Abstract:
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) (10, 30) can have low transmission of a primarily reflected/absorbed polarization (e.g. low Ts). The WGP can comprise an array of wires (16) on a substrate (17) and a stack of thin films (19) between the substrate and the array of wires. The stack of thin films can include a first layer (11) closest to the substrate, a second layer (12) over the first layer, and a third layer (13) over the second layer and closest to the array of wires. An index of refraction of the first layer can be greater than an index of refraction of the substrate, an index of refraction of the second layer can be greater than the index of refraction of the first layer, and an index of refraction of the third layer can be less than the index of refraction of the first layer.
Abstract:
Cube polarizers (10, 40, 80) designed for substantially equal optical path lengths of a reflected beam (R) and a transmitted beam (T). Cube polarizers designed to reduce wire grid polarizer curvature in order to minimize wavefront distortion of the reflected beam and the transmitted beam.
Abstract:
Wire grid polarizers (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110), and methods of making wire grid polarizers, including an array of parallel, elongated nano-structures (15) disposed over a surface of a substrate (11). Each of the nano-structures can include a first rib (14) disposed over a surface of a substrate and a pair of parallel, elongated wires (12), each laterally oriented with respect to one another, and disposed over the first rib. The wire grid polarizers can be durable with high transmission of one polarization of light, high contrast, and / or small pitch. The wire grid polarizers can also have high absorption or high reflection of an opposite polarization of light.
Abstract:
The invention is a dielectric polarizing beam splitter (10, 20a, 20b, 30, 40) including a grating-layer (13) disposed over a substantially planar surface of a substrate (11). The grating-layer can include an array of elongated, substantially-parallel alternating high-index regions (13H) and low-index regions (13L). An index of refraction (nL) of the low-index-regions can be less than an index of refraction (nH) of the high-index-regions.
Abstract:
A reflection repressed wire-grid polarizer (10a-e) for polarizing incident visible or infrared light (12) and selectively repressing a reflected polarization includes at least three layers (18a-d) disposed on a substrate (14). A polarizing wire-grid layer (18a) has an array of parallel metal wires (22) with a period less than half the wavelength of the incident light. A reflection-repressing layer or grid (18c) includes an inorganic and non-dielectric material which is optically absorptive of visible or infrared light, A dielectric layer or grid (18b, 18d) includes an inorganic and dielectric material.
Abstract:
An embedded, inverse wire-grid polarizer (WGP) includes ribs (13) located over a surface of a transparent substrate (11), gaps (16) between the ribs, and a fill-layer (15) substantially filling the gaps. The fill-layer has a relatively high index of refraction, such as greater than 1.4. At a wavelength of light incident upon the WGP, E11 transmission can be greater than El. transmission. E11 is a polarization of light with an electric field oscillation parallel to a length L of the ribs, and El. is a polarization of light with an electric field oscillation perpendicular to a length L of the ribs. This embedded, inverse WGP is especially useful for polarizing, with high WGP performance, small wavelength (high-energy) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (e.g. UV) which are difficult to polarize with conventional WGPs (El. transmission > E11 transmission).
Abstract:
A wire grid polarizer (10, 20, 30, 90) comprising an array of parallel, elongated nano-structures (15) disposed over a surface of a substrate (11). Each of the nano-structures can include a pair of parallel, elongated wires (16), or top ribs (12), each oriented laterally with respect to one another. There can be a first gap (G 1 ) disposed between the pair of wires (or top ribs). Each of the nano-structures can be separated from an adjacent nano-structure by a second gap (G 2 ) disposed between adjacent nanostructures, and thus between adjacent pairs of wires. A first gap width (W 1 ) of the first gap can be different than a second gap width (W 2 ) of the second gap. Also included are methods of making wire grid polarizers.
Abstract:
A selectively absorptive, mulitlayer wire-grid polarizer (10a-e) for polarizing incident light (12) includes a stack of thin film layers (18) disposed over a substrate (14), including a wire-grid array of elongated metal elements (26) having a period less than half the wavelength of the light. One of the layers can include a thin film layer with a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the substrate. One of the thin film layers (30a-c) can include a dielectric array of non-metal elements. One of the layers (34a-b) includes a material that is optically absorptive to the incident light.
Abstract:
An inorganic, dielectric grid polarizer device (10, 10b, 10c, I0d, 10e, 10f) includes a stack (14, 14b, 14c, 14d, 14e, 14f of film layers ( 18a, 18b) disposed over a substrate (22). Each film layer is formed of a material that is both inorganic and dielectric. Adjacent film layers each have different refractive indices. At least one of the film layers is discontinuous to form a form-birefringent layer (26) with an array of parallel ribs (30) having a period less than 400 nm. Another layer, different than the form-birefringent layer, is formed of an optically absorptive material for the ultra-violet spectrum.
Abstract:
A wire grid polarizer (WGP) (10, 30, 40, 50) can have improved performance due to a high aspect ratio (e.g. > 3, > 5, > 10, > 15, > 20, or > 30), where aspect ratio equals T/W, T is a sum of a thickness of wires of the first array (11) plus a thickness of wires of the second array (12) (i.e. T=Th11+Th12), and W is a maximum width of wires of the first array (11) and/or of the second array (12). Such high aspect ratio can be achieved with two arrays of wires (11 and 12), each capped by a thin film (01 and 02).