Abstract:
A chemical recovery boilers is described in which the primary air system is reconfigured to provide aggressive charbed control and improved combustion in the lower furnace. The fewest number of primary air ports are used on two opposing walls to generate powerful air jets that penetrate across the boiler providing physical and thermal stability to the charbed while increasing the heat release and combustion stability in the lower furnace, increasing reduction efficiency, and lowering carryover and emissions. Various embodiments are described including operating strategies and multi-level black liquor injection.
Abstract:
A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated V-Cell floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; top mounted fuel bin; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; and a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters. The boiler can be configured in pre-assembled modules to minimize the field construction time and cost. An alternative embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.
Abstract:
A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated V-Cell floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; top mounted fuel bin; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; and a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters. The boiler can be configured in pre-assembled modules to minimize the field construction time and cost. An alternative embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.
Abstract:
A solid fuel boiler with one or more fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel prior to loading into a combustion chamber of the boiler, enabling higher thermal efficiencies and burning less fuel to produce the same steam quantity. The pre-drying fuel chutes pass through the boiler where hot combustion gases radiantly and convectively - heat the chute walls to dry the wet solid fuel by radiant, convective, and/or conductive heating. Agitator mechanisms or structures within the chute mix the fuel for uniform heating, break up clumps of wet fuel, regulate the speed of falling fuel, prevent sticking, dry the fuel by means of steam and/or hot air, transport and deliver a cooling medium while a chute is offline in an operating boiler, and suppress fire using steam injection. Fuel from the chute can flow into a fuel storage bin or directly into the combustion zone of the furnace.
Abstract:
A combustion air system for a recovery boiler is described in which multiple levels of secondary and tertiary combustion air ports each have an even number of ports, with the ports on opposing walls interlaced. The air system lends itself equally well to front/rear wall or sidewall applications and is especially beneficial for rectangular boilers. The air system features large and small-scale horizontal circulation zones superimposed on each other and the ability to adjust the angle of the air jets. Additional features include port dampers for the starting burners and system control based on kinetic energy.
Abstract:
A combustion air system for a recovery boiler is described in which multiple levels of secondary and tertiary combustion air ports each have an even number of ports, with the ports on opposing walls interlaced. The air system lends itself equally well to front/rear wall or sidewall applications and is especially beneficial for rectangular boilers. The air system features large and small-scale horizontal circulation zones superimposed on each other and the ability to adjust the angle of the air jets. Additional features include port dampers for the starting burners and system control based on kinetic energy.
Abstract:
A cylindrical furnace having a vertical axis advantageously controls the combustion. Solid fuel, particulates, and gases are present inside the furnace and rotate around the axis of the cylinder to induce the solid particles and gases to stratify radially due to centrifugal force. Fuel and particulates at the perimeter slip in and out of suspension as they drag on the wall of the cylinder. This increases the residence time of the particles in the furnace. The solid particles are composed of combustible fuel particles, non-combustible ash, and non-combustible contaminants that enter with the fuel. It is necessary to control the temperature of the non-combustible particles and the wall surface to prevent non-combustible particles from adhering to and building up on the furnace wall. It is also advantageous to control the gas temperature leaving the furnace to minimize temperature driven corrosion of downstream heat exchanging surfaces. Method and apparatuses are described to control the gas, non-combustible particle, and wall temperatures within the cylindrical furnace. The furnace can be integrated into a stand-alone boiler or as a combustor in which a portion of the pyrolysis gas from the combusting fuel is burned in a separate vessel.
Abstract:
The present invention describes methods for using Treprostinil or its derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment and/or prevention of interstitial lung disease or asthma, or a condition, such as pulmonary fibrosis, associated with interstitial lung disease or a condition associated with asthma. The invention also relates to kits for treatment and/or prevention of such condition that include an effective amount of Treprostinil or its derivative, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Abstract:
A ground supported single drum power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated stepped floor; refractory lined and insulated combustion chamber; integrated fuel chutes configured to pre-dry wet solid fuel; internal chamber walls; configurable combustion air systems; a back pass with after-burner ports and cross flow superheaters; and a rear wall that acts as the downcomers feeding the other walls. A second embodiment is adaptable as a gasifier.
Abstract:
Methods for treatment of pulmonary hypertension include administration of a first amount of treprostinil and administration of a second amount of a Rho kinase inhibitor such that the first amount and the second amount form together an amount effective for pulmonary hypertension treatment. Kits for treatment pulmonary hypertension are also disclosed.