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公开(公告)号：WO2010066265A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：PCT/EP2008/010396
申请日：2008-12-08
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , BROWN, Kevin
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin
Abstract: The present invention therefore provides a method for the analysis of radiographic images, comprising the steps of acquiring a plurality of projection images of a patient, acquiring a surrogate signal indicative of the location of a target structure in the patient, reconstructing a plurality of volumetric images of the patient from the projection images, each volumetric image being reconstructed from projection images having a like breathing phase, identifying the position of the target structure such as a tumour in each volumetric image, associating a surrogate signal with each of the projection images, and determining a relationship between the surrogate signal and the position of the target structure. Multiple projection images having a like breathing phase can be grouped for reconstruction, to provide sufficient numbers for reconstruction. The analysis of the multiple values of the surrogate associated with each breathing phase can be used to determine the mean surrogate value and its variation. Multiple values of the surrogate signal associated with the same nominal breathing phase can be used to determine a mean value of the surrogate signal for the target position associated with that phase and a variation of the value of the surrogate signal for the target position associated with that phase. The breathing phase of specific projection images can be obtained by analysis of one or more features in the images, such as the method we described in US (7,356,112), or otherwise.
Abstract translation: 因此，本发明提供了一种用于分析放射线图像的方法，包括以下步骤：获取患者的多个投影图像，获取指示患者中目标结构的位置的替代信号，重建多个体积图像 从投影图像的患者的每个体积图像中，从具有相似呼吸相位的投影图像重建每个体积图像，识别每个体积图像中的诸如肿瘤的目标结构的位置，将替代信号与每个投影图像相关联，以及 确定替代信号与目标结构的位置之间的关系。 具有类似呼吸相位的多个投影图像可以被分组以进行重建，以提供足够数量的重建。 可以使用与每个呼吸阶段相关联的替代物的多个值的分析来确定平均替代值及其变化。 可以使用与相同标称呼吸相位相关联的替代信号的多个值来确定与该相位相关联的目标位置的替代信号的平均值，以及与该相位相关联的目标位置的替代信号的值的变化 相。 特定投影图像的呼吸阶段可以通过分析图像中的一个或多个特征来获得，例如我们在US（7,356,112）中描述的方法，或以其它方式。
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公开(公告)号：WO2009056151A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-07
申请号：PCT/EP2007/009404
申请日：2007-10-30
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , BROWN, Kevin , STREAMER, Ralph , BOURNE, Duncan
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin , STREAMER, Ralph , BOURNE, Duncan
IPC: A61N5/10
CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 , A61N5/1042 , A61N5/1067 , A61N2005/1061
Abstract: Realtime beam shape adjustment in response to (for example) online CT scanning of a patient during treatment is assisted by the radiotherapy apparatus comprising a source adapted to emit a beam of therapeutic radiation, a collimator for delimiting the radiation beam, the collimator comprising a plurality of leaves arranged alongside each other and be moveable longitudinally so that the tips of the leaves define a variable edge of the collimator, the leaves being mounted on a support that is moveable laterally with respect to the leaves. In this way, movements of the tumour that are perpendicular to the direction of leaf motion can be accommodated by simply moving the collimator bodily so as to accommodate this. It is preferred that the apparatus also includes a control means adapted to receive information as to the location of the target volume, and, on the basis of that information, control the longitudinal positions of the leaves and the lateral position of the support. It is also preferred that the support tilts as it moves laterally along a path. This can be achieved, by example, by bearings that are moveable on suitable guides, or by mounting the support on a plurality of pivot arms of unequal lengths. The lengths of such pivot arms can be adjusted as necessary.
Abstract translation: 响应于（例如）治疗期间患者的在线CT扫描的实时波束形状调整由包括适于发射治疗辐射束的源的放射治疗装置辅助，用于限定辐射束的准直器，准直器包括多个 的叶片彼此并排设置并且可纵向移动，使得叶片的尖端限定准直器的可变边缘，叶片安装在相对于叶片横向移动的支撑件上。 以这种方式，垂直于叶片运动方向的肿瘤的运动可以通过简单地移动准直器以适应这种方式来适应。 优选地，该装置还包括适于接收关于目标体积的位置的信息的控制装置，并且基于该信息来控制叶片的纵向位置和支撑件的横向位置。 还优选的是，当支撑件沿着路径横向移动时，支撑件倾斜。 这可以通过例如通过在合适的导轨上可移动的轴承，或者通过将支撑件安装在不等长度的多个枢轴臂上来实现。 这种枢转臂的长度可以根据需要进行调节。
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公开(公告)号：WO2013000488A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-03
申请号：PCT/EP2011/003170
申请日：2011-06-28
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , BROWN, Kevin
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin
CPC classification number: A61N5/1031 , A61N5/1036 , A61N5/1048 , A61N5/1071 , A61N5/1081 , A61N2005/1074 , G06F19/00 , G06F19/3481 , G16H40/63
Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the management and provision of radiotherapy, in which values for dosimetric parameters are re-evaluated just prior to treatment (on the basis of the treatment plan as loaded into the radiotherapy apparatus) and during treatment (on the basis of monitored machine parameters). By displaying dosimetric parameters rather than complicated machine parameters, the technician operating the radiotherapy apparatus is able to monitor the dose provided to a patient undergoing therapy. Misadministrations of radiation as a result of corrupted data or corrupted control signals are prevented.
Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于管理和提供放射治疗的方法和装置，其中剂量测量参数的值在治疗之前（基于装载到放射治疗装置中的治疗计划）和治疗期间（在 监控机器参数的基础）。 通过显示剂量测量参数而不是复杂的机器参数，操作放射治疗装置的技术人员能够监测提供给接受治疗的患者的剂量。 由于数据损坏或控制信号损坏导致的辐射管理不当。
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公开(公告)号：WO2011050887A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：PCT/EP2010/005988
申请日：2010-10-01
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) , BROWN, Kevin , SMITH, Adrian Maxwell
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin , SMITH, Adrian Maxwell
IPC: A61N5/10
CPC classification number: A61N5/1042 , A61N5/1047
Abstract: The ability to provide a fine resolution variation in the dose rate of radiotherapeutic apparatus would allow delivery times of VMAT and related techniques to be reduced significantly. A radiotherapeutic apparatus is described, comprising a source of radiation able to issue pulses of radiation at a base frequency, and a control apparatus arranged to permit pulses provided these match a pulse pattern chosen to achieve a selected time-averaged power level, the chosen pulse pattern being one selected from a plurality of pulse patterns that include patterns consisting of trains of pulses that include, relative to the base frequency, at least every n th and every m th pulse where n≠m and the n th and m th pulses are non-coincident. Essentially, such an apparatus issues a pulse if it is the n th or the m th or the k th (etc) where n, m, k... are selectable independently. The pulse pattern can be obtained resolving the selected power level as an integer representable as a binary number, and then inserting an n th pulse if the binary number has a 1 digit at the q th power of 2 where q is the n th digit of the binary carry sequence. The binary carry sequence can be repeated modulo the number of possible output power levels, assuming that the selected power level is one selected from a range of possible output power levels. The control apparatus can a memory in which a table is retained, the table containing the sequence of pulses to be issued. The table can be freshly populated with a sequence when a power level is selected, or the table can contain sequences for a plurality of (preferably all the) power levels and the control unit can be adapted to select a desired sequence.
Abstract translation: 提供放射治疗仪器的剂量率的精细分辨率变化的能力将允许显着降低VMAT的传送时间和相关技术。 描述了一种放射治疗装置，其包括能够以基本频率发出辐射脉冲的辐射源，以及控制装置，其布置成允许所提供的脉冲匹配所选择的脉冲图案以实现所选择的时间平均功率电平，所选择的脉冲 图案是从多个脉冲图案中选出的图案，其包括由脉冲串组成的图案，所述图案包括相对于基本频率的至少每第n个和第m个脉冲，其中n？m和第n和第m个脉冲不重合。 本质上，如果它是第n或第m或第k（等），其中n，m，k ...可独立选择，则发出脉冲。 可以获得将所选择的功率电平解析为可表示为二进制数的整数的脉冲模式，然后如果二进制数在第二功率为2的第二功率为1的位置插入第n个脉冲，其中q是二进制运算的第n位数 序列。 假设所选择的功率电平是从可能的输出功率电平的范围中选择的一个，二进制进位序列可以重复模数可能的输出功率电平的数量。 控制装置可以是其中保留有表的存储器，该表包含要发出的脉冲序列。 当选择功率级时，该表可以用序列新鲜地填充，或者该表可以包含用于多个（优选全部）功率电平的序列，并且控制单元可以适于选择期望的序列。
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公开(公告)号：WO2011050822A1
公开(公告)日：2011-05-05
申请号：PCT/EP2009/007641
申请日：2009-10-26
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , BROWN, Kevin , SMITH, Adrian, Maxwell
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin , SMITH, Adrian, Maxwell
IPC: A61N5/10
CPC classification number: A61N5/1042 , A61N5/1047
Abstract: The ability to provide a fine resolution variation in the dose rate of radiotherapeutic apparatus would allow delivery times of VMAT and related techniques to be reduced significantly. A radiotherapeutic apparatus is described, comprising a source of radiation able to issue pulses of radiation at a base frequency, and a control apparatus arranged to permit pulses provided these match a pulse pattern chosen to achieve a selected time-averaged power level, the chosen pulse pattern being one selected from a plurality of pulse patterns that include patterns consisting of trains of pulses that include, relative to the base frequency, at least every n th and every m th pulse where n≠m. Essentially, such an apparatus issues a pulse if it is the n th or the m th or the kth (etc) where n, m, k... are selectable independently. The pulse pattern can be obtained resolving the selected power level as an integer representable as a binary number, and then inserting an n th pulse if the binary number has a 1 digit at the q th power of 2 where q is the n th digit of the binary carry sequence. The binary carry sequence can be repeated modulo the number of possible output power levels, assuming that the selected power level is one selected from a range of possible output power levels. The control apparatus can a memory in which a table is retained, the table containing the sequence of pulses to be issued. The table can be freshly populated with a sequence when a power level is selected, or the table can contain sequences for a plurality of (preferably all the) power levels and the control unit can be adapted to select a desired sequence.
