Abstract:
A circuit including two operational amplifiers (116), (126) connected in parallel. For the purpose of this explanation, assume that an equivalent input noise of a circuit with one operational amplifier is too high. Where two operational amplifiers (116), (126), are connected in parallel, the signals from the operational amplifiers (116), (126) add as currents at the output node of the parallel combination.
Abstract:
The separation of an adjacent band pass filters (11, 12, 13, 14, 15) is improved, without changing the filters, by inverting (21, 22) the output signals from alternate filters (12, 14) and not inverting the remaining output signals. All the output signals are then summed (17). The result is a deeper notch in the frequency response of adjacent filters.
Abstract:
A direct conversion receiver (10) having a homodyning section (12) and a filter (18). The filter (18) includes a plurality of serially coupled high pass filter stages (20(1)-20(n)). The high pass filter section (18) act as a dc offset correction loop. The plurality of high pass filter stages (20(1)-20(n)) also enables the integration of the needed capacitors thus minimizing external components and connections. Each one of the filter stages includes an amplifier (22) and a low pass filter (24). Each one of the low pass filters (24) is adapted to have the cutoff frequency thereof switch from an initial high cutoff frequency to a subsequent lower cutoff frequency. A high pass filter stage (20(1)-20(n)) of a direct conversion receiver (10) is provided which includes in a low pass filter feedback section (24) thereof: a capacitor (C) and a resistor section (30). The resistor section (30) includes a switch for changing the resistance of the resistance section. A switching arrangement (32) is included for charging the capacitor (C) rapidly during an initial, start-up time period or after a large step change in the gain of the amplifier (22).
Abstract:
The present invention provides a sensor system and a corresponding sensing method employing the sensor system. The sensor system comprises a sensor (12) having an input (20) and an output (22), a feedback path (16) from the output to the input, and a filter (14; 92) in the feedback path. The filter comprises a narrow band filter, which is tuned or tunable to a respective one of signals that are wanted signals and signals that represent interference signals. The sensor and the filter are arranged so as to alter the relative amplitudes of the wanted signals and the interference signals in order to increase the relative amplitude of the wanted signals and reduce the relative amplitude of the interference signals.
Abstract:
Pairs of second-order filters with feedback and cross coupling may be used to implement pairs of complex poles. The cross coupling may be frequency-dependent cross coupling or frequency-independent cross coupling. Frequency independent cross coupling may include coupling an internal node of a biquad filter. The pairs of second-order filters can be used together to form a complex filter. The complex filter can be used to readily provide higher order poles. The resulting complex filter can achieve higher order poles while offering reduced circuit complexity.
Abstract:
Semiconductor device with an activated filter in the area of high and ultrahigh frequencies, said filter having an asymmetrical inlet (E) and outet (5) which are bulk-referenced, with between said inlet and outlet: a first branch consisting of an H(s) gain amplifier and a first impedance (Z1) in series, a second branch consisting of a second impedance (Z2). The amplifier circuit of the first branch is from an amplifier circuit having an H(s) transfer function of zero order, and an amplifier circuit having a LOW-PASS H(s) transfer function of one-order, in order to set the range of operating frequencies of the activated filter. The low frequency gain of the H(s) transfer function of the first branch amplifier circuit is regulated by control means applied to this circuit in order to adjust the characteristics of the activated filter, in said range of operating frequencies, between the band-stop and all-pass filter characteristics; the transfer function of the activated filter is of order two. Applications: in frequency doublers; and 0-90° phase-shifters.
Abstract:
Dynamic power-scaling optimizes the power consumption of analog signal processors according to the signal level. The system includes dynamic gain allocation, dynamic impedance scaling and dynamic biasing. Even though the system structure changes dynamically, there are no transients at the output of the system. Moreover, the dynamic changes are immune to the presence of interferers. It has been implemented in a fifth order channel-select filter for a zero-IF GSM receiver.
Abstract:
A composite filter (200) includes at least two cascading filters (202, 204) designed to minimize a passband ripple in the composite filter (200). The at least two cascading filters (202, 204) may also be designed to maximize stopband rejection in the composite filter (200). Filter characteristics, such as the order, bandwidth, stopband attenuation, and ripple magnitude, for the cascading filters (202, 204) are selected in order to achieve minimal passband ripple and maximum stopband rejection in the composite filter (200). The passband ripple in the composite filter (200) is minimized or cancelled by having the passband ripple in the cascading filters (202, 204) be equal or nearly equal in magnitude but out of phase with respect to each other.