摘要:
The present invention is a combustion strategy using a swirl burner tip, which is one of stoichiometric mixture of reactants (2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O) with added high quality dry steam (H 2 O (g)) as a thermal diluent. The amount of dry steam can be determined by the safety requirements of the reactants and the desired temperature of post-flame gases. It can be appreciated that the design of the swirl burner tip is for safe handling of the reactants, and for rapid and thorough mixing of the reactants so combustion occurs in a nearly premixed configuration exterior of the swirl burner tip. The H 2 /O 2 ratio is fixed to consume all H 2 and O 2 (stoichiometric), with dry steam (H 2 O (g)) strategically added to the reactants. The burner tip is configured to create counter swirling reactant flows separate from each other.
摘要翻译:本发明是一种使用旋流燃烧器尖端的燃烧策略,其为反应物的化学计量混合物(2H 2 O + O 2→ 2H 2 O)和加入高质量干蒸汽(H 2 O(g))作为热稀释剂。 干蒸汽的量可以通过反应物的安全要求和后焰气体的期望温度来确定。 可以理解的是,旋流燃烧器尖端的设计用于反应物的安全处理,并且为了反应物的快速和彻底的混合,所以燃烧发生在旋流燃烧器尖端的几乎预混合构造外部。 H 2 / O 2比固定为消耗全部H 2和O 2(化学计量),其中 干蒸汽(H 2 O(g))有策略地加入到反应物中。 燃烧器尖端被配置为产生彼此分离的反向旋流反应物流。 p>
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung eines Rohstoffes (10), mit einer Brennkammer (5), in dereine periodisch instationäre, schwingende Flamme (1) brennt, zur Erzeugung eines pulsierenden Abgasstromes (9), der durch eine an die Brennkammer (5) anschließenden Reaktionsraum (7) strömt. Um zu erreichen, dass der Rohstoff effektiv behandelt wird, wird vorgeschlagen, dass in dem Reaktionsraum (7) ein von dem Abgasstrom durchströmter, in der Querschnittsfläche (14) gegenüber dem Reaktionsraum (7) reduzierter Einsatz (13) vorgesehen ist, der eine Länge (15) aufweist, die kürzer ist als eine Gesamtlänge des Reaktionsraumes (7). Insbesondere sind die Länge (15) des Einsatzes (13) und die Geometrie der Brennkammer (5) veränderbar, so dass man zwei aufeinander abstimmbare Resonatoren hat.
摘要:
La présente invention concerne un réacteur de traitement, notamment par carbonisation hydrothermale, de boues chargées en matières organiques, comportant : - une enceinte (100) comprenant une chambre intérieure agencée pour recevoir les boues et pour constituer un chemin de circulation des boues apte à permettre une circulation des boues, - une entrée de boues (1) agencée pour introduire les boues dans une zone d'introduction de boues de la chambre intérieure, - une sortie de boues (11) agencée pour évacuer au moins une partie des boues contenues dans la chambre intérieure, et - une entrée de vapeur (3) agencée pour injecter de la vapeur dans une zone d'injection de vapeur de la chambre intérieure suivant un sens d'injection de vapeur,le sens d'injection de vapeur étant différent d'un sens de circulation des boues dans la zone d'injection de vapeur le long du chemin de circulation, la zone d'injection de vapeur étant séparée de la zone d'introduction de boues.
摘要:
Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for the pyrolysis of methane into acetylene. A heat exchanger is disposed downstream of a supersonic reactor and is used to recover heat from the quenched effluent. Effluent may flow on a shell side of the heat exchanger and cooling fluid may flow on a tube side. Additionally, a separator is disposed downstream of the heat exchanger so that the effluent is capable of freely draining into the separator. The heat exchanger, separator, or both may be disposed at an angle between 20º to 90º from the horizon so that the fluid is capable of freely draining into the separator. The separator includes an outlet gas valve that may be used to control the pressure within the reactor.
摘要:
Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. An acid washing system is employed to wash the reactor effluent to remove any copper acetylide byproducts that may be present in the reactor effluent, or alternatively to decompose any copper acetylide byproducts that may remain in the reactor after shutdown of the reactor.
摘要:
Methods and reactors are provided for producing acetylene. The method includes combusting a fuel with oxygen in a combustor to produce a carrier gas, and accelerating the carrier gas to a supersonic speed in a converging/diverging nozzle prior to the carrier gas entering a reaction zone. A nozzle exit temperature of the carrier gas is controlled from 1,200 degrees centigrade (°C) to 2,500 °C by adding a heat sink gas to the carrier gas before the reaction zone, where the heat sink gas is different than the fuel and the oxygen. Methane is added to the carrier gas in the reaction zone, and a shock wave is produced in the reaction zone by adjusting a back pressure such that the methane reacts to form acetylene.
摘要:
A quench system and process for cooling high temperature gases is presented. The quench system includes a frustum, or conic, shaped section having an inlet at the smaller end of the quench section and the outlet at the larger end of the quench section. The system includes spray nozzles having openings flush with the wall of the quench section. The process includes spraying a large volume of liquid in small droplets for rapid heat transfer and vaporization of the quench liquid.
摘要:
Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of nitrogen contaminants from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of amines in the hydrocarbon stream.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for manufacturing solid particles based on inert gas evaporation, where the method comprises forming a continuous gaseous feed flow comprising a saturated vapour of the material, and injecting the continuous gaseous feed flow through an inlet into a free-space region of a reactor chamber in the form of a feed jet flow protruding from the inlet, and forming at least one continuous jet flow of a cooling fluid and injecting the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid into the reaction chamber, wherein the feed jet flow is made by passing the feed flow at a pressure above the reactor chamber pressure in the range from 0.01 · 10 5 to 20 · 10 5 Pa through an injection nozzle functioning as the reactor inlet and which has a rectangular cross-sectional area of the nozzle opening with height A feed and width B feed , where the aspect ratio B feed /A feed is ≥ 2: 1, and the height A is in the range from 0.1 to 40 mm, and each of the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid is made by passing the cooling fluid through an injection nozzle which directs the jet flow of cooling fluid such that it intersects the feed jet flow with an intersection angle between 30 and 150°, and where each of the at least one jet flow of cooling fluid, either individually or combined, mixes with substantially all of the gas of the feed jet flow at an intended distance apart from the nozzle opening for injection of the feed jet flow.