Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for generating electromagnetic radiation, to an optical short-period undulator and to a free-electron laser comprising the latter. To accomplish the method, a high-energy electrically charged particle beam is provided, and high-intensity electromagnetic pulses (7) are generated, and by interfering said pulses with one another an electromagnetic standing wave is created, wherein said standing wave has an electric field strength of a pre-determined peak value. The particle beam is directed through the non-steady electromagnetic field of the standing wave in or in the vicinity of a plane spanned by nodes with maximal electric field strength of said electromagnetic standing wave. Meanwhile, by the electromagnetic field of the standing wave, the particle beam is forced to travel along an undulating path and thereby, in the form of radiation emitted by said particle beam, electromagnetic radiation that propagates in the propagation direction of the particle beam is generated. Said short-period undulator (10) comprises a pulse source (2) to emit high- intensity pulses falling into the terahertz frequency range and an interaction region to direct a high-energy electrically charged particle beam, in particular an electron beam, through the undulator with undulator effect. The undulator effect is provided in the interaction region through a dynamic effect developing in or in the vicinity of a plane spanned by nodes with maximal electric field strength of an electromagnetic standing wave created by the interference of high-intensity pulses falling into the terahertz frequency range, emitted by said pulse source.
Abstract:
The articular cartilage according to the invention is made of pure cartilage and is provided with incisions (12) on the surface facing the bone. The cartilage cells are preferably seeded on the surface provided with incisions (12). The method for producing the articular cartilage comprises the step of collecting cartilage from joints, wherein pure cartilage is collected without bone, and incisions are made on the surface of the cartilage intended to face the bone. It is preferably fresh frozen until use. The device for harvesting articular cartilage, comprises handle and cutting blade, wherein the cutting blade (4) is curvilinear and is pro-vided with spacer elements (5), meanwhile the device for producing incisions in articular cartilages comprises handle (2) and a bridge (3) connected to said handle (2) and being provided with one or more cutting blade(s) (4). During the method for applying the articular cartilage the articular cartilage is fixed by thin surgical yarn stitches, by fibrin glue or by small anchors (Fig.8).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device and a method to process audio signals. Said device comprising an input, an output and a continuous signal propagation path extending from the input to the output for audio signals applied to said input. The device further comprises in the signal propagation path from said input towards said output in the given order a first linear distortion generating unit (20) having first transfer characteristics, a nonlinear distortion generating unit (30) having nonlinear transfer characteristics to generate frequency-dependent distortion of the linearly distorted audio signal, and a second linear distortion generating unit (40) having second transfer characteristics, wherein said second transfer characteristics corresponds essentially to the inverse of said first transfer characteristics. The inventive method comprising subjecting said audio signals to first linear distortion characterized by first transfer characteristics, then subjecting the obtained linearly distorted audio signals to frequency-dependent nonlinear distortion, and then subjecting the thus obtained nonlinearly distorted audio signals to second linear distortion characterized by second transfer characteristics, said second transfer characteristics being provided essentially as the inverse of said first transfer characteristics.
Abstract:
The primary subject of the invention is the use of a PARP inhibitor and an Akt kinase activating compound in combination in the treatment of pathological conditions related to PARP activation and/or that could benefit from Akt activation. A further subject of the invention is the use of a PARP inhibitor and an Akt kinase activating compound in combination for the preparation of pharmaceutical composition or kit for the treatment of a pathological condition related to PARP activation. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical composition, which contains a PARP-inhibitor and an Akt kinase activating compound together with auxiliaries generally used in pharmacy.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a computer-controlled milling machine comprising a milling tool (210) for machining a workpiece, a measuring unit (230) for measuring the cutting forces exerted by the milling tool (210) to the workpiece, a simulation module (240) for simulating the milling process to determine a contact area between the workpiece and the milling tool (210) by using a multi-dexel representation of the workpiece, a prediction module (250) for receiving the milling force measurements and the simulated geometrical data, and for generating predicted cutting forces from the measured cutting forces and the simulated cutting forces, and a control unit (220) for receiving the predicted cutting forces and for adjusting the operational parameters of the milling process according to the predicted cutting forces so as to reach optimum values for the actual cutting forces acting to milling tool (210).The invention also relates to a method of optimizing cutting forces in a milling process using the aforementioned computer-controlled milling machine.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an optical device (100) for performing nonlinear optical processes, allowing especially broadband optical parametric amplification or frequency conversion, wherein one or more of several input beams exhibit angular dispersion and the angular dispersive element (105) of said optical device (100) is in direct optical contact with the nonlinear medium (107). The device according to the invention allows the construction of high efficiency, compact amplifiers and frequency converters with ultrahigh broadband that can be scaled for large beam sizes and high powers as well.
Abstract:
A method for milling process simulation performed on a free-formed body is disclosed. In the method a three-dimensional multi-dexel representation of a free- formed body to be processed is generated by using a three-dimensional depth peeling algorithm at a first virtual camera position and a predetermined grid spacing (S110), wherein each of the dexels are stored independently of each other regarding their neighborhood relations, and each of the dexels is associated with at least the following pieces of information: information relating to the spatial position and direction of the dexel, preferably the display coordinates of the dexel and the depth coordinate of the end points of the dexels, geometric information relating to the workpiece surface intersected by the dexel at the starting point and the end point of the dexel. Then a volume representation of the tool or a volume representation the swept volume of the tool is generated by using a three- dimensional depth peeling algorithm (S120) at a second virtual camera position, wherein said second virtual camera position is identical to said first virtual camera position, and wherein the surface segments of the tool thus obtained are described by display coordinates and depth coordinates associated with said respective display coordinates. In predetermined positions of the tool along the tool path, the depth coordinates of each dexel are compared to the depth coordinates of the surface segments of the tool or the swept volume of the tool that have the same display coordinates as those ones of the dexel, and accordingly, for each of the dexels, the intersection points of the particular dexel and the surface segments of the tool (S130) are determined. A dexel is kept unchanged if the dexel has no intersection point with the tool surface (S131), or the respective parameters of the dexel are modified if the dexel has an intersection point with one surface segment of the tool (S132), or the dexel is converted into two or more shorter dexels if the dexel has multiple intersection points with more than one of said surface segments (S133). Thereby a modified three-dimensional dexel-volume representation of the workpiece is generated at a particular position of the tool.
Abstract:
The invention relates to novel compounds of general formula (I) with neurogenic or non-neurogenic anti-inflammatory, analgetic as well as tumour inhibiting effects as well as the salts and metal complexes of these compounds. In the above formula the most important meanings of the substituents are as follows: n stands for 0 or 1, and if n is 1, then Q1, Q2 and Q3 each stand for 0; R1 and R2 stand, independently from each other, for an amino acid; if n is 0, then Q1 and Q2 stand for an amino acid residue; Q3 stands for a valency bond or an amino acid residue; R1 stands for H or C1-3 acyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butyloxycarbonyl or 9-fluorenyl-methyloxycarbonyl; R2 stands for OH, -NH-R3 or -O-R4, wherein R3 stands for H, C1-6 alkyl, C6-10 cycloalkyl or C6-10 aryl; and R4 stands for C1-6 alkyl, benzyl or 9-fluorenylmethyl. Furthermore, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating neurogenic or non-neurogenic inflammations, pains and tumour growth and to the use of the compounds of formula (I) and the salts and metal complexes thereof for preparing pharmaceuticals compositions and to a method for treating neurogenic and non-neurogenic inflammations, pains and tumour growth.