摘要:
The ability to design and construct solid-state materials with pre-determined structures is a grand challenge in chemistry. An inventive strategy based on reticulating metal ions and organic carboxylate links into extended networks has been advanced to a point that allows the design of porous structures in which pore size and functionality can be varied systematically. MOF-5, a prototype of a new class of porous materials and one that is constructed from octahedral Zn-O-C clusters and benzene links, was used to demonstrate that its 3-D porous system can be functionalized with the organic groups, -Br, -NH2, -OC3H7, -OC5H11, -H4C2 and -H4C4, and its pore size expanded with the long molecular struts biphenyl, tetrahydropyrene, pyrene, and terphenyl. The ability to direct the formation of the octahedral clusters in the presence of a desired carboxylate link is an essential feature of this strategy, which resulted in the design of an isoreticular (having the same framework topology) series of sixteen well-defined materials whose crystals have open space representing up to 91.1% of the crystal volume, and homogeneous periodic pores that can be incrementally varied from 3.8 to 28.8 angstroms. Unlike the unpredictable nature of zeolite and other molecular sieve syntheses, the deliberate control exercised at the molecular level in the design of these crystals is expected to have tremendous implications on materials properties and future technologies. Indeed, data indicate that members of this series represent the first monocrystalline mesoporous organic/inorganic frameworks, and exhibit the highest capacity for methane storage (155 cm /cm at 36 atm) and the lowest densities (0.41 to 0.21 g/cm ) attained to date for any crystalline material at room temperature.
摘要翻译:使用预定结构设计和构建固态材料的能力是化学领域的一大挑战。 基于将金属离子和有机羧酸盐连接网络化成扩展网络的创新策略已经进展到允许孔径和功能性可以系统地变化的多孔结构的设计。 MOF-5是一种新型多孔材料的原型,由八面体Zn-OC簇和苯环构成的原型,用于证明其3-D多孔体系可以用有机基团-Br, -NH2,-OC3H7,-OC5H11,-H4C2和-H4C4,其孔径用长分子支链联苯,四氢苯乙烯,芘和三联苯扩展。 在存在期望的羧酸盐连接的情况下引导形成八面体簇的能力是该策略的基本特征,其导致设计了具有相同框架拓扑结构的“ 十六种明确定义的材料,其晶体具有高达晶体体积的91.1%的开放空间,并且均匀的周期性孔隙可以从3.8至28.8埃逐渐变化。 与沸石和其他分子筛合成的不可预知的性质不同,在分子水平上对这些晶体的设计进行有意的控制预计对材料性能和未来技术有巨大的影响。 事实上,数据表明,这一系列的成员代表了第一个单晶介孔有机/无机骨架,并且表现出最高的甲烷储存能力(36 atm时为155 cm 3 / cm 3),最低密度为0.41〜0.21 g / cm 3)在室温下达到任何结晶物质。
摘要:
The invention relates to azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa) and carbon tetrachloride and a process for separating the azeotrope-like mixtures. The compositions of the invention are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-245fa. The latter is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent and aerosol propellant.
摘要:
The present invention provides processes for the production of chlorinated methanes via the direct chlorination of methane. The processes include a dehydrochlorination and/or chlorination step that converts up to 100% of the higher chlorinated alkanes in a process stream from the methane chlorination reaction into more highly chlorinated alkanes. These more highly chlorinated alkanes can be easily removed from the process stream. The use of a cost effective feedstream of crude methane is thus rendered possible, without additional capital expenditure for the sophisticated separation equipment required to separate ethane and other hydrocarbon components from the methane feed.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for separating chlorinated methanes utilizing a dividing wall column. Processes and manufacturing assemblies for generating chlorinated methanes are also provided, as are processes for producing products utilizing the chlorinated methanes produced and/or separated utilizing the present process(es) and/or assemblies.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for separating chlorinated methanes utilizing a dividing wall column. Processes and manufacturing assemblies for generating chlorinated methanes are also provided, as are processes for producing products utilizing the chlorinated methanes produced and/or separated utilizing the present process(es) and/or assemblies.
摘要:
본 발명은 메탄을 무산소 조건에서 염소화하는 반응에 사용되는 촉매로서, 라만 피크 강도비 ID/IG 가 0.05 ~ 0.13 인 탄소계 물질을 제공한다. 본 발명에 따른 촉매는 메탄과 염소의 전환율이 높으며, 특히 염소의 전환율이 기존 촉매 대비 매우 높으면서도 사염화탄소로의 전환은 낮게 되는 특징을 갖는다.
摘要:
A chlorinolysis process for producing carbon tetrachloride comprising providing a chlorination zone at an operating temperature of from 400 to 600°C with i) chlorine, ii) a C1 chlorinated compound comprising 1 to 3 chlorine atoms and iii) a carbon/second chlorine source to produce a reaction mixture, and, after a residence time, extracting a product mixture from the chlorination zone, the product mixture comprising carbon tetrachloride and optionally perchloroethylene, wherein the product mixture comprises a higher molar content of carbon tetrachloride than perchloroethylene, if present.
摘要:
Processes for the production of tetrachloromethane are provided. The present processes involve catalyzing the chlorination of a feedstream comprising partially chlorinated methanes with a free radical initiator. Cost savings are thus provided relative to conventional processes that require the use of high temperatures and/or pressures, and safety concerns are alleviated or eliminated.