Abstract:
A process transmitter for measuring a process variable in an industrial process comprises a sensor module, a heating device and transmitter circuitry. The sensor module has a sensor for sensing a process variable of an industrial process and generating a sensor signal. The heating device is connected to the sensor module for generating a heat pulse to influence generation of the sensor signal. The transmitter circuitry is connected to the sensor and the heating device. The transmitter circuitry verifies operation of the sensor by measuring a change in the sensor signal due to the heat pulse. In one embodiment of the invention, the heat pulse thermally expands a volume of a fill fluid within the process transmitter. In another embodiment, the heat pulse changes a physical property, such as dielectric, of a fill fluid within the process transmitter.
Abstract:
A perturbation is inputted to a capacitance transducer. It can be illuminated by an LED, causing an increase in capacitance (fig. 4). The effect decreases with decreasing vacuum level. A step voltage can be applied to cause an effective pressure change. Ringing frequency, decay rate, amplitude are observed (fig. 5). The pressure output is accordingly compensated or an alarm is risen.
Abstract:
A corrosion measurement system (100) includes a corrosion sensor (110) having a corrosion sensor output related to corrosion due to exposure to a process fluid (104). A process variable sensor (106) provides a process variable output related to a process variable of the process fluid (104). Measurement circuitry (120) coupled to the corrosion sensor (110) and the process variable sensor (106) provides an output related to corrosion based upon the corrosion sensor output and the process variable output
Abstract:
A corrosion rate measurement system (130) includes a first membrane (160) of a first material configured to be exposed to a corrosive material and deflect in response to corrosion. A second membrane (162) is configured to be exposed to a corrosive material and deflect in response to corrosion. A pressure sensor (134) is operably coupled to at least one of the first and second membranes (160, 162) and configured to measure deflection of at least one of the first and second membranes (160, 162) as a function of a pressure and an amount of corrosion at least one of the first and second membranes (160, 162).
Abstract:
A variable optical attenuator has a first movable waveguide support and a second waveguide support that include first and second waveguides, respectively, such that the first and second waveguides are aligned for propagating an optical energy. An electrically driven actuator positions the movable waveguide support for coupled, optical misalignment relative to the second support to achieve a desired optical attenuation value. The movable waveguide support may be in a cantilevered configuration in which a distal end extends over a surface having an electrode. In this example, applying a drive signal to the electrode deflects the movable support such that the signal coupled between the first waveguide to the second waveguide is attenuated. The drive signal may be set to achieve a desired value for an electrical parameter that varies with the position of the movable waveguide support. In some examples, the drive signal is set to achieve a desired capacitance or voltage difference between the movable waveguide support and the electrode.
Abstract:
An in-line process fluid pressure transmitter (100) is provided. The transmitter (100) includes a process fluid connector (102) configured to couple to a source of process fluid. A plug (190) is coupled to the process fluid connector (102) and has a passageway (181) configured to convey fluid to a distal end (183) of the plug (190). A pressure sensor subassembly (180) is coupled to the plug (190) at a weld (187). The pressure sensor subassembly (180) has a pressure sensor (185) operably coupled to the distal end (183) of the passageway (181) such that the pressure sensor (185) reacts to process fluid pressure. The plug (190) includes a sidewall (186) encircling the weld (187). Transmitter electronics are coupled to the pressure sensor (185) and configured to measure an electrical characteristic of the pressure sensor (185) and provide a process fluid pressure value based on the measured electrical characteristic.
Abstract:
An electrically variable optical attenuator (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 602, 604, 606) and associated methods are disclosed. In one aspect, the attenuator (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 602, 604, 606) includes at least one sensor 710 that provides a sensor output with respect to a variable that affects attenuation. Methods of characterizing the attenuator (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 602, 604, 606) include obtaining a set of attenuation/sensed variable data, and generating a relationship (such as a look-up table or mathematical function) relating the sensed variable to the attenuation. Aspects of the invention also include characterizing the control input/attenuation output to be related by a selected mathematical function.
Abstract:
An optical switch formed of a holographic optical element (HOE) disposed above a top surface of a substrate and moveable relative thereto is shown. Light is traveling through the substrate under total internal reflection, which creates an evanescent field extending beyond the reflecting surfaces of the substrate. The HOE is characterized, in one embodiment, by being formed from a plurality of strips that are moveable between a first position in which the strips are above the evanescent field and a second position in which the strips are inside the evanescent field. In the first position, the light in the substrate propagates unaffected by the HOE in a primary direction of propagation. In the second position, the light in the substrate is altered by the HOE and made to propagate in a reflected direction oblique to that of the primary direction of propagation.
Abstract:
A pressure sensor (56) includes a fill tube (93) which is arranged to couple to a process pressure. A sensor (98) is coupled to the fill tube (93) and is configured to measure pressure of fluid in the fill tube (93) as a function of a change of a physical property of the fill tube (93). Circuitry (74) is provided to measure pressure based upon the change of the physical property of the fill tube (93).
Abstract:
A diagnostic system for a pressure sensor (56) having a cavity (132, 134) configured to receive on applied pressure is provided. The cavity (132, 134) has a first and a second wall. A deflectable diaphragm (106) is positioned in the cavity and configured to form a first and a second capacitance with the first wall and a third and a fourth capacitance with the second wall which change in response to the applied pressure. The capacitances form a first transfer function and a second transfer function. Changes in the first transfer function relative to the second transfer function are detected to provide a diagnostic output.