Abstract:
一种水体中多环芳烃的生态风险确定方法,属于生态风险确定领域。其步骤为:(1)筛选区域内水生态系统的代表性物种;(2)获得苯并a芘的毒性数据;(3)计算保护水生态系统中95%物种的苯并a芘浓度值HC 5 ;(4)采样测定多环芳烃污染物种类及其相应的环境浓度,并分析各种多环芳烃的浓度分布特征;(5)计算特定多环芳烃类污染物的生态风险商值RQ i ;(6)计算总生态风险商值RQ t ,明确具体的生态风险。该方法可分析多环芳烃污染物所引发的潜在风险是否可接受,并判断水体生态风险总体水平是否应加以控制,为水生态系统的保护、多环芳烃污染控制措施的制定等提供科学依据。
Abstract:
A chip-scale, reusable sensor can detect aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), rapidly in water without sample preparation. The device is capable of real-time, continuous monitoring for BTEX solutes, which diffuse into a film, such as a polymer, on the sensors surface. In operation, BTEX analytes concentrate in the film, causing an increase in refractive index, which modulates evanescent coupling into the chips integrated photodetector array. Integration of the photodetector array simplifies system instrumentation and permits incorporation of an on-chip photocurrent reference region in the immediate vicinity of the sensing region, reducing drift due to temperature fluctuations. In some examples, the chip responds linearly for BTEX concentrations between 1 ppm and 30 ppm, with a limit of detection of 359 ppb, 249 ppb, and 103 ppb for benzene, toluene, and xylene in water, respectively.
Abstract:
A method of operating a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) having at least one of an aerobic digester (AD) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) is described. The method of operating AD is comprised of monitoring and controlling AD in real-time using an online extended Kalman filter (EKF) having a online dynamic model of AD. The EKF uses real-time AD measured data, and online dynamic model of AD to update adapted model parameters and estimate model based inferred variables for AD, which are used for AD control by AD control system having supervisory and low-level control layers. The method of operating MBR is similar to that of AD. The supervisory control ensures the WWTP satisfying the effluent quality requirement while minimize the operation cost. A WWTP having at least one of AD or MBR is disclosed. The method of operating a WWTP can be implemented using a computer.
Abstract:
An apparatus for measuring fluorescence of potable liquids contained within an optical quartz cell includes a deep UV laser or a compact UV LED that generates a light beam. A UV blocking and visible light transmitting optical filter reduces out-of-band emission from the LED. The optical quartz cell is between a pair of plane mirrors so that light from the light source travels through it several times. A concave mirror collects a fluorescence signal and has a common optical axis with a lens. The common optical axis is normal to an optical axis of the light beam. The concave mirror and lenses are positioned on opposite sides of the optical quartz cell. A fluorescence detector is in optical alignment with the concave mirror and the lens. A boxcar averager is in electrical communication with the fluorescence detector. Optical wavelength selection of the fluorescence emission uses optical filters or a spectrometer.
Abstract:
A multiple-component sensor film includes a carrier polymer matrix and film reactants dispersed within the carrier polymer matrix. The carrier polymer matrix includes a carrier polymer, which includes hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer and the film reactants include an indicator and a react ant from the group of a buffer; a stabilizer, a masking agent a solubilizer and an internal reference dye. Methods for making the multiple-component sensor film and methods for monitoring the concentration of water soluble polymers in aqueous media are also provided.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for monitoring oil in water, by adding a solvatochromic dye, such as Nile Red, to the sample, and detecting a fluorescent signal.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an oil spill identification system and oil spill identification sensors to be used in connection with this system. The system is used primarily on fixed offshore structures, but may also be used on 5 fixed onshore constructions. The sensor comprises a combination of a radar and at least a microwave radiometer. The data collected are transmitted to a control station. Preferably, the transmittal takes place at pixel level between the sensors and the control station. The control station processes the data received at pixel level and transmits data to an end-user, preferably through the internet. The invention also relates to a method for utilizing the system and a use of the system.
Abstract:
A water quality detection system for distributed water supply network. The system (1) comprises a multiplicity of detectors (5) wherein each detector of the detectors is capable of monitoring at least one attribute of water and providing a signal 5 related to the attribute. A controller (7) is provided which is capable of receiving each signal and comparing the signal to a control signal for the attribute. A response mechanism (9) is responsive to the controller and activated when at least one signal matches the control signal. An access gate (1) limits access to at least one of the detector, the controller or the response mechanism. An access key (13) is provided for 10 comparing a user attribute with a stored attribute wherein when the user attribute matches the stored attribute access is provided into the access gate.