Abstract:
A process for removing Pb2+ toxins from bodily fluids is disclosed. The process involves contacting the bodily fluid with an ion exchange composition to remove the metal toxins in the bodily fluid, including blood and gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, blood can be contacted with a dialysis solution which is then contacted with the ion exchange composition. The ion exchange compositions are represented by the following empirical formula: AmTiaNb1-aSixOy having either the pharmacosiderite, sitinakite, pharmacosiderite-sitinakite intergrowth topologies or mixtures thereof. A composition comprising the above ion exchange compositions in combination with bodily fluids or dialysis solution is also disclosed. The ion exchange compositions may be supported by porous networks of biocompatible polymers such as carbohydrates or proteins.
Abstract:
A process of obtaining a purified geometric isomer of an unsaturated macrocyclic compound is disclosed herein. The process is effected by contacting an ion exchange medium comprising silver ions with a mixture comprising at least one geometric isomer of the unsaturated macrocyclic compound, to thereby obtain at least one fraction comprising the purified geometric isomer of the macrocyclic compound. A system configured for performing the process is also disclosed.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods of reprocessing nuclear waste (or spent nuclear fuel) which comprises a mixture comprising nuclear material(s) (e.g. uranium and plutonium) and one or more nuclear by-products (e.g. fission products and minor actinides). The methods involve selectively extracting the nuclear by-products from a mobile phase onto a stationary phase (preferably by liquid chromatography), to thereby enrich the mobile phase in the nuclear materials. In this manner, the nuclear materials may be purified and reused, whilst the nuclear by-products can be readily disposed or used in other applications.
Abstract:
A novel water softening material comprising a porous matrix such as carbon or paper having incorporated in the pores thereof an ion-exchanger composition comprising either a hybrid zeolite-silicate powder in which the zeolite contains occluded silicate which is not part of the zeolite framework or the ion-exchanger includes macroscopic aggregates of submicron aluminosilicate zeolite crystals. The submicron zeolite crystals of the aggregate can include occluded silicate. The water softening materials are particularly useful in static water softening including, for example, treating household water supplies.
Abstract:
A process for removing Hg 2+ toxins from bodily fluids is disclosed. The process involves contacting the bodily fluid with a titanium metallate ion exchanger to remove the metal toxins in the bodily fluid, including blood and gastrointestinal fluid. Alternatively, blood can be contacted with a dialysis solution which is then contacted with the ion exchanger. The titanium metallate ion exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula: A m TiNb a Si x O y . A composition is provided with the combination of the titanium metallate ion exchanger and bodily fluids or dialysis solutions. Also, provided is an apparatus comprising a matrix and the titanium metallate ion exchanger.
Abstract:
A process for removing toxins from fluids such as blood or a dialysate solution, is disclosed. The process involves contacting the fluid with a microporous ion exchanger to remove toxins in the fluid. The microporous ion exchangers are represented by the following empirical formulae (I) and (II): ApMxZr1-xSinGeyOm (I) and ApMxTi1-xSinGeyOm (II).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing scale formation and/or corrosion in systems which conduct liquids or are in contact with liquids. According to the invention, this is achieved without reducing the quantity of hardness constituents contained in the liquid overall, without exchanging the hardness constituents in the liquid for other cations such as e.g. hydronium, sodium or potassium and without adding chemicals such as e.g. phosphates which inhibit scale formation to the liquid. Instead, scale formation is reduced by specifically shifting the molar distribution of the hardness constituents, especially the distribution proportions of the individual hardness constituents magnesium and calcium, strontium and barium. According to the inventive method, proportions of the hardness constituents calcium, strontium and barium in the liquid are substituted with the proportions of the hardness constituent magnesium. In addition to efficiently reducing scale formation, the method inhibits corrosion processes in systems which conduct liquids or are in contact with liquids and reduces the extent of these processes.
Abstract:
The application discloses processes for removing total nitrogen from waste streams, firstly by removing ammonium and/or ammonia in a reactor such as a zeolite-containing container, thereby producing a stream containing reduced nitrogen content; secondly by biologically regenerating the reactor and thereby producing a regenerant stream containing oxidised nitrogen with low ammonia/ammonium content; and thirdly denitrifying the regenerant solution by such means as: a) discharging the regenerant stream into the lower portions of a facultative or anaerobic pond, b) anoxically digesting the regenerant stream, c) denitrifying the regenerant stream using an organic carbon containing waste as a source of carbon for the denitrification, and d) discharging the regenerant stream to wetlands or overland.
Abstract:
A method of selectively removing a target metal cation from a liquid medium containing at least one other metal cation involves the use of an ion exchange material selected from four groups: 1) crystalline materials synthesised from octahedral/tetrahedral co-ordination polyhedra; 2) layered oxide materials, including those with inorganic pillars incorporated between the layers; 3) high silica materials, including those with large mesoporosity; and 4) microporous materials with interstitial cations other than Si or Al in tetrahedral co-ordination. At least one of the pore size, the layer charge density, the interlayer cations and the doping metal cations are controlled to render the ion exchange material selective towards the target metal cation.
Abstract:
ZS-9 is an efficient new molecular sieve used in compositions for the treatment of hyperkalemia, chronic kidney disease, coronary vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and transplant rejection. As rather large quantities of the product have to be ingested good agreeability is of high importance to guaranty patient compliance. It was found that fine particle size permits different formulations of improved taste and mouthfeel for the patient. The formulation can further comprise an absorption inhibitor which captures the fine particles in a swelling matrix, which on the one hand prevents absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and on the other hand protects the molecular sieves from the strong acidic environment in the stomach. Optionally a mucoadhesive excipient can be added to elongate the passage time in the intestinal tract and thereby increase the amount of bond potassium still further.