摘要:
The invention relates to a thin film (2) forming an intermediate layer for an optical article comprising liquid crystals (1100), comprising a main body (20) limited by a first main surface (21) and by a second main surface (22) opposed to the first main surface, said first and second main surfaces both comprising a first zone (211, 221) exhibiting alignment properties for aligning liquid crystals along a predetermined alignment direction and a second zone (212; 222) forming spacing structures (23) extending from the main surfaces, wherein the spacing structures are formed integrally with the layer having alignment properties.
摘要:
In-plane switching type colour electrophoretic display. The electrophoretic layer consists of cavities (18ab) containing a suspension, which define the pixels (10, 12). Adjacent to each cavity, two control electrodes (20a, 20b) are arranged outside the field of view (26) of the pixel, to initiate in-plane motion of the particles. Two particle types (24a, 24b) differing in colour (yellow, cyan) and optionally: (i) particle mobility or threshold electrical field for initiating motion as well as (possibly charge polarity) or (ii) an additional control electrode also arranged outside the field of view, are arranged in a suspension in the pixel cell. This 'arrangement allows a composite colour scheme for each pixel to be obtained ^in a controllable way. The control electrodes may be arranged at the bounding ends of the cavity, i.e. normal to the layer plane, or in the layer plane at the edges of the cavity. Since they are also covered by a light shielding layer, the electrodes and the particles collected on them, do not impinge on the field of view of the pixel. In addition only a small part of the cavity area is covered by electrode material, so that the total transmission (brightness) of the pixel can be optimized. Two such cells (18ab, 18cd) may be stacked on top of each other. Particles in the second cell (yellow, cyan) have different colours than those in first cell (magenta, black), but their other properties are arranged according to option (i). One of the cells determines mainly the luminance of the display, the other its colour. A white reflector allows a reflective CMY or CMYK subtractive colour display to be achieved. A transmissive variant with a backlight is also disclosed.
摘要:
A spectral filter is adapted for use in a receiver, for example in a short range submarine laser signal path, wherein the relative orientations of the receiver is such that the signal may appear diffusely or at an unknown point in a wide external field of view around an optical axis of the receiver. A narrow band spectral filter in the receiver has cascaded stages of tunable retarders with includes multi-conjugate stages that tolerate light that is oblique to normal, up to a diverging internal field of view angle up to about 10°. A fisheye lens assembly refracts incoming light from a wider external field of 170° or more and directs the light into the filter over the narrow internal field of view. Calibration and feedback control can be provided to stabilize the discriminated wavelength peak, which remains at the same center wavelength over the span of the internal field of view notwithstanding the difference in retarder thicknesses traversed along paths that are normal to the retarders versus oblique to the optical axis.
摘要:
The invention relates to an electrophoretic color display panel, the display panel comprising at least one pixel (10, 12), the at least one pixel (10, 12) comprising a layer cavity (18ab) containing a suspension with a first set of charged particles (24a) having a first optical property and a second set of charged particles (24b) having a second optical property, and a pair of control electrodes (20a, 20b) arranged adjacent to the layer cavity (18ab), such that charged particles (24a, 24b) are essentially in-plane displaceable in an in-plane direction within the layer cavity (18ab) upon application of a control voltage over the electrode pair, wherein the in-plane distribution of charged particles (24a, 24b) having first and second optical properties in the layer cavity (18ab) depends on at least one of a differing control property additional to any polarity difference of the charged particles (24a, 24b) for each set of charged particles, or at least one additional electrode arranged adjacent to the layer cavity, wherein the electrode pair (20a, 20b) and the at least one additional control electrode are arranged essentially outside of a viewing area (26) of the at least one pixel (10, 12), such that a composite optical property of at least a portion of the at least one pixel (10, 12) is controllable. According to the invention, the control electrodes will be arranged at essentially the outer ends, or arranged in-plane, at a peripheral, of a prolonged layer cavity, such that the particles move in an in-plane direction within the layer cavity when the control voltage is applied. This facilitates the handling of the pixel since the layer cavity can be reached from essentially the outside of the pixel. Another advantage is that since only a minor part of the pixel area has to be covered with an electrode material the total transmission and thus the brightness of the pixel can be optimized.
摘要:
An optical wavelength filter uses birefringence and polarization to discriminate and block a wavelength stop band. Birefringent elements, each having a fixed retarder and a liquid crystal, are placed along the signal path with the fast and slow axes in each pair being aligned and rotationally displaced from other pairs The birefringence parts are arranged by their thickness, birefringence and progressive rotational orientation so that each pair contributes to achieving a specific polarization state for specific periodic wavelength discrimination bands. A selection polarizer at the output blocks bands that have this polarization state. The birefringence elements are tuned in a coordinated manner and thereby to select one or more wavelengths as the band stop discrimination band.
摘要:
Disclosed are digitally-switchable bandpass filters combining non-tunable retarder stacks with switchable liquid crystal cells. The disclosed filter embodiments function like a filter wheel with no moving parts that may provide faster switching, better image registration, compact size, and lower electrical power consumption. These benefits are attractive in portable handheld devices, such as bio-hazard sensors or glucose monitors.
摘要:
Holographic optical elements (HOEs) can be used in systems and methods for providing illumination and for projecting images. The HOEs may be switchable HOEs, whose diffractive properties can be controlled. Described herein is a method of combining light from two or more illumination sources. In one embodiment, a reflection-type HOE is illuminated by the first illumination source. The HOE diffracts light from the first illumination source into an output direction. Light from the second illumination source is transmitted through the HOE and onto a reflective optical element, which reflects the light back through the HOE and into the same output direction. Also described is a projection system that uses two or more HOEs to combine two or more colors of light for use by a single image display. The system includes one or more light sources, an image display (such as a reflective or transmissive LCD display or a MEMS display, for example), and a first and a second HOE. The HOEs are each mounted between a light source and the image display, and configured to provide one color of light to the image display and from the image display into an output direction. In one embodiment, the HOEs are switchable HOEs and can be used for color-sequential display and/or for color balancing.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods of fabricating pixel electrodes (44) for active matrix displays including the formation of arrays of transistor circuits in thin film silicon (10) on an insulating substrate and transfer of this active matrix circuit onto an optically transmissive substrate (24). An array of color filter elements can be formed prior to transfer of the active matrix circuit that are aligned between a light source for the display and the array of pixel electrodes to provide a color display.