Abstract:
A fuel control apparatus for an internal combustion engine with variable inlet and outlet valve timing according to the invention corrects a basic wall adhesion amount QMWin using a reduction coefficient Kvvt (S156). The basic wall adhesion amount is calculated based on intake valve timing INvvt using a QMWin map (S150). The reduction coefficient Kvvt is calculated based on the intake valve timing INvvt and exhaust valve timing EXvvt using a Kvvt map (S152).
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image by using a liquid developer in a high concentration. In order to make usable a high concentration liquid developer having a viscosity of 100 to 10,000 mPa.s, a developer layer having a thickness of 5 to 40 mu m is formed on the surface of a developing roller or a developing belt (510) and is brought into gentle contact with the surface of a photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed. When mold releasability on the surface of the photosensitive member is not satisfactory, a pre-wet liquid film is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member (10), and the gap between the photosensitive member and the surface of the developing roller, etc, is kept at a gap which is greater than the thickness of the film of the liquid developer but is smaller than the sum of the film thickness of the liquid developer and the film thickness of the pre-wet liquid film so that the pre-wet liquid always exists between both surfaces. A pre-wet liquid having a viscosity of 0.5 to 5.0 mPa.s and a film thickness of not greater than 30 mu m is used for the developer film of the liquid developer containing a toner having a mean particle size of 0.1 to 5.0 mu m in a concentration of 5 to 40 %, and having a viscosity of 100 to 10,000 mPa.s and a thickness of 5 to 40 mu m, and the gap between the photosensitive member and the developing roller, etc, is kept between 5 and 60 mu m. In this way, an extremely satisfactory copy can be obtained.
Abstract:
The method comprises the steps of: erecting trussed column assemblies (1A, 1B) which are constructed by arranging and joining a plurality of struts, beams and braces; installing trussed beam assemblies (1C) between the tops of the trussed column assemblies (1A, 1B) which have been erected in parallel with each other, to form a portal truss assembly (1D); mounting portal truss assemblies (1D) lengthwise and breadthwise in conformity with a configuration of a steel structure being built; and carrying a first module (6A) into a construction zone, which module being among modules being mounted in the construction zones between the oppositely arranged portal truss assemblies (1D) and being to be arranged at a position higher than those for the other modules, lifting the first module (6A) above a second module (6B), which is to be arranged immediately below the first module (6A), by means of a first lifting device provided on the sides of the portal truss assemblies 1D, carrying in the second module (6B) immediately below the first module (6A), joining the both modules (6A, 6B), further carrying in third modules (6C) below the second module (6B) and joining the both modules (6B, 6C), and repeating the above sequences to mount the modules (6A, 6B, 6C, ---) between the portal truss assemblies (1D).
Abstract:
A method of producing a fluoroelastomer reduced in the content of metallic ingredients; and a molded article comprising a fluoroelastomer sufficiently reduced in the content of metallic ingredients. The method comprises producing a fluoroelastomer without using a metal oxide through fluoromonomer polymerization, coagulation, and drying, wherein at least one of the starting materials excluding gaseous monomers contains substantially no metallic ingredients. The fluoroelastomer obtained by this method has a metal content of 50 ppm or lower.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for the preparing silicone polyethers by reacting; (A) a polyether having at least one terminally unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an alkali metal content of less than 50 ppm, (B) an organohydrogensiloxane having an acid number of less than 0.005, via a hydrosilylation reaction. The process is particularly useful to prepare silicone polyethers of improved quality via a continuous process.
Abstract:
A board for surge absorbing devices of a communication line in which the mouting area of a group of surge absorbing elements is made less and an improvement of the dielectric strength of the holding board is intended too, by providing a predetermined holding board apart from boards for devices in apparatus connected to the communication line. According to this invention, the mounting area of the group of the surge absorbing elements can be decreased to about one half or less of conventional ones. Since the distances between wiring patterns on the holding board can be shortened if the dielectric strength of the holding board is fixed, the area of the holding board can be further decreased.
Abstract:
A surge absorbing element (13) is put into a glass tube (10), which is sealed by sealing electrodes (11 and 12) in a state where the tube is filled with an inert gas (14), thereby producing a surge absorber (20). Each of the sealing electrodes comprises an electrode element (11a) made of an alloy containing iron and nickel, and cooper thin films (11b) or (21b) having predetermined thicknesses and formed on both faces of the electrode element or on one side which is in contact with the glass tube or faces the interior of the glass tube. It is preferable to form a Cu2O film (11c) on the surface of the copper thin film. The sealing electrodes can be sealed in an inert gas atmosphere. It has an excellent sealing capability to a glass tube, and has an action of accelerating electron emission. If the copper thin films are formed on both faces of the electrode element, leads can be soldered easily to the outer faces of the sealing electrodes. A surge absorber thus sealed by the sealing electrodes has a high surge resistance and a long life because its conductive film and micro-gap are not easily deteriorated at the time of sealing and arc discharging.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a circuit connection device having overvoltage/overcurrent protection function for communication equipments which can eliminate an overvoltage and an overcurrent. In order to protect communication equipment from overvoltage and overcurrent, a surge absorption element (2) is connected in parallel with terminals for connecting the equipment, and a metal wire (3) having a low melting point is connected in series with them in the proximity of the surge absorption element (3). The communication equipment is protected from surges between the lines of the communication equipment and between the lines and the ground by the surge absorption element and from continuous overvoltage and overcurrent by the low-melting metal wire because the surge absorption element is overheated and the metal wire blows out by the heat.