Abstract translation: 提供放射治疗仪器的剂量率的精细分辨率变化的能力将允许显着降低VMAT的传送时间和相关技术。 描述了一种放射治疗装置，其包括能够以基本频率发出辐射脉冲的辐射源，以及控制装置，其布置成允许所提供的脉冲匹配所选择的脉冲图案以实现所选择的时间平均功率电平，所选择的脉冲 模式是从包括由相对于基本频率包括相对于基本频率的脉冲串构成的图案的多个脉冲图案中选择的至少每n个和第m个脉冲，其中n？m。 本质上，如果它是第n或第m或第k（等），其中n，m，k ...可独立选择，则发出脉冲。 可以获得将所选择的功率电平解析为可表示为二进制数的整数的脉冲模式，然后如果二进制数在第二功率为2的第二功率为1的位置插入第n个脉冲，其中q是二进制运算的第n位数 序列。 假设所选择的功率电平是从可能的输出功率电平的范围中选择的一个，二进制进位序列可以重复模数可能的输出功率电平的数量。 控制装置可以是其中保留有表的存储器，该表包含要发出的脉冲序列。 当选择功率级时，该表可以用序列新鲜地填充，或者该表可以包含用于多个（优选全部）功率电平的序列，并且控制单元可以适于选择期望的序列。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：WO2009138753A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-19
申请号：PCT/GB2009/001217
申请日：2009-05-15
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) , THE INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH , BROWN, Kevin , THOMPSON, Maria, Giulia , ROBERTS, David, Anthony , EVANS, Philip, Mark , HANSEN, Vibeke, Nordmark
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin , THOMPSON, Maria, Giulia , ROBERTS, David, Anthony , EVANS, Philip, Mark , HANSEN, Vibeke, Nordmark
CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 , A61B6/06 , A61B6/4042 , A61B6/583 , A61N2005/1061 , G21K1/02 , G21K1/10 , H01J35/08 , H01J2235/081 , H01J2235/087
Abstract: It is desirable to achieve a co-incident investigative kV source for a therapeutic MV source - a so-called "beams-eye-view" source. It has been suggested that bremsstrahlung radiation from an electron window be employed; we propose a practical structure for achieving this which can switch easily between a therapeutic beam and a beam-eye-view diagnostic beam capable of offering good image resolution. Such a radiation source comprises an electron gun, a pair of targets locateable in the path of a beam produced by the electron gun, one target of the pair being of a material with a lower atomic number than the other, and an electron absorber insertable into and withdrawable from the path of the beam. In a preferred form, the electron gun is within a vacuum chamber, and the pair of targets are located at a boundary of the vacuum chamber. The lower atomic number target can be Nickel and the higher atomic number target Copper and/or Tungsten. The electron absorber can be Carbon, and can be located within the primary collimator, or within one of a plurality of primary collimators interchangeably locateable in the path of the beam. Such a radiation source can be included within a radiotherapy apparatus, to which the present invention further relates. A flat panel imaging device for this source can be optimised for low energy x-rays rather than high energy; Caesium Iodide-based panels are therefore suitable.
