Abstract:
A method and associated computer program for predicting an electrical characteristic of a substrate subject to a process. The method includes determining a sensitivity of the electrical characteristic to a process characteristic, based on analysis of electrical metrology data including measured electrical characteristics from previously processed substrates and process metrology data including measurements of at least one parameter related to the process characteristic measured from the previously processed substrates; obtaining process metrology data related to the substrate describing the at least one parameter; and predicting the electrical characteristic of the substrate based on the sensitivity and the process metrology data.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method of identifying one or more dominant asymmetry modes relating to asymmetry in an alignment mark, the method comprises obtaining alignment data relating to measurement of alignment marks on at least one substrate using a plurality of alignment conditions; identifying one or more dominant orthogonal components of said alignment data, said one or more orthogonal components comprising a number of said orthogonal components which together sufficiently describes variance in said alignment data; and determining an asymmetry mode as dominant if it corresponds to an expected asymmetry mode shape which best matches one of said dominant orthogonal components. Alternatively, the method comprises, for each known asymmetric mode: determining a sensitivity metric; and determining an asymmetry mode as dominant if said sensitivity metric is above a sensitivity threshold.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for determining a correction relating to a performance metric of a semiconductor manufacturing process, the method comprising: obtaining a first set of pre-process metrology data; processing the first set of pre-process metrology data by decomposing the pre-process metrology data into one or more components which: a) correlate to the performance metric; or b) are at least partially correctable by a control process which is part of the semiconductor manufacturing process; and applying a trained model to the processed first set of pre-process metrology data to determine the correction for said semiconductor manufacturing process.
Abstract:
Described is a method for predicting yield relating to a process of manufacturing semiconductor devices on a substrate, the method comprising: obtaining a trained first model which translates modeled parameters into a yield parameter, said modeled parameters comprising: a) geometrical parameters associated with one or more of: a geometric characteristic, dimension or position of a device element manufactured by the process and b) trained free parameters; obtaining process parameter data comprising process parameters characterizing the process; converting the process parameter data into values of the geometrical parameters; and predicting the yield parameter using the trained first model and the values of the geometrical parameters.
Abstract:
A method for analyzing a process, the method including: obtaining a multi-dimensional probability density function representing an expected distribution of values for a plurality of process parameters; obtaining a performance function relating values of the process parameters to a performance metric of the process; and using the performance function to map the probability density function to a performance probability function having the process parameters as arguments.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a method to determine an overlay error between a first structure and a second structure, wherein the first structure and second structures are on different layers on a substrate and are imaged onto the substrate by a lithographic process, the method comprising: obtaining an apparent overlay error; obtaining a systematic error caused by a factor other than misalignment of the first and second structures; and determining the overlay error by removing the systematic error from the apparent overlay error. The method may alternatively comprise obtaining apparent characteristics of diffraction orders of diffraction by an overlapping portion of the first and second structures; obtaining corrected characteristics of the diffraction order; determining the overlay error from by the corrected characteristics; and adjusting characteristics of the lithographic process based on the overlay error.
Abstract:
Described is a method for determining a root cause affecting yield in a process for manufacturing devices on a substrate, the method comprising; obtaining yield distribution data comprising the distribution of a yield parameter across the substrate or part thereof; obtaining sets of metrology data, each set comprising a spatial variation of a process parameter over the substrate or part thereof corresponding to a different layer of the substrate; comparing the yield distribution data and metrology data based on a similarity metric describing a spatial similarity between the yield distribution data and an individual set out of the sets of the metrology data; and determining a first similar set of metrology data out of the sets of metrology data, being the first set of metrology data in terms of processing order for the corresponding layers, which is determined to be similar to the yield distribution data.
Abstract:
A A method of calibrating a substrate positioning system of a lithographic apparatus, the method including: exposing a pattern with the lithographic apparatus on an exposed layer on the surface of a substrate having a reference layer, wherein the pattern corresponds to a movement of the substrate by the substrate positioning system; measuring overlay data between the exposed layer and the reference layer on a plurality of positions on the substrate; transforming the overlay data from a spatial domain to a frequency domain by a discrete cosine transformation; modifying the overlay data in the frequency domain by selecting a subset of the overlay data; transforming the modified overlay data from the frequency domain back to the spatial domain by an inverse discrete cosine transformation; calibrating the substrate positioning system by using the modified overlay data in the spatial domain.
Abstract:
A method controls a scanning function of a lithographic apparatus. A first alignment strategy is used. A monitor wafer is exposed to determine baseline control parameters pertaining to the scanning function. The baseline control parameters are periodically retrieved from the monitor wafer. Parameter drift is determined from the baseline control parameters. Corrective action is taken based on the determination. A production wafer is exposed using a second alignment strategy, different to the first alignment strategy. The corrective action is modified so as to be substantially closer to the correction that would have been made had the second alignment strategy been used in exposing the monitor wafer.
Abstract:
A method produces at least one monitor wafer for a lithographic apparatus. The monitor wafer is for use in combination with a scanning control module to periodically retrieve measurements defining a baseline from the monitor wafer thereby determining parameter drift from the baseline. In doing this, allowance and/or correction can be to be made for the drift. The baseline is determined by initially exposing the monitor wafer(s) using the lithographic apparatus, such that the initial exposure is performed while using non-standard alignment model settings optimized for accuracy, such as those used for testing the apparatus. An associated lithographic apparatus is also disclosed.