Abstract:
Le brise-lames (14) est solidarisé à distance de la paroi interne (12) en regard d'un contenant (1) destiné à être émaillé, par exemple un réacteur chimique, et est maintenu à distance de cette paroi interne (12) par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un raccordement local (15). Le brise-lames peut être plein ou creux et peut dans ce cas être mis en communication fluidique, au niveau de son raccordement local, avec l'espace fermé (13) compris entre la paroi externe (11) et la paroi interne du contenant. L'invention concerne également un contenant comportant un ou plusieurs brise-lames de ce type. Cette invention intéresse l'industrie chimique et pharmaceutique, et en particulier les fabricants et utilisateurs de brise-lames.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing melamine by means of pyrolysis of urea in a high-pressure reactor with a vertical centre tube, wherein the melamine flows from the bottom to the top of the reactor, is mixed in the lower part of the reactor with a urea melt introduced into the reactor from below and, optionally, NH3, the melamine is discharged from the centre tube in the upper part thereof, part of the melamine thus formed flows downwards in the annulus between the centre tube and the reactor wall, the remaining part being transferred outwardly for further processing and the off gases are separated. The invention also relates to a reactor for carrying out said method.
Abstract:
A reaction vessel 110 which includes internally placed temperature controlling mixing baffles 400 in which liquid is boiled, resulting in an isothermal heat sink. The energy of vaporization is supplied by the reaction vessel contents. The vapor produced by the boiling may be directed to channel coils 100 which surround the outside of the reaction vessel wall 120. The channel coils 100 contact the outside wall 120 of the reaction vessel 110 perpendicularly, and provide mechanical support for the reaction vessel 110. The mechanical support from the channel coils 100 allows for a decrease in the thickness of the reaction vessel wall 120 and corresponding increased heat transfer efficiency between the channel coil contents and the reaction vessel contents. The entire above described apparatus is enclosed within an evacuated shell 300 to provide additional insulation. The apparatus includes a gravitationally powered device that ensures that saturated or sub-cooled liquid enters the isothermal mixing baffles 400, thus guaranteeing that isothermal phase change will occur therein.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of carboxylic acid fluorides of the formula RCFXC(O)F, wherein X designates F or Cl. Compounds of the formula RCFXCHFCl are reacted with oxygen by photochemical oxidation in the gaseous phase. This yields good quantities of highly selective carboxylic acid fluorides. It is preferable to work under sensitization with chlorine and light at a wavelength of lambda >/=280 nm. This makes it possible to work without the use of pressure. Glass apparatus may be covered with a protective coating so as to protect it against traces of hydrogen fluoride. To this end, for example, heat-shrinkable sleeves made of translucent hydrogen fluoride-resistant material may be used. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluoropropylene or a mixture thereof are especially suitable for this purpose. This type of protection is also suited for other reactions, such as photo-induced fluoro-dediazonation in hydrogen fluoride/pyridine for the production of aromatic compounds fluorinated in the nucleus or the oxidation of CHCL2 groups for the production of carboxylic acid fluorides.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for compact and easily maintainable waste reformation. Some embodiments include a rotary oven reformer adapted and configured to provide synthesis gas from organic waste. Some embodiments include a rotary oven with simplified operation both as to reformation of the waste, usage of the synthesized gas and other products, and easy removal of the finished waste products, preferably in a unit of compact size for use in austere settings. Yet other embodiments include Fischer-Tropsch reactors of synthesized gas. Some of these reactors include heat exchanging assemblies that provide self-cleaning effects, efficient utilization of waste heat, and ease of cleaning.
Abstract:
A reactor and associated process for the high-pressure synthesis of melamine from urea, comprising a primary step of conversion of the urea into crude melamine inside a first chamber delimited by a shell inside a reactor body and a secondary step of stripping said crude melamine melt inside a second reaction chamber, which is coaxial with and situated outside said first chamber, inside the same reactor body.
Abstract:
The invention disclosed herein relates to tube in tube in tube continuous glass lined metal reactor with enhanced heat transfer efficiency. Particularly, the reactor comprising three concentric tubular segments; (a) inner glass lined tube [105]; (b) intermediate glass lined tube and (c) outer glass lined tube [104]; wherein the heat transfer fluid flows in the areas of segment [104] and [105] and reactant flow between the inner and outer glass lined tubes or their annulus.
Abstract:
Apparatuses and methods for preparing polyamide polymer with reduced foaming comprise steps of introducing a polymerizable composition including a polyamide salt into an agitated autoclave for polymerization, and increasing pressure within the agitated autoclave during a first cycle until a relative high pressure is achieved while agitating the polymerizable composition with an agitator. Additional steps include maintaining the pressure at the relative high pressure during a second cycle at least in part by venting the agitated autoclave, and stopping or significantly slowing movement of the agitator during at least a portion of the second cycle until a foam level within the agitated autoclave is reduced.
Abstract:
A device for converting solid waste to gaseous form. The device includes a chamber for holding waste material and molten eutectics. The chamber has at least one opening for receiving the waste material into the molten eutectics. An oxygen supply and an ozone supply bring oxygen and ozone into the molten eutectics. The waste is heated by the molten eutectics and combines with the oxygen and ozone to form at least carbon dioxide, which can be removed for use, disposal, or storage. In one embodiment, a grate contains the solid material and prevents it from reaching a top surface of the molten eutectics and a blade mixes the eutectics, waste material, oxygen and ozone. Also provided is a method for converting solid waste to gaseous form.