Abstract:
It is the object of the present invention to present a cell for extracting oxygen from lunar regolith via Molten Oxide Electrolysis, comprising (i) a cathode, (ii) an anode and (iii) a crucible, wherein the anode is characterized as at least partially liquid. The anode may be constructed from palladium, lead, silver, gold, platinum tantalum, or from a mixture
Abstract:
A direct reduction method/system, including: adding variable amounts of natural gas, hydrogen, and a carbon-free oxidizing gas to a feed gas stream upstream of a reformer; reforming the feed gas stream in the reformer to form a reformed gas stream, and delivering the reformed gas stream to a shaft furnace, where the reformed gas stream is used to reduce a metallic ore material to a direct reduced metallic material. The feed gas stream includes a top gas stream recycled from the shaft furnace. Optionally, the carbon-free oxidizing gas includes steam and the method further includes controlling a steam flow rate of the steam to maintain a maximum k-factor value of the feed gas stream of 0.74 or lower. Optionally, the variable amount of hydrogen is selected to replace 20-90% of the natural gas by fuel value. The variable amount of hydrogen is selected based upon an available supply of hydrogen.
Abstract:
In order to provide a solution which provides a direct reduced iron product which has an improved performance in respect to its capability to be transported over long distances and in respect to its melting properties in primary metallurgical steel making processes and which is suitable as a scrap substituting material, a method for producing a capsulated pressed reduced iron compound (5) is proposed, which compound (5) is completely encapsulated by a, preferably metallic, covering embodying material (4), wherein the method comprises the steps of reducing iron ore in an iron ore direct reduction shaft furnace and subjecting a certain amount of the thus obtained reduced iron or sponge iron (2) to a cold briquetting or cold forming process executed in a forming device, wherein the certain amount of reduced iron or of sponge iron (2) is delivered to at least one mould arranged in the forming device, is exposed to a compressive force and press-formed to constitute the capsulated pressed reduced iron compound (5) having a shape corresponding to the form provided by the at least one mould arranged in the forming device and having an apparent density of greater than 5.0 g/cm 3 , and wherein the certain amount of reduced iron or sponge iron(2) is completely encapsulated either by means of the covering embodying material (4) being provided before or during the certain amount of reduced iron or sponge iron is exposed to the compressive force or by means of the covering embodying material (4) being provided immediately after the certain amount of reduced iron or sponge iron (2) is press-formed to embody the form of the iron compound (5). During above process certain additives and/or CDRI fines and/or non-contaminant metal chips and/or secondary metallurgy additives in defined ratios could be included in the invented capsulated pressed reduced iron compound (5) CAPRI.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for reducing iron oxide to metallic iron using coke oven gas, including: dividing coke oven gas from a coke oven gas source into a plurality of coke oven gas streams; providing a first coke oven gas stream to a hydrogen enrichment unit to form a hydrogen-rich product stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of a reducing gas stream; and providing a tail gas stream from the hydrogen enrichment unit to a reforming reactor to form a reformed gas stream that is delivered to a reduction shaft furnace as part of the reducing gas stream. Optionally, a spent top gas stream from the reduction shaft furnace is cleansed of CO 2 and recycled back to the reducing gas stream.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reduzieren von Eisenerz im Direktreduktionsverfahren, wobei durch ein Reduktionsaggregat wie ein Schachtofen das zu reduzierende Eisenerz durchgeführt wird und mit einem Reduktionsgas in Kontakt gebracht wird, wobei das Reduktionsgas in das Reduktionsaggregat eingebracht wird und das Aggregat durchströmt und nach dem Durchströmen des Aggregats aus dem Aggregat abgezogen wird, wobei das Gas nach dem Verlassen des Aggregats aufbereitet und gegebenenfalls mit neuen Reduktionsgasanteilen angereichert und zurückgeführt wird, wobei das Reduktionsgas vor dem Eintritt in das Reduktionsaggregat erhitzt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erhitzung des Reduktionsgases vor dem Eintritt in das Aggregat elektrisch erfolgt.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a device and method for distributing a lumpy bulk material, in particular, at least partially prereduced iron ore, on an expansive surface, especially on a static bed. Said surface extends inside a reactor or vessel used in physical or chemical process technology, especially inside a reactor of a smelting works, for producing pig iron or steel intermediate products, and the lumpy bulk material is charged by means of at least one charging device, which has at least two, in particular, rotationally symmetrical drop shafts, which are preferably arranged at the same distance from the vertical longitudinal axis of the reactor. At least one portion of the bulk material, particularly after having been introduced into the drop shaft, is distributed, before striking the expansive surface, on a scattering device, which is assigned to at least one of the drop shafts, preferably inside the drop shaft. The distribution of the bulk material ensues, when viewed from above, in a radial and/or tangential direction.
Abstract:
A direct smelting process for producing metal from a metalliferous feed material is disclosed. The direct smelting process is a molten bath-based process in which smelting occurs predominantly in the metal layer, carrier gas/metalliferous feed material/solid carbonaceous material are injected into the metal layer via lances/tuyeres, and oxygen-containing gas is injected into the top space above the molten bath and post-combusts reaction gases released from the bath. The injection of metalliferous feed material and solid carbonaceous material causes molten material to be projected from the molten bath as splashes, droplets and streams and to form a transition zone. The process is characterised by forming a pipe of a solid material on an outlet end of at least one lance/tuyere while injecting the metalliferous feed material and the carbonaceous material through the lances/tuyeres and thereby extending the effective length of the lance/tuyere or the lances/tuyeres.
Abstract:
A process for direct reduction of iron oxide in a shaft furnace. The furnace has a pre-reduction zone near its uppermost portion, a metallization zone below the pre-reduction zone, an intermediate zone which separates the pre-reduction zone from the metallization zone and which includes a restriction to inhibit rich fuel gas from passing from the pre-reduction zone to the metallization zone, and a cooling zone below the metallization zone at the lowest portion of the furnace. The process includes feeding iron oxide to the furnace, passing the iron oxide successively downwardly through the pre-reduction zone, the transition zone, the metallization zone, and the cooling zone while passing rich fuel gas produced by external partial combustion with a sub-stoichiometric volume of air upwardly through the pre-reduction zone in counter-current flow so as to partially reduce the iron oxide, and passing reducing gas downwardly through the metallization zone in co-current flow so as to substantially complete the reduction of the iron oxide to metallic iron. The reducing gas is first pre-heated in a gas heater and then subjected to partial combustion with oxygen to further increase its temperature. The process includes removing a metallized iron product from the cooling zone.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for charging hot direct reduced iron (HDRI) from hot transport vessels (HTVs) into a melter or finisher. In general, the apparatus includes a charging stand including a plurality of bays for receiving and supporting a plurality of HTVs. Each HTV includes at least an outlet port configured to engage an inlet port of one of the plurality of bays of the charging stand via a telescoping seal that provides a substantially air-tight seal. A feed device is provided that moves the HDRI disposed within the HTVs from the outlet port/inlet port interface to a melter or finisher. The charging stand also includes one or more load cells operable for weighing the HTVs and the HDRI disposed therein, such that a computer or other logic may be used to control the feed rate of the HDRI charged into the melter or finisher.