Abstract translation: 期望实现用于治疗性MV源的共同调查性kV源 - 所谓的“眼 - 视”源。 有人建议使用来自电子窗的bre致辐射; 我们提出了实现这一点的实际结构，其可以在能够提供良好的图像分辨率的治疗光束和眼睛视图诊断光束之间容易地切换。 这种辐射源包括电子枪，位于由电子枪产生的光束的路径中的一对靶，该对中的一个靶是具有比另一个更低原子序数的材料，以及电子吸收体可插入 并从梁的路径中抽出。 在优选形式中，电子枪位于真空室内，并且该对靶位于真空室的边界处。 较低的原子序号目标可以是镍，较高原子序号的目标铜和/或钨。 电子吸收器可以是碳，并且可以位于主准直器内，或者位于多个主准直器中的一个中，可互换地定位在光束的路径中。 这样的辐射源可以包括在本发明进一步涉及的放射治疗装置内。 用于该源的平板成像装置可以针对低能x射线而不是高能量进行优化; 因此，基于碘化铯的面板是合适的。
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公开(公告)号：WO2006097697A1
公开(公告)日：2006-09-21
申请号：PCT/GB2006/000869
申请日：2006-03-10
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) , BROWN, Kevin , LARGE, Terry, Arthur
Inventor： BROWN, Kevin , LARGE, Terry, Arthur
Abstract: A linear accelerator comprises a series of accelerating cavities, adjacent pairs of which are coupled via coupling cavities, in which at least one coupling cavity comprises a rotationally asymmetric element that is rotateable thereby to vary the coupling offered by that cavity. A control means for the accelerator is also provided, adapted to control operation of the accelerator and rotation of the asymmetric element, arranged to operate the accelerator in a pulsed manner and to rotate the asymmetric element between pulses to control the energy of successive pulses. A beneficial way of doing so is to rotate the asymmetric element continuously during operation of the linear accelerator. Then, the control means need only adjust the phase of successive pulses so that during the brief period of the pulse, the asymmetric element is "seen" to be at the required position. The asymmetric element can disposed within an evacuated part of the accelerator and rotated by way of an electromagnetic interaction with parts outside the evacuated part. No parts associated with the drive need therefore pass through the vacuum seal. This could be achieved by providing at least one magnetically polarised member on the asymmetric element and at least one electrical coil outside the evacuated part.
Abstract translation: 线性加速器包括一系列加速腔，其相邻的一对通过耦合空腔耦合，其中至少一个耦合空腔包括可旋转的不对称元件，由此可改变由该腔提供的耦合。 还提供了一种用于加速器的控制装置，其适于控制加速器的操作和不对称元件的旋转，其布置成以脉冲方式操作加速器并且在脉冲之间旋转不对称元件以控制连续脉冲的能量。 这样做的有益方式是在线性加速器的操作期间连续旋转不对称元件。 然后，控制装置仅需要调整连续脉冲的相位，使得在脉冲的短暂时段期间，非对称元件被“看到”在所需位置。 非对称元件可以设置在加速器的抽真空部分中，并且通过与抽空部件外部的部件的电磁相互作用而旋转。 因此，与驱动器相关的部件不需要通过真空密封。 这可以通过在不对称元件上提供至少一个磁极化构件和在抽空部分外部的至少一个电线圈来实现。
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公开(公告)号：WO2008043378A1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-17
申请号：PCT/EP2006/009801
申请日：2006-10-11
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , KNOX, Christopher , LONG, Andrew , BROWN, Kevin
Inventor： KNOX, Christopher , LONG, Andrew , BROWN, Kevin
CPC classification number: A61B6/5217 , A61B5/113 , A61B6/541 , A61N5/1064 , A61N2005/1061
Abstract: For Respiration Correlated Cone Beam CT scanning, we have observed that improvements in the frame rate are in fact undesirable. We therefore propose a radiographic apparatus comprising a beam of radiation and a detector therefor, adapted to obtain a two dimensional image of the beam after passing through a cyclically varying object to be investigated, a processor adapted to review the images and select images at like points in the cycle, and a control means for the beam of radiation adapted to activate the beam periodically. The control means can activate the beam at a frequency of between .5 and 5 Hertz, more preferably between 1 and 3 Hertz, which corresponds (roughly) to a frequency that is between 6 and 10 times the frequency of the cyclical variation. It will assist if the selected point of the cycle is an extremity thereof, as the rate of change in these areas is at a minimum. Thus, slight mismatches between the two cycles will then have only a small effect. Typically, the object will be a patient and the cyclical variation will be the patient's breathing cycle.
