Abstract:
Изобретение относится к теплоэнергетике Способ заключается в том, что сжигание мелкодисперсного органического топлива осуществляют в цилиндрической футерованной камере, нижняя часть которой представляет собой слой песка, на который насыпаны в один слой дискретные частицы, являющиеся регенеративными элементами. Топливо равномерно подают на зеркало горения, окислитель (воздух) подают через вращающиеся закрепленные на центральной оси коллекторы в слой между песком и дискретными частицами, псевдоожижение регенеративных элементов обеспечивают вращающимися коллекторами. Переход от режима полного сжигания топлива к режиму газогенерации осуществляют варьированием подачи воздуха, поддерживая температуру на зеркале горения ниже температуры плавления золы, дожигают полученный газ в верхней части камеры, при этом более полное выгорание углерода топлива в режиме газогенерации обеспечивают поддержанием необходимого влагосодержания исходного топлива. Технический результат - возможность использования различных видов твердого топлива (торф, горючие сланцы, уголь, отходы производств и др.) для получения тепла и горючего газа.
Abstract:
A method of and an apparatus for combusting sulfurous fuel in a circulating fluidized bed boiler (10), the apparatus comprising: a furnace (12), means for feeding sulfurous fuel (14) and CaCO 3 -containing sorbent (16) to the furnace; a dry circulating fluidized bed scrubber (22) comprising a reactor (28) having means for feeding water and Ca(OH) 2 for converting SO 2 in the exhaust gas to CaSO 3 and CaSO 4 and a dust separator (30) in gas flow connection with the reactor, means for removing CaO-containing bottom ash (40) from the furnace, a classifier (42) for classifying a portion of the removed CaO-containing bottom ash into a coarse bottom ash portion and a finer bottom ash portion; a fine ash channel (48) for conveying at least a portion of the finer bottom ash portion from the classifier (42) to a grinder (50); a ground ash channel (52) for conveying at least a portion of the ground bottom ash portion from the grinder (50) to a hydrator (54) so as to hydrate CaO in the ground bottom ash portion to Ca(OH) 2 , and a hydrated ash channel (58) for conveying at least a portion of the Ca(OH) 2 from the hydrator (54) to the dry circulating fluidized bed scrubber (22) as a sorbent.
Abstract:
In a method for processing ash, fly ash is separated from a product gas flow obtained from gasification of fuel, which fly ash is burnt in fluidized bed combustion to reduce the carbon content in the ash, after which the flue gases from the combustion are processed. The ash is burnt by fluidized bed combustion at a temperature below 900°C for reducing the carbon content, and the flue gases produced by the combustion of ash are introduced into combustion air of a boiler (8) that burns the product gas obtained from the gasification.
Abstract:
Procédé (1) de production d'énergie à partir d'au moins un combustible (4), comprenant : une étape a) d'oxydation (2a) dudit combustible (4) par mise en contact avec au moins un composé solide chargé en oxygène (5a) et de réduction (2b) concomitante dudit composé solide; - une étape b) de récupération dudit composé solide réduit (9) à l'étape a); une étape c), exothermique, d'oxydation (3b) d'une fraction non nulle (9a) dudit composé solide récupéré à l'étape b) par mise en contact avec au moins un gaz (6) comprenant de l'oxygène; et - une étape d) de récupération dudit composé solide oxydé (5) à l'issue de l'étape c) et de mise en œuvre à l'étape a) d'une fraction non nulle (5a) dudit composé solide oxydé (5); la chaleur dégagée à l'étape c) étant au moins partiellement récupérée pour réaliser ladite production d'énergie; ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que le gaz (6) comprenant de l'oxygène est alternativement, selon la puissance d'énergie souhaitée, de l'air ou un gaz comprenant une concentration volumique en oxygène comprise entre 22% et 100%.
Abstract:
A reactor for contacting a fluid with a granular solid, the reactor including: a reactor housing including a reaction zone in which the fluid and the granular solid are contacted together; a granular solids inlet adapted to deliver a bed of granular solids into the reaction zone wherein the height and/or width dimension of the bed of the granular solids is substantially less than the length of the bed; a plurality of fluid inlets for delivering the fluid into the reaction zone, whereby the delivery of the fluid into the reaction zone at least partially fluidises the bed of granular solids; a granular solids outlet for receiving the bed of granular solids after having passed through the reaction zone; and, a fluid outlet for receiving the fluid, and any entrained particles, after the fluid has passed through the reaction zone.
Abstract:
A method for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions of a bubbling fluidized bed boiler burning biofuel and an air distribution system for a bubbling fluidized bed boiler biofuel. A fluidized bed (2) is arranged in the lower part of a furnace (1) of the bubbling fluidized bed boiler, which is fluidized by means of fluidizing gas, which comprises at least primary air. Fuel is fed to the fluidized bed (2), which dries and pyrolizes into pyrolysis gas comprising volatile matter of fuel, which gas rises upwards in the furnace and burns there. Secondary air is supplied above the fluidized bed (2) from secondary air nozzles (6), and tertiary air is supplied above the secondary air nozzles (6). A part of primary air is supplied in connection with fuel feeding in such a manner that the fuel is forced substantially on the surface of the fluidized bed (2), thus pyrolizing entirely, and at least a part of the pyrolysis gases formed in the pyrolysis is burnt by means of primary air in such a manner that the air coefficient in relation to the volatile matter of fuel in the pyrolysis gases is in the substoichiometric area.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for operating a fluidized bed boiler, comprising carrying out the combustion process with a fluidized bed comprising ilmenite particles, wherein the average residence time of the ilmenite particles in the boiler is at least 75 hours. The invention further relates to ilmenite particles obtainable by a corresponding method and the use of said ilmenite particles as oxygen-carrying material.
Abstract:
A fluidized bed heat exchanger with a chamber (24) comprises a solid particles inlet port (22), a solid particles outlet port (30), arranged at a distance to the inlet port (22), means (46) for introducing a fluidizing gas from a bottom area into the chamber (24). The heat exchanger further comprises at least two heat transfer means (28) within the one chamber (24), each being provided with a heat transfer medium inlet port (42) and a heat transfer medium outlet port (44), wherein a first heat transfer means (28) is designed as a reheater and second heat transfer means (28) is designed as a superheater to achieve a heat transfer medium temperature and a heat transfer medium pressure above that of the reheater. At least one of the reheater or superheater is made of a multiplicity of heat transfer tubes arranged in a meandering fashion for conveying a heat transfer medium.
Abstract:
The use of a heat exchanger pipe (300) in the fluidized bed of a fluidized bed boiler. The heat exchanger pipe (300) has a first dimension (d max ) in its crosssectional plane and a second dimension (d min ) in a direction transverse to the first dimension, the first dimension being greater than the second dimension. At least part of the heat exchanger pipe (300) is placed in a fluidized bed (100, 136, 133, 139, 130, 145) in such a way that the longitudinal direction of the pipe is at an angle smaller than 60 degrees to the horizontal plane. Said second dimension (d min ) is horizontal. The cross-section of the heat exchanger pipe (300) tapers towards the upper and lower edges. Furthermore, a fluidized bed boiler is presented for implementing said use. Moreover, a method is presented for heating a heat transfer fluid by a granular solid substance. In the method, a fluidized bed is formed of said solid substance in the fluidized bed boiler, and the heat exchanger pipe is used in the described manner.