Abstract:
A waveguide/diode is manufactured by taking into account the effect that losses have on a multi-mode optical signal as it transits through the waveguide/diode. In particular, the loss effects that are caused by higher order modes in the optical signal as it passes back and forth through the cross charge region of a PN junction are considered. The consequent stretching of the cross coupling distance for the optical signal is then evaluated to minimize the required length for the waveguide/diode.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for monitoring and feedback control of a photonic switch such as 2x2 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer switch. Optical signals at an input and an output of the switch are monitored via optical taps. A sinusoidal time-varying phase shift is applied to one of the monitoring signals. An optical combiner then combines the monitoring signals. A photodetector monitors output of the optical combiner to provide a feedback signal. The amplitude of the feedback signal due to the time-varying phase shift increases with the amount of input signal present in the output signal. When the input signal is to be routed to the output (e.g. for a bar state), a controller manipulates the switch to maximize feedback signal amplitude. When the input signal is to be routed to a different output (e.g. for a cross state), the controller manipulates the switch to minimize feedback signal amplitude.
Abstract:
An apparatus comprising an optical filter located on a substrate. The optical filter including an optical splitter configured to receive an input light and an interferometer having two waveguide arms having different optical path-lengths from each other. The waveguide arms configured to receive the input light from the optical splitter. At least a portion of one of the two waveguide arms has a narrower core width than a wider core width of the other waveguide arm. The waveguide arm with the longest waveguide portion having the narrower core width has the longest total physical path-length of the two waveguide arms. At least one of the two waveguide arms having a set of discrete waveguide portions, the discrete waveguide portions of the set being connected by optical switches which are configured to tunably select from a plurality of different physical path-lengths through the discrete waveguide portions of the at least one waveguide arm.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a nanoapplication (2) comprising a nanostructure (1) attached to a substrate (3). The invention is characterized in that the nanostructure () comprises conducting means (4) for allowing manipulation by an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field, wherein the 5 nanostructure (1) is arranged to be displaced in relation to the substrate (3) when the conducting means (4) is subject to the electromagnetic field or the magnetic field.
Abstract:
A tuneable electro-optic modulator (1) comprising first and second spaced apart output optical waveguides (2, 3), each output optical waveguide comprising a coupled portion (12) optically coupled to a corresponding coupled portion (13) of the other output optical waveguide, the coupled portions defining a coupling region (14) therebetween; an optical source adapted to symmetrically provide an optical signal to the first and second output optical waveguides; a portion of each of the output optical waveguides having a signal electrode (6, 7) thereon; the modulator further comprising a central optical waveguide (15), at least a portion of which is arranged in the coupling region, the central optical waveguide having a tuning electrode (16) thereon.
Abstract:
The present invention is directed to highly integrated lightwave circuits made from ultrahigh-index-contrast materials. Specifically the present invention is directed to optical switch arrays and means for their fabrication.
Abstract:
An optical device, comprising a core layer (11) having a branch guided wave passage, a first clad layer (12) having the core layer stacked on a part of the surface thereof, a second clad layer (13) holding the core layer together with the first clad layer, a third clad layer (14) stacked on the second clad layer, heating electrodes (15, 16), and a substrate (17) having a heat sink function, wherein at least one of the core layer, first clad layer, and second clad layer is formed with an optical material having a positive refraction factor change coefficient, and the refraction factor of the third clad layer is made smaller than that of the second clad layer.