摘要:
The subject matter of this specification can be implemented in, among other things, a system that includes a light source to produce a first beam and one or more first optical elements to impart an orbital angular momentum (OAM) to at least some of a plurality of output beams obtained from the first beam. The system further includes an output optical device to direct the output beams towards a target object and a plurality of photodetectors to generate signals representative of a difference between an input phase information, carried by one or more beams reflected from the target object, and an output phase information, carried by one of local copies of the output beams. The system further includes a processing device to determine, using the difference between the input phase information and the output phase information, one or more orthogonal components of a velocity of the target object.
摘要:
The invention relates to a system for practising the shooting accuracy and speed of game equipment, the system comprising at least one target goal (11, 50) and at least one monitoring device (20, 24, 25, 51) formed by means of at least one game monitoring element (12 to 14) for measuring the location and/or velocity of the game equipment, as well as a central processing unit (15) connected to at least one game monitoring element (12 to 14) and comprising a data processor for processing measurement results formed by means of the monitoring device (20, 24, 25), and a memory for storing the measurement results for reviewing and processing the measurement results later on. In the system according to the invention, the monitoring device (20, 24, 25) is spaced from the target goal, and the monitoring device (20, 24, 25) is configured to constitute at least one two-dimensional measurement plane (20c, 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b) for measuring the location and/or velocity of the game equipment (30) when the game equipment (30) passes through at least one measurement plane (20c, 24a, 24b, 25a, 25b) formed by the monitoring device (20, 24, 25). The invention also relates to a method for applying the system according to the invention. Each monitoring element may comprise a plurality of light emitters or receivers, defining the measurement plane as an array of parallel light beams. The game equipment such as an ice hockey puck or a ball will interrupt one or more light beams within the measurement plane forming a light curtain.
摘要:
A presente invenção descreve um método e um kit para a detecção de analitos orgânicos ou inorgânicos, naturais ou sintéticos, e/ou regiões moleculares específicas, em meio fluido, compreendendo nanobastões metálicos funcionalizados nas extremidades e análise por espalhamento dinâmico de luz. Esta invenção pode ser utilizada para reconhecimento de espécies moleculares para vários propósitos, como, por exemplo, para detecção de biomarcadores em fluidos biológicos, para diagnóstico in vitro. A detecção de espécies moleculares é importante em vários setores, como em diagnósticos médicos, no monitoramento da qualidade de produtos, na detecção de microorganismos e contaminantes tanto em agricultura quanto em pecuária, no desenvolvimento de fármacos, no monitoramento ambiental, no monitoramento de drogas, explosivos e agentes de bioterrorismo, e no monitoramento de processos químicos e biológicos em geral.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erkennen eines Messfehlers bei der Ermittlung der Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs (10) und/oder der Ermittlung einer von dem Fahrzeug (10) zurückgelegten Wegstrecke, durch das Messfehler auf vergleichsweise einfache und dennoch zuverlässige Weise erkannt werden können. Hierzu wird erfindungsgemäß mittels einer fahrzeugseitigen optischen Sensoreinrichtung (20) die Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs (10) ermittelt und ein Messfehler anhand einer von der Bewegungsrichtung des Fahrzeugs (10) abweichenden Komponente der ermittelten Geschwindigkeit erkannt. Speziell wird bei einem Schienenfahrzeug ein Messfehler erkannt, wenn ein Sensor, welcher eine Geschwindigkeit quer zur Schienenrichtung bestimmt, ein Messignal ausgibt, das eine Bewegung in dieser Richtung anzeigt. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren eine fahrzeugseitige Einrichtung (25) zum Ermitteln der Geschwindigkeit eines Fahrzeugs (10) und/ oder zum Ermitteln einer von dem Fahrzeug (10) zurückgelegten Wegstrecke.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for measuring a velocity of an object surface (O) relative to a sensor (1) with at least one light-sensitive element (2) according to the spatial frequency filtering method, wherein the light-sensitive element (2) is read at time intervals, and wherein the spatial frequency filter is designed as at least one masking grating having a variable grating constant. The method according to the invention is characterized in that the relative velocity is first measured using a first grating constant k1 having a large period length and/or over a short observation time period t1 (rough measurement) and then the measurement of the relative velocity is repeated for a more exact determination using a second grating constant k2 having a small period length and/or over a long observation time period t2 (fine measurement). The invention further relates to a sensor for velocity measurement.
