Abstract:
An electron beam apparatus that includes a vacuum chamber (120), a large-area cathode (122) disposed in the vacuum chamber, and a first power supply (129) connected to the cathode. The first power supply is configured to apply a negative voltage to the cathode sufficient to cause the cathode to emit electrons toward a substrate disposed in the vacuum chamber. The electron beam apparatus further includes an anode (126) positioned between the large-area cathode and the substrate. The anode is made from aluminum. The electron beam apparatus further includes a second power supply connected to the anode, wherein the second power supply (131) is configured to apply a voltage to the anode that is positive relative to the voltage applied to the cathode.
Abstract:
Anode (1) für eine Hochdruck-Entladungslampe, aufweisend einen Grundkörper (3) aus einem Refraktärmetall oder einer Refraktärmetall-Basislegierung und einen Einsatz (2) aus einer Wolfram-Basislegierung, die entlang mindestens einer Grenzfläche (23) stoffschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einsatz (2) aus einer Wolfram-Basislegierung mit einem Kaliumgehalt zwischen 5 μg/g und 120 μg/g, bevorzugt 15 μg/g und 85 μg/g, weiter bevorzugt 25 μg/g und 65 μg/g besteht. Weiter ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anode und eine Hochdruck-Entladungslampe.
Abstract:
Eine Elektronenquelle (2) zum Erzeugen eines Elektronenstrahls (8) mit einer Kathode (1) und einer Anode (4) in Form einer Graphenschicht (6, 12), die epitaktisch mit einem Siliziumkarbid-Substrat (5) verwachsen ist. Die Erfindung eignet sich zur monolithischen Herstellung einer miniaturisierten Quelle eines hochenergetischen, fokussierten Elektronenstrahls, einschließlich dessen Nutzung als On-Chip-Röntgenquelle. Alle Komponenten können aus oder auf einem einzelnen Siliziumkarbid-Chip hergestellt werden.
Abstract:
The electron impact surface (19) of an anode (13) is coated with a carbon nanotube coating (21) to reduce the production of secondary electrons and, concomitantly, to suppress the formation of neutral gases and plasma. A carbonizable resin is first applied to the electron impact surface (19), followed by a coating (21) comprised of carbon nanotubes. The coating (21) is pyro-bonded to the surface (19) by heating the anode (13) to over 700° C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. Next, the anode (13) is heated to over 1000° C while a low-pressure hydrocarbon gas, e. g., methane, is followed over the carbon nanotube coating (21). The gas decomposes and creates a smooth, non-porous, rigid surface on the carbon nanotube coating (21). The anode (13) is then heated in a vacuum to evaporate any residual water in the carbon nanotube coating (21).
Abstract:
A short arc lamp incorporates a cylindrical reflector body (10) having a reflector cavity (12) opening to a first end (14) and an anode aperture (16) through a base surface (52) at a second end. The body has a step (40) at the second end. A front sleeve (25) with a step (28) for positional engagement of a land (30) is received over the first end of the reflector body. A cathode support (34) is received within the second end of the front sleeve and includes a ring (38) to engage a second oppositely oriented positioning step (40). A window mount (36) received within the second end of the front sleeve abuts a front surface of the ring. A highly conductive base (20) concentrically supporting an anode (18) received through the anode aperture has a flange (50) in flush abutment with the base surface for braze attachment.
Abstract:
A Reflective Field Emission Display system, components and methods for fabricating the components is disclosed. In the FED system disclosed, a plurality of reflective edge emission pixed elements (10) are arranged in a matrix of N rows and M columns, the pixel elements contain an edge emitter (140) that is operable to emit electrons and a reflector (110) that is operable to extract and laterally reflect emitted electrons. A collector layer (310), laterally disposed from said reflector layer (110) is operable to attract the reflected electrons. Deposited on the collector layer (310) is a phosphor layer (195) that emits a photon of a known wavelength when activated by an attracted electron. A transparent layer (185) that is oppositely positioned with respect to the pixel elements (100) is operable to attract reflected electrons and prevent reflected electrons from striking the phosphor layer (195). Color displays are further contemplated by incorporating individually controlled sub-pixel elements in each of the pixel elements (100). The phosphor layers (195) emit photons having wavelenghts in the red, green or blue color spectrum.
Abstract:
A cold cathode electron emission structure (34) includes an amorphous carbon matrix having cesium dispersed therein, with the cesium present in substantially non-crystalline form. A cesium-carbon-oxide layer (36) is positioned on the amorphous carbon matrix, constitutes an electron emission surface and causes the cold cathode electron emission structure (34) to exhibit a lowered surface work function. A display structure (20) including the aforedescribed cold cathode electron emission structure (34) further includes a target electrode (28) including a phosphor (26) and exhibiting a target potential for attraction of electrons. A gate electrode (44) is positioned between the electron emission structure (34) and the target electrode (28) and is biased at a gate potential which attracts electrons, but which is insufficient, in combination with the target potential, to cause emission of a beam of electrons from the electron emission structure (34). A control electrode (40) is coupled to the electron emission structure (34) and selectively applies a low-voltage control potential which, in combination with the gate potential and the target voltage, is sufficient to cause the electron emission structure (34) to emit a beam of electrons towards the target electrode (28). The cesium-carbon-oxide layer (36) in combination with the control electrode (40) further enables the achievement of a long focal length, field effect display structure (200).