Abstract:
The invention relates to a polymer comprising structural units of formula R 1 , R 2 , R 5 and R 6 are independently hydrogen, a methyl group, or -COOH, only one of R 1 and R 2 or R 5 and R 6 is -COOH; R 3 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, or a methyl group; R 4 is -COOH, -CONH 2 or -OH, when R 4 is -OH, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are respectively hydrogen; and R 8 is -COO, -CONH, or -0-, when R 8 is -0-, R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are respectively hydrogen. Methods for preparing and using the polymer are also described herein.
Abstract:
A method for removing chloride from an aqueous solution having an initial chloride ion (CI') weight concentration, comprising: adding a magnesium compound to the aqueous solution, magnesium ion weight concentration being less than about 20% of the initial chloride ion weight concentration; adding at least two compounds comprising calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), hydroxide ions (OH - ) and alυminale ions (AlO 2 )wherein pH of the aqueous solution is greater than about 10 after addition of the at least two compounds; and stirring for precipitation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of controlling silica scale in an aqueous system, including adding an effective amount of mixture of a first polymer and a second polymer into the aqueous system, wherein the first polymer and the second polymer each has at least one of a first structural unit derived from any of quaternary ammonium monomer, quaternary phosphoniυm monomer, and quaternary sulfonium monomer and a second structural unit derived from any of sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carboxylic acid and any salt thereof, the first polymer bears a first net charge or being neutral, the second polymer bears a second net charge opposite the first net charge or bearing positive net charge when the first polymer is neutral, the first structural unit is from about 1 mol% to about 99 mol% of the mixture.
Abstract:
An asymmetric organomodified disiloxane surfactant having the formula: MM' wherein M comprises branched hydrocarbon substituents and M' comprises a cationic, anionic or zwitterionic substituent and a polyether substituent that may be combined as one moiety, wherein the disiloxane surfactant has an enhanced resistance to hydrolysis between a pH of about 3 to about 12.
Abstract:
The present invention provides for a mixture comprising a siloxane having the formula: M 1 D M 2 wherein M 1 = (R 1 )(R 2 )(R 3 )SiO 1/2 ; M 2 = (R 4 )(R 5 )(R 6 ) SiO 1/2 and D = (R 7 )(Z) SiO 2/2 where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of 1 to 4 carbon monovalent hydrocarbon radicals, aryl, and a hydrocarbon group of 4 to 9 carbons containing an aryl group; Z is a pendant hydrophilic ionic group selected from the group consisting of R 8 -R A , R 9 R c , and R 10 -R z ; R A being an anionic substituent, R c a cationic substituent or R z a zwitterionic substituent on the D group and an additional component selected from the group consisting of agricultural components, coating components, personal care components, home care components, oil or gas treating components, water processing components, and pulp or paper treating components, wherein said mixture has an enhanced resistance to hydrolysis.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a polymer derived from: reaction of glycidyl (meth)acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether or [(vinyloxy)methyl]oxirane with ammonia or primary amine to obtain a mixture of monomer compounds; reaction of the mixture of monomer compounds with at least one of acrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, acrylamide, methylacrylic acid, and methylacrylamide to obtain an intermediate polymer; and reaction of the intermediate polymer with a dithiocarbamic acid salt. Methods for using the polymer are also described herein.
Abstract:
A method for treating an aqueous solution, comprises: combining an effective amount of miscible organic solvent with the aqueous solution at a first pressure to produce solids and a first liquid phase; separating the solids from the first liquid phase; and applying a second pressure lower than the first pressure to separate the first liquid phase into a gaseous organic phase and a second liquid phase.
Abstract:
A method has been found for the removal of microbial bio film on surfaces in contact with systems, including but not limited to aqueous systems, which comprises adding to the aqueous system an effective amount of a carbosilane-based surfactant to substantially remove microbial biofilm, from surfaces in aquatic systems, while presenting minimal danger to non-target aquatic organisms at discharge due to their very low discharge concentrations.
Abstract:
Three types of trisiloxane surfactants having the basic formula: MDM' are described wherein the substituents on the differing M and M' groups in conjunction with a pendant polyalkylene oxide substituents on the D group to render the surfactant resistant to hydrolysis under either basic or acidic conditions.