摘要:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Zur Bereitstellung eines hinreichend genauen Systems zur Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit eines Landfahrzeugs erwärmt erfindungsgemäß in einem ersten Schritt eine am oder im Kraftfahrzeug angeordnete Wärmeerzeugungsquelle die von dem Fahrzeug befahrene Fahrbahn mindestens an einer Stelle partiell und eine Geschwindigkeitsbestimmungs-Vorrichtung erfasst den Zeitpunkt der Erwärmung. In einem zweiten Schritt erfasst ein am oder im Fahrzeug angeordneter Wärmesensor, dass die Fahrbahn partiell erwärmt worden ist. Der Zeitpunkt der Erfassung durch den Wärmesensor wird von der Geschwindigkeitsbestimmungs-Vorrichtung erfasst bzw. registriert. Der Geschwindigkeitsbestimmungs-Vorrichtung ist erfindungsgemäß der vorbestimmte Abstand zwischen der Wärmeerzeugungsquelle oder dem Ort der partiellen Fahrbahnerwärmung und dem Wärmesensor bekannt. Die Geschwindigkeitsbestimmungs-Vorrichtung berechnet aus dem vorbestimmten Abstand und der Zeitdifferenz zwischen der Erwärmung und der Erfassung der Erwärmung durch den Wärmesensor die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit, insbesondere die Vorwärts- und/oder die Quer-Geschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs.
摘要:
The invention relates to a system for determining the speed of a motor vehicle. In order to provide a sufficiently accurate system for determining the speed of a landcraft, in a first step according to the invention, a heat generating source that is arranged on or in the motor vehicle partially heats at least one point of the roadway on which the vehicle travels, and a speed determining device records the time of calefaction. In a second step, a heat sensor located on or in the vehicle senses that the roadway has been partially heated. The speed determining device records or registers the time of sensing by the sensor. According to the invention, the speed determining device knows the predetermined distance between the heat generating source or the point where the roadway is partially heated and the heat sensor. The speed determining device calculates the vehicle speed, especially the forward speed and/or the transversal speed of the vehicle, from the predetermined distance and the difference between the time the heating process occurs and the time the sensor senses the calefaction.
摘要:
A system for passively determining a speed of moving vehicles includes a single imaging device (103) for acquiring a plurality of images at a first time and at least at one second later time, wherein each image includes a moving vehicle (406) on a vehicle pathway (402) and at least one fixed object (404) proximate to the vehicle, defining a first plane (7I1) intersecting an adjacent portion of the vehicle pathway (402), wherein no geometric lengths of the vehicle (406) are known a priori. The system can also include a processor (121) operable to receive data associated with the images and determine a speed of the vehicle (406) in the images, wherein the processor (121) estimates at least one geometric length of the vehicle (406) by applying homography using the plurality of images, and where the processor (121) determines a speed of the vehicle (406) from the plurality of images and the estimated geometric length using a velocity estimation method.
摘要:
There is provided a system for forming an optical screen, including a continuous wave or pulsed laser transmitter for transmitting a beam of radiation at a predetermined wavelength and forming a planar or curved surface to be traversed by a moving object, at least one receiver including an array of detectors for receiving reflected or scattered beam radiation from the object and directing it towards the detectors for producing a signal, and a detection logic receiving the signal and determining parameters selected from the group of spatial position, velocity and direction of propulsion of the moving object. A method for detecting a moving object is also provided.