Abstract:
Este método comprende: la obtención a partir de aguas residuales y de residuos diversos de biogas, agua tratada y oxigeno; la alimentación de una caldera: en una primera fase, con biogas y oxigeno; y en una segunda fase, con agua tratada suministrada a muy alta presión a los inyectores de la caldera, conservando una aportación de biogás; la producción de vapor de agua sobrecalentado a una temperatura superior a 650°C. y baja humedad en un intercambiador calentado por la caldera; el accionamiento, mediante el vapor producido, de una turbina de vapor conectada a un generador eléctrico; y la condensación de parte del vapor procedente de la turbina y su recirculación hacia el intercambiador. La invención también comprende un sistema para la puesta en práctica del método.
Abstract:
Mineral additives and a method for operating a waste-to-energy furnace are provided in order to improve its operational performance and availability, increase the lifetime of the combustor building materials (refractory walls and heat-exchanger metallic tubes) and flue gas treatment equipment, improve ash quality, reduce emissions and avoid combustion problems such as agglomeration, slagging, deposition and corrosion. A method for operating a waste-to-energy furnace, such as a fluidized bed reactor, pulverized-fuel combustor, grate combustor includes introducing mineral additive into the furnace. The method further includes heating at least a portion of the mineral additive either intimately in contact with the fuel, such that the ability of mineral additive to induce crystallization of the surface of forming ashes is enhanced, or minimizing the contact of the mineral additive with the fuel and the forming ashes, such that the solid-gas reactions between the mineral additive and the volatile compounds in the flue gas are favored and the mineral additive power to capture at least a portion of the inorganic volatile compounds present in the furnace is enhanced.
Abstract:
Electric power is generated at high efficiency from a high-temperature and high-pressure steam which is produced by using the heat of exhaust gas generated when various wastes are combusted. Wastes are combusted in an incinerator or a gasification and melt combustion furnace (11) to generate exhaust gas. The generated exhaust gas is introduced into a heat exchanger (12) to heat gas such as air by heat exchange. Superheated steam is heated in a superheated steam heater (14) by utilizing the heated gas as a heat source, and the heated superheated steam is supplied to a steam turbine (15) coupled to a generator to generate electric power.
Abstract:
A method for recovering energy from waste, in particular urban and/or industrial waste, comprising a step of incinerating the waste in a furnace (1), then conveying the combustion gases from the furnace into a recovery boiler (5) in order to produce water vapour, the combustion gases next being sent to a treatment unit (10) before being discharged into the atmosphere; an auxiliary gas is burned outside the furnace, in an outer superheater (12); the water vapour exiting the boiler (5) passes through the superheater (12) where it is superheated before being injected into a turbine (T), the combustion fumes from the auxiliary gas (19) exiting the superheater are at a temperature lower than the maximum value allowable in the furnace, and these combustion fumes from the auxiliary gas are injected into the facility at the recovery boiler, and are discharged with the combustion gases from the furnace in order to be treated in the treatment unit (10) provided for the furnace.
Abstract:
Produit comportant - un support fritté constitué d'un « granulat » constitué des particules présentant une taille supérieure à 100 μm, le complément dudit support étant la « matrice », et - une couche de protection recouvrant au moins partiellement la surface dudit support, le granulat représentant plus de 60% et moins de 95% de la masse dudit support et étant constitué, pour plus de 80%, en masse, de grains de carbure de silicium, la couche de protection étant constituée en un verre ou en une vitrocéramique, et présentant l'analyse chimique suivante, en pourcentage massique sur la base des oxydes : - 45% ≤ SiO 2 ≤ 90%; - 1 % ≤ manganèse exprimé sous la forme MnO ≤ 20%; - 2% ≤ aluminium exprimé sous la forme Al 2 O 3 ≤15%; - autres éléments, en dehors de l'oxygène, exprimés sous une forme oxyde : ≤ 25%.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a combustion plant (10) which comprises a boiler (13) of solid fuel in which, in the combustion process, at the heat surfaces of the boiler (13) is directed a danger of corrosion from the components of combusted material causing corrosion. The boiler (13) comprises for combustion air a inlet fitting (14) and which steam boiler (13) comprises a steam generator (18) inside it from a steam generator circuit of which steam is transferred to a superheater (24) in the steam boiler (13) of the combustion plant via a fitting (23). From the superheater (24), superheated steam is transferred to a steam turbine (100) which is arranged to rotate an electricity generator (G) for generating electricity. The steam turbine (100) is two-piece comprising a low-pressure turbine section (100a) and a high-pressure turbine section (100b), whereby from the steam boiler (13) is conveyed from the first superheater (24) a fitting (25) first to the high-pressure turbine section (100b) from which is conveyed a bled steam fitting (26) back to the steam boiler (13) to a second superheater (27) located in it. From the superheater (27), superheated steam is transferred via a fitting (28) to the low-pressure turbine section (100a) of the steam turbine (100).
Abstract:
This invention relates to a boiler (1) drying, igniting and combusting refuse and producing steam (2, 2a) by heat exchange with flue gases (3), said boiler defining a main flow direction (5) of gases, said boiler (1) comprising a separator element (4) and an end superheater (8), the separator element (4) being adapted for separating said flue gases (3) into streams of a less-corrosive gas flow (6) and a corrosive gas flow (7), said separator element (4) being located substantially in and along said main flow direction (5), said end superheater (8) being located in proximity to said separator element (4) and in the flow (6) of said less-corrosive gas. Said separator element (4) comprises a plate (4a) or a wall (4b), which in a number of said separator elements (4) forms a channel as another separator element. This provides for an increased lifetime of said superheater and makes the boiler provide a high and efficient electrical power output.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for operating a heat-producing plant having a chamber (2) for burning chlorine-containing fuels and a channel (3) connected with said chamber, in which a plurality of consecutive heat-transferring devices (5, 5', 5") are located, which can heated by hot flue gas which flows through the channel in the direction from the combustion chamber (2) towards an outlet (4). The flue gas is conditioned by addition of a sulphur-containing additive that is injected into the flue gas downstream a combustion zone and upstream that heat-transferring device (5) being the first to be hit by the flue gas. By means of the additive, alkaline chlorides in the flue gas is sulphated, with the aim of reducing chlorine-induced corrosion of the heat-transferring devices. As additive, a compound chosen from the group: ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4), ammonium bisulphate ((NH4)HSO4), ferrous sulphate (FeSO4), and sulphuric acid (H2SO4), is used, in order to form reactive sulphur trioxide (SO3) at the occasion of entrance, which is added in a quantity of at least 20 mg S/m3n (normal cubic metres) flue gas.
Abstract translation:本发明涉及一种用于操作具有用于燃烧含氯燃料的室(2)和与所述室连接的通道(3)的发热设备的方法,其中多个连续的热传递装置(5,5) '5“),其可以通过从燃烧室(2)朝向出口(4)的方向流过通道的热烟道气加热,烟道气通过加入含硫添加剂 其被注入到燃烧区下游的烟道气中,并且上游的传热装置(5)是首先被烟气撞击的烟道气,通过添加剂,烟道气中的碱性氯化物被硫酸化,目标 作为添加剂,选自以下的化合物:硫酸铵((NH 4)2 SO 4),硫酸铵((NH 4)HSO 4),硫酸亚铁(FeSO 4)和硫酸 (H2SO4),以形成反应性硫 入口时的氧化物(SO3),其以至少20mg S / m 3(正常立方米)烟道气的量加入。