渗流冷却助剂片，系统和装置，以及使用方法和制备活性结构的方法。 公开了一种包括具有相对的顶表面和底表面的弹性刚体的辅助结构。 第一和第二多个细长孔从顶表面到底表面延伸穿过弹性刚体。 第一多个细长孔相对于第二多个细长孔横向延伸。 第一和/或第二多个细长孔与弹性刚体的顶表面倾斜成一定角度。 细长的孔协同配置以提供期望的冷却性能，同时在宏观平面负载条件下通过负的泊松比（NPR）行为显示出应力减小。 例如，作用结构可以表现出大约30-50埃的渗出冷却效果和约-0.2至-0.9％的泊松比。

公开(公告)号：WO2016112364A1

公开(公告)日：2016-07-14

申请号：PCT/US2016/012765

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON, Christopher ,  CARSON, Carl, J. ,  FARHANGI, Mehran ,  GERENDAS, Miklos ,  GILLESPIE, Thomas, Harold ,  INNES, Matthew, Christopher ,  JETTE, François-Xavier ,  PHAM, Minh Quan ,  GUERRERO, Fabian Enrique Sanchez ,  SCARINCI, Thomas ,  SCHAENZER, Megan ,  SHANIAN, Ali ,  SMITH-ROBERGE, Evelyne ,  VILLIEN, Benoit ,  JAVID, Farhad ,  BERTOLDI, Katia ,  TAYLOR, Michael, James

IPC: B32B3/26

CPC classification number: B44F99/00 ,  B32B3/26 ,  C21D2201/00 ,  C21D2201/03 ,  C21D2211/00 ,  C22C19/03 ,  C22C19/05 ,  C22C19/07 ,  F23R3/002

Abstract: The present concepts include a zero-porosity structure having a plurality of structural elements arranged to provide a negative Poisson's ratio and, further, a new mechanism to generate negative Poisson's ratio is single material, zero-porosity structure. The present disclosure is directed to transformation of a sheet structure, or one or more subparts thereof, having a Positive Poisson's Ratio (PPR) to a Negative Poisson's Ratio (an "auxetic" structure) along one or more axes.

Abstract translation: 本发明的概念包括具有布置成提供负泊松比的多个结构元件的零孔隙结构，此外，产生负泊松比的新机制是单材料，零孔隙结构。 本公开涉及将具有正泊松比（PPR）的片状结构或其一个或多个子部分沿着一个或多个轴线转换为负泊松比（“生长”结构）。

公开(公告)号：WO2012090071A8

公开(公告)日：2014-01-03

申请号：PCT/IB2011003329

申请日：2011-12-30

Applicant: ROLLS ROYCE POWER ENG ,  INNES MATTHEW CHRISTOPHER ,  WHENHAM IAN ,  COURBARIAUX YANN ,  BOHAN MARGARET KATHLEEN

Inventor： INNES MATTHEW CHRISTOPHER ,  WHENHAM IAN ,  COURBARIAUX YANN ,  BOHAN MARGARET KATHLEEN

IPC: F23D11/38 ,  B05B7/00 ,  F23D17/00 ,  F23R3/30 ,  F23R3/36

CPC classification number: F02C7/222 ,  B05B7/02 ,  F02C7/22 ,  F23D11/38 ,  F23D14/02 ,  F23D17/002 ,  F23R3/30 ,  F23R3/36

Abstract: A system includes a turbine engine having a fuel injector (100). The fuel injector (100) includes fluid ducts (103,105,107), each having a fuel inlet (108,110,212) coupled to a distinct fuel source. The system includes a compressed air source that provides compressed air simultaneously to the fluid ducts (103,105,107), and a convergence point (106) where combined fuel and air streams from the ducts are mixed. The fuel inlets (108,110, 112) are in a parallel flow arrangement such that no fuel from one fuel inlet (108,110,212) is present at another fuel inlet (108,110,212)

Abstract translation: 一种系统包括具有燃料喷射器（100）的涡轮发动机。 燃料喷射器（100）包括流体管道（103,105,107），每个流体管道具有联接到不同燃料源的燃料入口（108,110,212）。 该系统包括压缩空气源，其同时向流体管道（103,105,107）提供压缩空气，以及汇合点（106），其中来自管道的组合的燃料和空气流混合。 燃料入口（108,110,112）是平行的流动布置，使得在另一个燃料入口（108,110,212）处不存在来自一个燃料入口（108,110,212）的燃料，

公开(公告)号：WO2016112367A3

公开(公告)日：2016-09-01

申请号：PCT/US2016012768

申请日：2016-01-09

Applicant: HARVARD COLLEGE ,  BOOTH-MORRISON CHRISTOPHER ,  CARSON CARL J ,  FARHANGI MEHRAN ,  GERENDAS MIKLOS ,  GILLESPIE THOMAS HAROLD ,  INNES MATTHEW CHRISTOPHER ,  JETTE FRANÇOIS-XAVIER ,  PHAM MINH QUAN ,  GUERRERO FABIAN ENRIQUE SANCHEZ ,  SCARINCI THOMAS ,  SCHAENZER MEGAN ,  SHANIAN ALI ,  SMITH-ROBERGE EVELYNE ,  VILLIEN BENOIT

Inventor： BOOTH-MORRISON CHRISTOPHER ,  CARSON CARL J ,  FARHANGI MEHRAN ,  GERENDAS MIKLOS ,  GILLESPIE THOMAS HAROLD ,  INNES MATTHEW CHRISTOPHER ,  JETTE FRANÇOIS-XAVIER ,  PHAM MINH QUAN ,  GUERRERO FABIAN ENRIQUE SANCHEZ ,  SCARINCI THOMAS ,  SCHAENZER MEGAN ,  SHANIAN ALI ,  SMITH-ROBERGE EVELYNE ,  VILLIEN BENOIT ,  JAVID FARHAD ,  BERTOLDI KATIA ,  TAYLOR MICHAEL JAMES

IPC: B32B3/10

CPC classification number: B32B15/01 ,  C22C19/03

Abstract: Auxetic structures, low porosity auxetic sheets, systems and devices with auxetic structures, and methods of using and methods of making auxetic structures are disclosed. An auxetic structure is disclosed which includes an elastically rigid body with a plurality of apertures extending through the elastically rigid body and a plurality of protrusions projecting from the elastically rigid body. The apertures and protrusions are arranged in an engineered pattern, such as an array of rows and columns. The apertures are cooperatively configured with the protrusions to provide a predefined porosity while exhibiting stress reduction through negative Poisson's Ratio (NPR) behavior under macroscopic planar loading conditions. In some embodiments, the protrusions, which are elliptical or semispherical dimples, are interposed in square or hexagonal patterns with the apertures, which are S-shaped through slots or circular boreholes.

Abstract translation: 公开了具有辅助结构的辅助结构，低孔隙率的活性片，系统和装置，以及其使用方法和制备生长结构的方法。 公开了一种辅助结构，其包括具有延伸穿过弹性刚体的多个孔的弹性刚体，以及从弹性刚体突出的多个突起。 孔和突起以工程图案布置，例如行和列的阵列。 这些孔与突起协同配置以提供预定的孔隙率，同时在宏观平面负载条件下通过负泊松比（NPR）行为显示出应力减小。 在一些实施例中，作为椭圆形或半球形凹坑的突起以正方形或六边形图案插入，孔通过狭槽或圆形钻孔S形。