Abstract translation: 对于呼吸相关锥束CT扫描，我们已经观察到，帧率的改善实际上是不希望的。 因此，我们提出了一种包括辐射束和其检测器的射线照相设备，适用于在通过经过周期性变化的待调查物体之后获得光束的二维图像，处理器适于检查图像并以类似点选择图像 以及用于辐射束的控制装置，其适于周期性地激活光束。 控制装置可以以5.5赫兹之间的频率激活波束，更优选在1赫兹与3赫兹之间的频率下激活波长，其频率大致相当于循环变化频率的6到10倍之间的频率。 如果周期的选定点是其极限，则这些区域的变化率最小。 因此，两个周期之间的轻微错配将只有很小的影响。 通常，对象将是患者，周期性变化将是患者的呼吸周期。
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公开(公告)号：WO2008031443A1
公开(公告)日：2008-03-20
申请号：PCT/EP2006/008905
申请日：2006-09-13
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (publ) , LONG, Andrew , BROWN, Kevin , ALLEN, John
Inventor： LONG, Andrew , BROWN, Kevin , ALLEN, John
IPC: A61N5/00
CPC classification number: A61N5/1049 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/4488 , A61N2005/1054
Abstract: Flat panel images obtained during concurrent radiotherapy typically suffer from artefacts that relate to the pulses of MV energy. For a radiotherapeutic apparatus comprising a pulsed source of therapeutic radiation, a detector comprising control circuitry, an array of pixel elements, each having a signal output and an 'enable' input and being arranged to release a signal via the signal output upon being triggered by the enable input, and an interpreter arranged to receive the signal outputs of the pixel elements, the interpreter having a reset control, there are advantages in the control circuitry being adapted to reset the interpreter after a pulse of therapeutic radiation, prior to enabling at least one pixel of the array. Alternatively, the control circuitry can prompt a plurality of pulses by the pulsed source and then enable a plurality of pixels of the array. In effect, the therapeutic pulses are grouped into a short flurry of pulses. It is therefore preferred that the plurality of pixels comprises substantially all the pixels of the array.
Abstract translation: 在同时放射治疗期间获得的平板图像通常遭受与MV能量的脉冲有关的伪像。 对于包括脉冲的治疗辐射源的放射治疗装置，包括控制电路的检测器，每个具有信号输出和“使能”输入的像素元件的阵列，并且被布置成在由...触发时通过信号输出释放信号 所述使能输入和解释器被布置为接收所述像素元件的信号输出，所述解释器具有复位控制，所述控制电路适于在治疗性辐射脉冲之后复位所述解释器，在使能至少 数组的一个像素。 或者，控制电路可以通过脉冲源提示多个脉冲，然后启用阵列的多个像素。 实际上，治疗脉冲被分组成短脉冲。 因此，优选地，多个像素包括阵列的基本上所有的像素。
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公开(公告)号：WO2012103901A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-09
申请号：PCT/EP2011/000511
申请日：2011-02-04
Applicant: ELEKTA AB (PUBL) , KNOX, Christopher, Charles , WINFIELD, Colin , BROWN, Kevin
Inventor： KNOX, Christopher, Charles , WINFIELD, Colin , BROWN, Kevin
CPC classification number: A61B6/032 , A61B6/4233 , A61B6/466 , A61N2005/1061
Abstract: A method of imaging a patient, in an apparatus comprising a patient support on which the patient may be positioned, and a rotatable gantry supporting a source of imaging radiation for generating a radiation beam towards the patient, and a detector for detecting the radiation beam after interaction with the patient, the detector operating in a cyclical pattern of an exposure phase followed by a readout phase. The method comprises, for a first detector cycle in which the gantry has a first angle of rotation, controlling the source of radiation to emit a first radiation beam pulse during the exposure phase, and reading out respective first imaging data during the readout phase. The method further comprises, for a second, subsequent detector cycle, determining if the gantry has rotated through at least a threshold angular displacement relative to said first angle of rotation, if so, controlling the source of radiation to emit a second radiation beam pulse during the exposure phase, and reading out respective second imaging data during the readout phase.
Abstract translation: 一种对患者进行成像的方法，该装置包括可在其上定位患者的患者支架，以及支撑用于向患者产生辐射束的成像辐射源的可旋转机架，以及用于检测辐射束的检测器， 与患者的相互作用，检测器以曝光阶段的循环图案操作，接着是读出阶段。 该方法包括：对于其中机架具有第一旋转角度的第一检测器周期，在曝光阶段期间控制辐射源发射第一辐射束脉冲，并且在读出阶段期间读出相应的第一成像数据。 该方法还包括，对于第二个随后的检测器循环，确定台架是否相对于所述第一旋转角度已经旋转了至少一个阈值角位移，如果是，则控制辐射源发射第二辐射束脉冲 曝光阶段，并且在读出阶段期间读出相应的第二成像数据。
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